pirum

Latin

Etymology

A loanword from an unknown Mediterranean substrate source, original form something like (a)pisom reflected also in Ancient Greek ἄπιον (ápion, “pear”) and ἄπιος (ápios, “pear tree”).

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈpi.rum/, [ˈpi.rũ]

Noun

pirum n (genitive pirī); second declension

a pear (fruit)

Declension

Second declension.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	pirum	pira
Genitive	pirī	pirōrum
Dative	pirō	pirīs
Accusative	pirum	pira
Ablative	pirō	pirīs
Vocative	pirum	pira

Derived terms

perula (Medieval Latin)
pirācium
pirārius (Medieval Latin)

Related terms

pirus

Descendants

Rhaeto-Romance:
- Romansch: pair, pér, peir
⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pira pl (reanalyzed as feminine singular)
- Dalmatian: paira
- Eastern Romance:
  - Aromanian: pearã
  - Romanian: pară
- Italian: pera
- Old French: peire
  - French: poire
  - Norman: paithe, peire, père
  - → Middle Irish: péire
    - Irish: péire
- Old Occitan: pera
  - Catalan: pera
  - Occitan: pera
- Old Portuguese: pera
  - Galician: pera
  - Portuguese: pera
- Old Spanish: pera
  - Spanish: pera
- Rhaeto-Romance:
  - Romansch: paira
- Sardinian: pira
- Sicilian: piru
- → Old Dutch: [Term?]
  - Middle Dutch: pēre
    - Dutch: peer
      - Afrikaans: peer
    - Limburgish: paer
    - West Flemish: peire
- → Old English: pere
  - Middle English: pere
    - English: pear
    - Scots: peir
- → Old High German: bira
  - Middle High German: bir
    - Alemannic German: Biire
    - German: Birne
      - → Estonian: pirn
    - Luxembourgish: Bir
    - Vilamovian: biyn
    - Yiddish: באַר‎‎ (bar‎)
- → Old Norse: pera
  - Norwegian: pære
  - Danish: pære
    - → Greenlandic: pære
  - Swedish: päron (with suffix -on)
    - → Finnish: päärynä
- → Welsh: pêr
⇒ Vulgar Latin: [Term?] (diminutive)
- Rhaeto-Romance:
  - Friulian: piruç
Unsorted:
- → Irish: piorra
- → Scottish Gaelic: peur

References

pĭrum in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
pirum in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
pirum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
pirum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 467

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