efforcer
French
Etymology
From Old French esforcier, from Vulgar Latin *exfortiāre, from ex + *fortiāre, from Late Latin fortia, from Latin fortis. Compare Spanish esforzar, Catalan esforçar, Italian sforzare.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /e.fɔʁ.se/
Audio (file)
Conjugation
This verb is part of a group of -er verbs for which ‘c’ is softened to a ‘ç’ before the vowels ‘a’ and ‘o’.
Conjugation of s'efforcer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | s'efforçant /se.fɔʁ.sɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | efforcé /e.fɔʁ.se/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | s'efforcer | ||||||
| compound | s'être + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | s'efforçant /se.fɔʁ.sɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | s'étant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | m'efforce /me.fɔʁs/ |
t'efforces /te.fɔʁs/ |
s'efforce /se.fɔʁs/ |
nous efforçons /nu.z‿e.fɔʁ.sɔ̃/ |
vous efforcez /vu.z‿e.fɔʁ.se/ |
s'efforcent /se.fɔʁs/ |
| imperfect | m'efforçais /me.fɔʁ.sɛ/ |
t'efforçais /te.fɔʁ.sɛ/ |
s'efforçait /se.fɔʁ.sɛ/ |
nous efforcions /nu.z‿e.fɔʁ.sjɔ̃/ |
vous efforciez /vu.z‿e.fɔʁ.sje/ |
s'efforçaient /se.fɔʁ.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | m'efforçai /me.fɔʁ.se/ |
t'efforças /te.fɔʁ.sa/ |
s'efforça /se.fɔʁ.sa/ |
nous efforçâmes /nu.z‿e.fɔʁ.sam/ |
vous efforçâtes /vu.z‿e.fɔʁ.sat/ |
s'efforcèrent /se.fɔʁ.sɛʁ/ | |
| future | m'efforcerai /me.fɔʁ.sə.ʁe/ |
t'efforceras /te.fɔʁ.sə.ʁa/ |
s'efforcera /se.fɔʁ.sə.ʁa/ |
nous efforcerons /nu.z‿e.fɔʁ.sə.ʁɔ̃/ |
vous efforcerez /vu.z‿e.fɔʁ.sə.ʁe/ |
s'efforceront /se.fɔʁ.sə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | m'efforcerais /me.fɔʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ |
t'efforcerais /te.fɔʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ |
s'efforcerait /se.fɔʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ |
nous efforcerions /nu.z‿e.fɔʁ.sə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
vous efforceriez /vu.z‿e.fɔʁ.sə.ʁje/ |
s'efforceraient /se.fɔʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of s'être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | m'efforce /me.fɔʁs/ |
t'efforces /te.fɔʁs/ |
s'efforce /se.fɔʁs/ |
nous efforcions /nu.z‿e.fɔʁ.sjɔ̃/ |
vous efforciez /vu.z‿e.fɔʁ.sje/ |
s'efforcent /se.fɔʁs/ |
| imperfect2 | m'efforçasse /me.fɔʁ.sas/ |
t'efforçasses /te.fɔʁ.sas/ |
s'efforçât /se.fɔʁ.sa/ |
nous efforçassions /nu.z‿e.fɔʁ.sa.sjɔ̃/ |
vous efforçassiez /vu.z‿e.fɔʁ.sa.sje/ |
s'efforçassent /se.fɔʁ.sas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of s'être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | efforce-toi /e.fɔʁs.twa/ |
— | efforçons-nous /e.fɔʁ.sɔ̃.nu/ |
efforcez-vous /e.fɔʁ.se.vu/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “efforcer” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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