severus

Latin

Etymology

According to De Vaan, from Proto-Italic *seɣwēros, from a collective derivation of the noun Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰwr̥, from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- (to hold).[1]

Other etymologists, such as Meiser, posit this word to be from se- + verus, but De Vaan notes a heavy semantic mismatch.[1]

Pronunciation

  • (Classical) IPA(key): /seˈweː.rus/, [sɛˈweː.rʊs]

Adjective

sevērus (feminine sevēra, neuter sevērum); first/second declension

  1. severe, serious, grave in demeanor

Inflection

First/second declension.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative sevērus sevēra sevērum sevērī sevērae sevēra
Genitive sevērī sevērae sevērī sevērōrum sevērārum sevērōrum
Dative sevērō sevērae sevērō sevērīs sevērīs sevērīs
Accusative sevērum sevēram sevērum sevērōs sevērās sevēra
Ablative sevērō sevērā sevērō sevērīs sevērīs sevērīs
Vocative sevēre sevēra sevērum sevērī sevērae sevēra

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 560

Further reading

  • severus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • severus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • severus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
  • Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to be brought up under strict discipline: severa disciplina contineri
    • a stern critic of morals: severus morum castigator
    • to be a strict disciplinarian in one's household: severum imperium in suis exercere, tenere (De Sen. 11. 37)
  • severus in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • severus in William Smith, editor (1848) A Dictionary of Greek Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
  • severe in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
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