thừa
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [tʰɨə˨˩]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [tʰɨə˦˩]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [tʰɨə˨˩]
Etymology 1
Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 剩 (“left over”; SV: thặng). The reading fails to retain the final consonant in Middle Chinese 剩 (zyingH), which seems to be unique to Vietnamese (compare Mandarin 剩 (shèng), Cantonese 剩 (sing6, zing6), Japanese じょう (jō)). The one that does, thặng, only occurs in the word thặng dư. This failure to retain the final consonant also occurs for thừa#Etymology 2 below, and for the name of the Chinese author 吳承恩 (Wú Chéng'ēn, Ngô Thừa Ân).
Haudricourt (1954) suggested that thừa is a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 餘 (“left over, extra”; SV: dư).[1]
Adverb
thừa
- (only in fixed expressions) more than necessarily said
- thừa biết
- to know fully well; to be fully aware; to be the first one to acknowledge; to know, of all people
Etymology 2
Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 乘 (SV: thặng).
Verb
thừa
- (only in fixed expressions) to take advantage of (an opportunity); to utilise; to avail oneself of
- thừa cơ
- to take one's chance; to take advantage of the current situation
- thừa thế
- to take advantage of the current situation
- thừa thắng
- to victoriously charge onward
References
- André-Georges Haudricourt. "Comment reconstruire le chinois archaïque", Word 10(2/3). 351–364 (1954). Reprinted (with additions) 1 in Problèmes de phonologie diachronique: 161-182. Translated in 2017 by Guillaume Jacques. draft
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