traire

See also: trairé

French

Etymology

From Old French traire, treire (“to pull”), from Vulgar Latin *tragere, from Latin trahere, present active infinitive of trahō (“I pull”), from Proto-Indo-European *tragʰ- (“to draw, drag”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /tʁɛʁ/
  • audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɛʁ

Verb

traire

  1. (transitive) to milk (a cow, etc)

Conjugation

This verb traditionally has no past historic or imperfect subjunctive. They would be formed on a -tray- root: *je trayis, *que nous trayissions etc. Forms using the ‘a’ endings of verbs in -er are now used when there is an unavoidable need to use these forms. The root -trais- was used instead of -tray- in the 18th century, and remains in Swiss and Savoy dialects.

Conjugation of traire (see also Appendix:French verbs)
present participle trayant
/tʁɛ.jɑ̃/
past participle trait
/tʁɛ/
infinitive
simple traire
compound avoir + past participle
gerund1
simple trayant
/tʁɛ.jɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present trais
/tʁɛ/		 trais
/tʁɛ/		 trait
/tʁɛ/		 trayons
/tʁɛ.jɔ̃/		 trayez
/tʁɛ.je/		 traient
/tʁɛ/
imperfect trayais
/tʁɛ.jɛ/		 trayais
/tʁɛ.jɛ/		 trayait
/tʁɛ.jɛ/		 trayions
/tʁɛj.jɔ̃/		 trayiez
/tʁɛj.je/		 trayaient
/tʁɛ.jɛ/
past historic2 trayai
/tʁɛ.je/		 trayas
/tʁɛ.ja/		 traya
/tʁɛ.ja/		 trayâmes
/tʁɛ.jam/		 trayâtes
/tʁɛ.jat/		 trayèrent
/tʁɛ.jɛʁ/
future trairai
/tʁɛ.ʁe/		 trairas
/tʁɛ.ʁa/		 traira
/tʁɛ.ʁa/		 trairons
/tʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/		 trairez
/tʁɛ.ʁe/		 trairont
/tʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/
conditional trairais
/tʁɛ.ʁɛ/		 trairais
/tʁɛ.ʁɛ/		 trairait
/tʁɛ.ʁɛ/		 trairions
/tʁɛ.ʁjɔ̃/		 trairiez
/tʁɛ.ʁje/		 trairaient
/tʁɛ.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present traie
/tʁɛ/		 traies
/tʁɛ/		 traie
/tʁɛ/		 trayions
/tʁɛj.jɔ̃/		 trayiez
/tʁɛj.je/		 traient
/tʁɛ/
imperfect2 trayasse
/tʁɛ.jas/		 trayasses
/tʁɛ.jas/		 trayât
/tʁɛ.ja/		 trayassions
/tʁɛ.ja.sjɔ̃/		 trayassiez
/tʁɛ.ja.sje/		 trayassent
/tʁɛ.jas/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — trais
/tʁɛ/		 — trayons
/tʁɛ.jɔ̃/		 trayez
/tʁɛ.je/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 Only usable with preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

Anagrams

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French traire.

Verb

traire

  1. to fire (an arrow)
    • circa 1369, Jean Froissart, Chroniques:
      arbalestriers commencierent a traire sur le chastel
      [the] crossbowmen started to fire at the castle

Descendants

Old French

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *tragere, present active infinitive of *tragō, from Classical Latin trahō (“I pull”).

Verb

traire

  1. to pull
  2. (chiefly of a weapon) to draw; to unsheathe
  3. to pull out (extract by pulling); to remove (by pulling)
    • circa 1150, Thomas d'Angleterre, Le Roman de Tristan, page 164 (of the Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, line 1980:
      Un anel d'or trait de sun dei
      she removed a gold ring from her finger
    • circa 1170, Wace, Le Roman de Rou:
      A plusurs fist traire les denz
      For many, he pulled out their teeth

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb ends in a palatal stem, so there is an extra i before the e of some endings. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of traire (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive traire avoir trait
gerund en traiant Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle traiant
past participle trait
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses		 present trai trais trait traions traiiez, traites traient
imperfect traioie, traieie traioies, traieies traioit, traieit traiiiens, traiiens traiiiez, traiiez traioient, traieient
preterite trais traisis traist traisimes traisistes traistrent
future trairai trairas traira trairons trairoiz, traireiz, trairez trairont
conditional trairoie, traireie trairoies, traireies trairoit, traireit trairiiens, trairiens trairiiez, trairiez trairoient, traireient
compound
tenses		 present perfect Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
past anterior Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle
future perfect Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
conditional perfect Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses		 present traie traies traie traiiens, traions traiiez traient
imperfect traisisse traisisses traisist traisissons, traisissiens traisissoiz, traisissez, traisissiez traisissent
compound
tenses		 past Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— trai — traions traiiez —

Descendants

Old Occitan

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *tragere, present active infinitive of *tragō, from Classical Latin trahō (“I pull”).

Verb

traire

  1. to pull

References
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