twardy

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ. Cognate with Upper Sorbian twjerdy.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈtwardɨ/

Adjective

twardy (comparative twarźejšy, superlative nejtwarźejšy, adverb twardo or twarźe)

  1. hard (resistant to pressure)

Declension
Declension of twardy
Masculine singular Feminine singular Neuter singular Dual Plural
Nominative twardy twarda twarde twardej twarde
Genitive twardego twardeje twardego twardeju twardych
Dative twardemu twardej twardemu twardyma twardym
Accusative twardy
twardego (animate)		 twardu twarde twardej
twardeju (animate)		 twarde
twardych (optional animate form)
Instrumental twardym twardeju twardym twardyma twardymi
Locative twardem twardej twardem twardyma twardych

Antonyms

Derived terms
  • twarda plata (“hard drive”)

Further reading
  • twardy in Ernst Muka/Mucke (St. Petersburg and Prague 1911–28): Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow / Wörterbuch der nieder-wendischen Sprache und ihrer Dialekte. Reprinted 2008, Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag.
  • twardy in Manfred Starosta (1999): Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag.

Polish

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈtfar.dɨ/
  • audio(file)

Adjective

twardy (comparative twardszy, superlative najtwardszy, adverb twardo)

  1. hard
    Diamenty są bardzo twarde.
    Diamonds are very hard.
    Moje łóżko jest bardzo twarde.
    My bed is very hard.
    Nie uważasz, że jesteś dla niego zbyt twardy?
    Don't you think you are too hard on him?
  2. (of water) hard (high in dissolved calcium compounds)
  3. tough
    Nie bądź dla niej taki twardy.
    Don't be so tough with her.
    Boli mnie ząb, więc nie mogę jeść twardego jedzenia.
    I have a toothache so I can't eat tough food.
    Ten stek jest twardy.
    This steak is tough.
  4. firm
    Wolę spać na twardym materacu.
    I prefer sleeping on a firm mattress.
  5. stiff, rigid
    Muszę kupić twardy pędzel.
    I have to buy a stiff brush.

Declension
declension of twardy
case singular plural
m pers or m anim m inan n f m pers other
nominative, vocative twardy twarde twarda twardzi twarde
genitive twardego twardej twardych
dative twardemu twardym
accusative twardego twardy twarde twardą twardych twarde
instrumental twardym twardymi
locative twardej twardych

Antonyms

Further reading
  • twardy in Polish dictionaries at PWN
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