vallum

English

Etymology

From Latin vallum. Doublet of wall comes from this word via a Proto-Germanic borrowing from Latin.

Noun

vallum (plural vallums or valla)

(historical, Roman antiquity) A rampart; a wall, as in a fortification.
(anatomy) The eyebrow.

Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for vallum in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.)

Latin

Etymology

From vallus (“stake, palisade, point”), from Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“to turn, wind, roll”).

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈwal.lum/, [ˈwal.lũ]

Noun

vallum n (genitive vallī); second declension

wall, rampart, entrenchment

Inflection

Second declension.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	vallum	valla
Genitive	vallī	vallōrum
Dative	vallō	vallīs
Accusative	vallum	valla
Ablative	vallō	vallīs
Vocative	vallum	valla

Derived terms

intervallum

Descendants

Italian: vallo
Old Occitan:
- Catalan: vall
Old Portuguese:
- Galician: valo
- Portuguese: valo, vala
Old Spanish:
- Spanish: valla
→ Albanian: avulli
→ English: vallum
→ Germanic: *wallaz, *wallą
- Old English: weall
  - Middle English: wall
    - English: wall
    - Scots: wa, waw
    - → Irish: balla
    - → Scottish Gaelic: balla
- Old Frisian:
  - North Frisian: wal
- Old Saxon:
  - Middle Low German:
    - → Danish: vold
    - → Norwegian: voll
    - → Old Swedish: valder
      - Swedish: vall
        → Finnish: valli
- Old Dutch:
  - Middle Dutch:
    - Dutch: wal
- Old High German:
  - Middle High German: wal
    - German: Wall
→ Czech: val
→ Polish: wał
→ Romanian: val

References

vallum in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
vallum in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
vallum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
vallum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to raise a rampart, earthwork: vallum iacere, exstruere, facere
- (ambiguous) to fortify the camp with a rampart: castra munire vallo (aggere)
- (ambiguous) to keep watch on the rampart: custodias agere in vallo
- (ambiguous) to surround a town with a rampart and fosse: oppidum cingere vallo et fossa
vallum in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
vallum in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

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