Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance

Examples of Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance in the following topics:

• Interventions in Latin America and the Middle East

  • defense treaty called the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance of 1947, or the "hemispheric defense" treaty, was the formalization of the Act of Chapultepec, adopted at the Inter-American Conference on the Problems of War and Peace in 1945 in Mexico City.
  • Twenty-one American countries signed the Charter of the Organization of American States on April 30, 1948.
  • Twenty-one American countries signed the Charter of the Organization of American States on April 30, 1948.
  • It was during that year that the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, an agency of the OAS, was created.
  • The second of these frameworks led directly to the 1979 Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty.

• Across the Atlantic: France and Britain

  • The Treaty of Alliance was a defense treaty formed in the American Revolution that promised French support to the United States.
  • Delegates of King Louis XVI of France and the Second Continental Congress, who represented the United States government at the time, signed the treaty along with The Franco-American Treaty of Amity and Commerce at the Hôtel de Crillon in Paris on February 6, 1778, formalizing a Franco-American alliance that would technically remain in effect until 1800.
  • On September 25th, the Continental congress ordered commissioners, led by Benjamin Franklin, to seek a treaty with France based upon Adams' drafts establishment of reciprocal trade relations with France but declined to mention any possible military assistance from the French government.
  • This reluctance to send military aid to the Americans, however, changed with Washington's defeat of Britain at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777: when France re-initiated negotiations with the United States for a formal alliance that resulted in both the Treaty of Amity and Commerce and the Treaty of Alliance.
  • The Jay Treaty (also known as Jay's Treaty, The British Treaty, and the Treaty of London of 1794), was officially known as the Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, Between His Britannic Majesty and The United States of America.

• The "Good Neighbor" Policy

  • It also reinforced the idea that the United States would be a "good neighbor" and engage in reciprocal exchanges with Latin American countries.
  • Overall, the Roosevelt administration expected that this new policy would create new economic opportunities in the form of reciprocal trade agreements and reassert the influence of the United States in Latin America.
  • Hull said, "No country has the right to intervene in the internal or external affairs of another. " Roosevelt then confirmed the policy in December of the same year: "The definite policy of the United States from now on is one opposed to armed intervention. " In 1936 Roosevelt attended the Buenos Aires Inter-American Conference.
  • FDR's address to the delegates was well received—he called himself a "traveling salesman for peace" and preached "mutual safety. " The Lima Declaration adopted at the International Conference of American States in 1938 reinforced inter-American solidarity.
  • Thus, these changes conflicted with the Good Neighbor Policy's fundamental principle of non-intervention and resulted in a new wave of American interference into Latin American affairs.

• The Cold War

  • It also reinforced the idea that the United States would be a "good neighbor" and engage in reciprocal exchanges with Latin American countries.
  • Overall, the Roosevelt administration expected that this new policy would create new economic opportunities in the form of reciprocal trade agreements and reassert the influence of the United States in Latin America.
  • Hull said, "No country has the right to intervene in the internal or external affairs of another. " Roosevelt then confirmed the policy in December of the same year: "The definite policy of the United States from now on is one opposed to armed intervention. " In 1936 Roosevelt attended the Buenos Aires Inter-American Conference.
  • FDR's address to the delegates was well received—he called himself a "traveling salesman for peace" and preached "mutual safety. " The Lima Declaration adopted at the International Conference of American States in 1938 reinforced inter-American solidarity.
  • Thus, these changes conflicted with the Good Neighbor Policy's fundamental principle of non-intervention and resulted in a new wave of American interference into Latin American affairs.

• Collective Military Force

  • Collective defense is an arrangement, usually formalized by a treaty and an organization, among participant states that commit support in defense of a member state if it is attacked by another state outside the organization .
  • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is the best known collective defense organization .
  • Bush deployed American forces into Saudi Arabia, and an array of nations joined the coalition.
  • This map depicts current members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, one of the primary examples of a collective defense organization.
  • In 2003, NATO took command of ISAF (International Security Assistance Force), which was the group of international troops operating in Afghanistan.

• American Indian Relocation

  • Indian termination policy of the United States (mid-1940s to the mid-1960s) intended to assimilate American Indians (herein referred to as "Indians" for historical context) into mainstream American society.
  • These actions affected more than 12,000 American Indians or 3% of the total American Indian population.
  • Through the Indian Claims Commission, tribes had the ability to file claims against the government for breaches of treaty or grievances.
  • AIM was initially formed to address American Indian sovereignty, treaty issues, spirituality, and leadership, while simultaneously addressing incidents of police harassment and racism against Native Americans forced to move away from reservations and tribal culture by the 1950s-era enforcement of the U.S. federal government-enforced Indian termination policies.
  • Assess how the Indian termination policy of the 1950s and 60s effected the education, health care, land rights, and economic stability of American Indian tribes

• Indochina: The Background to War

  • The 1884 Treaty of Hue formed the basis for French colonial rule in Vietnam for the next seven decades.
  • In 1955, with American support, Diem used a referendum to remove the former Emperor and declare himself the president of the Republic of Vietnam.
  • The war gradually escalated into the Second Indochina War, more commonly known as the Vietnam War in the West and the American War in Vietnam.
  • A dramatic shift occurred in American policy after the victory of Mao Zedong's Communist Party of China in the Chinese Civil War.
  • In September, Truman sent the Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) to Indochina to assist the French.

• Power and Inequality

  • by William Domhoff, the distribution of wealth in America is the primary highlight of the influence of the upper class.
  • The top 1 percent of Americans own around 34 percent of the wealth in the U.S. while the bottom 80 percent own only approximately 16 percent of the wealth.
  • Because power operates both relationally and reciprocally, sociologists speak of the balance of power between people in a relationship.
  • Many sociological theorists have criticized the extent to which the working classes are unlikely to advance socioeconomically; the wealthy tend to hold political power which they use to exploit the proletariat inter-generationally.
  • This has occurred frequently in the United States ever since the American revolution—the U.S.

• The Adams Presidency

  • John Quincy Adams, the sixth president of the United States, was the son of former President John Adams.
  • During his term, Adams worked on transforming America into a world power through "internal improvements" as a part of the "American System" of economics.
  • Adams's policies toward the American Indians also caused him trouble.
  • In contrast, Jackson and Martin Van Buren instigated the policy of American Indian removal to the West, later leading to the Trail of Tears.
  • Among his diplomatic achievements were treaties of reciprocity with a number of nations, including Denmark, Mexico, the Hanseatic League, the Scandinavian countries, Prussia, and Austria.

• Eastern Woodland Culture

  • Art motifs that became important to many later American Indians began with the Adena.
  • As the Woodland period progressed, local and inter-regional trade of exotic materials greatly increased to the point where a trade network covered most of the eastern United States.
  • It is also likely these rulers gained influence through the creation of reciprocal obligations with other important community members.
  • Regardless of their path to power, the emergence of big-men marked another step toward the development of the highly structured and stratified sociopolitical organization called the chiefdom, which would characterize later American Indian tribes.
  • Such similarities could also be the result of reciprocal trade, obligations, or both between local clans that controlled specific territories.