respiratory acidosis

Examples of respiratory acidosis in the following topics:

• Disorders of Acid-Base Balance

  • The process that causes the imbalance is classified based on the etiology of the disturbance (respiratory or metabolic) and the direction of change in pH (acidosis or alkalosis).
  • The phrase "mixed acidosis," for example, refers to metabolic acidosis in conjunction with respiratory acidosis.
  • Respiratory acidosis is a medical condition in which decreased ventilation (hypoventilation) causes increased blood carbon dioxide concentration and decreased pH (a condition generally called acidosis).
  • Acute respiratory acidosis occurs when an abrupt failure of ventilation occurs.
  • A Davenport diagram illustrating the transition from respiratory acidosis to respiratory alkalosis.

• Chemical Composition of Bone

  • The process that causes the imbalance is classified based on the etiology of the disturbance (respiratory or metabolic) and the direction of change in pH (acidosis or alkalosis).
  • The phrase mixed acidosis, for example, refers to metabolic acidosis in conjunction with respiratory acidosis.
  • Respiratory acidosis is a medical condition in which decreased ventilation (hypoventilation) causes an increase in blood carbon dioxide concentration and decreased pH (a condition generally called acidosis).
  • Acute respiratory acidosis occurs when an abrupt failure of ventilation occurs.
  • Differentiate among the acid-base disorders: metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, and respiratory alkalosis

• Acidosis

  • Respiratory acidosis results from a build-up of CO2 in the blood (hypercapnia) due to hypoventilation.
  • One key to distinguish between respiratory and metabolic acidosis is that in respiratory acidosis, the CO2 is increased while the bicarbonate is either normal (uncompensated) or increased (compensated).
  • Compensation occurs if respiratory acidosis is present, and a chronic phase is entered with partial buffering of the acidosis through renal bicarbonate retention.
  • As metabolic bicarbonate production becomes exhausted, and extraneous bicarbonate infusion can no longer reverse the extreme buildup of carbon dioxide associated with uncompensated respiratory acidosis, mechanical ventilation will usually be applied.
  • These symptoms usually accompany symptoms of another primary defect (respiratory or metabolic).

• Alkalosis

  • The opposite condition is acidosis (when pH falls below 7.35).
  • Alkalosis can refer to respiratory alkalosis or metabolic alkalosis.
  • The main cause of respiratory alkalosis is hyperventilation, resulting in a loss of carbon dioxide.
  • Compensatory mechanism for metabolic alkalosis involves slowed breathing by the lungs to increase serum carbon dioxide, a condition leaning toward respiratory acidosis.
  • As respiratory acidosis often accompanies the compensation for metabolic alkalosis, and vice versa, a delicate balance is created between these two conditions.

• The Reason for Breathing

  • The respiratory system facilitates breathing.
  • When the blood becomes acidic, respiratory acidosis occurs, which can cause tissue damage if too severe.
  • Respiratory alkalosis happens when the opposite effect occurs.
  • These feedback mechanisms can fail in people with chronic respiratory diseases like emphysema and bronchitis, or from the side effects of certain drugs, in which acidosis and alkalosis will occur regardless.
  • One of the primary reasons for breathing is to regulate blood pH so that respiratory acidosis and alkalosis don't occur.

• Regulation of H+ by the Lungs

  • The process that causes the imbalance is classified based on the etiology of the disturbance (respiratory or metabolic) and the direction of change in pH (acidosis or alkalosis).
  • There are four basic processes: metabolic acidosis, respiratory acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, and respiratory alkalosis.

• Respiratory Distress Syndrome

  • Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious reaction to various forms of injuries or acute infection to the lung.
  • Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), also known as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) or adult respiratory distress syndrome, is a serious reaction to various forms of injuries or acute infection to the lung.
  • Mechanical ventilation is an essential part of the treatment of ARDS to relieve respiratory muscles of their work, and to protect the usually obtunded patient's airways.
  • This adds up to the impaired oxygenation which is the central problem of ARDS, as well as to respiratory acidosis, which is often caused by ventilation techniques such as permissive hypercapnia which attempt to limit ventilator-induced lung injury in ARDS.

• Functional Anatomy of the Respiratory System

  • The respiratory system include lungs, airways and respiratory muscles.
  • If proper ventilation is not maintained, two opposing conditions could occur: respiratory acidosis (a life threatening condition) and respiratory alkalosis.
  • It is defined as volume of dead space times the respiratory rate.
  • A normal human respiratory rate is 10 to 18 breaths per minute.
  • A complete, schematic view of the human respiratory system with its parts and functions.

• Pressure Changes During Pulmonary Ventilation

  • Ventilation is generally expressed as volume of air times a respiratory rate.
  • The three main types of ventilation rates used in respiratory physiology are:
  • It is defined as $VA=(Tidal Volume-Dead Space Volume)* Respiratory Rate$
  • It is defined as $VD=DeadSpaceVolume*Respiratory Rate$.
  • Additionally, because PaCO2 is an indicator of the concentration of carbon dioxide in arterial blood, it can be used to measure blood pH and identify cases of respiratory acidosis and alkalkosis.

• Chemoreceptor Regulation of Breathing

  • The respiratory chemoreceptors work by sensing the pH of their environment through the concentration of hydrogen ions.
  • They do not desensitize, and have less of an impact on the respiratory rate compared to the central chemoreceptors.
  • For the respiratory rate, the chemoreceptors are the sensors for blood pH, the medulla and pons form the integrating center, and the respiratory muscles are the effector.
  • In cases of acidosis, feedback will increase ventilation to remove more carbon dioxide to reduce the hydrogen ion concentration.
  • The chemoreceptors are the sensors for blood pH, the medulla and pons form the integrating center, and the respiratory muscles are the effector.