the Soninke people

Examples of the Soninke people in the following topics:

• The Ghana Empire

  • According to the tradition of the Soninke people, they migrated to southeastern Mauritania in the 1st century, and as early as around 100 CE created a settlement that would eventually develop into the Ghana Empire.
  • According to al-Bakri, the major part of the city was called El-Ghaba, and was the residence of the king.
  • It contained a sacred grove of trees used for Soninke religious rites in which priests lived.
  • The name of the other section of the city is not recorded.
  • When the Gold Coast in 1957 became the first country in sub-Saharan Africa to regain its independence from colonial rule, it was renamed in honor of the long-gone empire from which the ancestors to the Akan people of modern-day Ghana are thought to have migrated.

• The Germanic Tribes

  • Archeological evidence gives the impression that the Germanic people were becoming more uniform in their culture as early as 750 BCE.
  • As their population grew, the Germanic people migrated westwards into coastal floodplains due to the exhaustion of the soil in their original settlements.
  • West Germanic people eventually settled in central Europe and became more accustomed to agriculture, and it is the various western Germanic people that are described by Caesar and Tacitus.
  • Meanwhile, the eastern Germanic people continued their migratory habits.
  • Essentially, Roman civilization was overrun by these variants of Germanic peoples during the 5th century.

• The Mixtec

  • People still identify as Mixtec today.
  • The Mixtec are indigenous Mesoamerican peoples inhabiting the region known as La Mixteca, which covers parts of the Mexican states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla.
  • Today there are approximately 800,000 Mixtec people in Mexico, and there are also large populations in the United States.
  • The word "Mixtec" is often used to refer not to the group of people of Mixtec ancestry, but to the family of languages that have developed alongside the group.
  • Distinguish between the Mixtec people and the Mixtec language and identify when they were most prominent

• The Rise of Egyptian Civilization

  • They appeared to be settled people, descended from the Khormusan people, and spawned the Ibero-Marusian industry.
  • These people were likely residents of Libya who were pushed into the Nile Valley due to desiccation in the Sahara.
  • Expansion of the Sahara desert forced more people to settle around the Nile in a sedentary, agriculture-based lifestyle.
  • Weaving occurred for the first time in this period, and people buried their dead close to or within their settlements.
  • People lived in huts, and had undecorated pottery and stone tools.

• Namibia

  • Both the San and the Nama were Khoisan peoples, and spoke languages from the Khoisan language group.
  • The Damara do not relate to the other Khoisan peoples, although they share a similar language.
  • During the 17th century, the Herero, a pastoral, nomadic people keeping cattle, moved into Namibia.
  • In the 19th century white farmers, mostly Boers, moved farther north, pushing the indigenous Khoisan peoples, who put up a fierce resistance, across the Orange River.
  • During the 17th century the Herero, a pastoral, nomadic people keeping cattle, moved into Namibia.

• The Hittites

  • The Hittites were an ancient Anatolian people of the Bronze Age, who manufactured advanced iron goods, ruled through government officials with independent authority over various branches of government, and worshipped storm gods.
  • The Hittites were an ancient Anatolian people who established an empire at Hattusa in north-central Anatolia around 1600 BCE.
  • The Hittites are usually depicted as a people living among the Israelites—Abraham purchases the Patriarchal burial-plot from "Ephron HaChiti" (Ephron the Hittite), and Hittites serve as high military officers in David's army.
  • In 2 Kings 7:6, they are depicted as a people with their own kingdoms.
  • After 1180 BCE, amid general turmoil in the Levant associated with the sudden arrival of the Sea Peoples, the kingdom disintegrated into several independent "Neo-Hittite" city-states.

• Bornu Empire

  • But many people resisted the new religion, favoring traditional beliefs and practices.
  • Finally, around 1380, the Bulala forced Mai Umar Idrismi to abandon Njimi and move the Kanembu people to Bornu on the western edge of Lake Chad.
  • Over time, the intermarriage of the Kanembu and Bornu peoples created a new people and language, the Kanuri.
  • Government revenue came from tribute (or booty, if the recalcitrant people had to be conquered), sales of slaves, and duties on and participation in trans-Saharan trade.
  • Around that time, Fulani people, invading from the west, were able to make major inroads into Bornu.

• The Black Death

  • The Black Death was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75–200 million people and peaking in Europe in the years 1348–1350.
  • The plague initially spread to humans near the Black Sea and then outwards to the rest of Europe as a result of people fleeing from one area to another.
  • Since people didn't have the knowledge to understand the plague, people believed it was a punishment from God.
  • The uncertainty of daily survival has been seen as creating a general mood of morbidity, influencing people to "live for the moment."
  • Such works of art were produced under the impact of the Black Death, reminding people of how fragile their lives and how vain the glories of earthly life were.

• The Indo-Aryan Migration and the Vedic Period

  • Different theories explain the Vedic Period, c. 1200 BCE, when Indo-Aryan people on the Indian subcontinent migrated to the Ganges Plain.
  • Scholars debate the origin of Indo-Aryan peoples in northern India.
  • Other origin hypotheses include an Indo-Aryan Migration in the period 1800-1500 BCE, and a fusion of the nomadic people known as Kurgans.
  • The most prominent of these groups spoke Indo-European languages and were called Aryans, or "noble people" in the Sanskrit language.
  • The Kurgan people may have been mobile because of their domestication of horses and later use of the chariot.

• Establishment of the National Assembly

  • On June 17, with the failure of efforts to reconcile the three estates, the Third Estate declared themselves redefined as the National Assembly, an assembly not of the estates, but of the people.
  • The leading forces of the Assembly at this time were: the conservative foes of the revolution (later known as "The Right"); the Monarchiens ("Monarchists," also called "Democratic Royalists") allied with Jacques Necker and inclined toward arranging France along lines similar to the British constitution model; and "the Left" (also called "National Party") - a group still relatively united in support of revolution and democracy, representing mainly the interests of the middle classes but strongly sympathetic to the broader range of the common people.
  • In it, he argues that the Third Estate – the common people of France – constituted a complete nation within itself and had no need of the "dead weight" of the two other orders, the clergy and aristocracy.
  • Sieyès stated that the people wanted genuine representatives in the Estates-General, equal representation to the other two orders taken together, and votes taken by heads and not by orders.
  • The oath was both a revolutionary act and an assertion that political authority derived from the people and their representatives rather than from the monarch himself.