Chapter 23
Organic Chemistry
By Boundless
![Thumbnail](../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/30146/square/octane molecule.jpg)
Alkanes are relatively unreactive hydrocarbons that contain no double or triple bonds in their carbon skeletons.
![Thumbnail](../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/12343/square/russian-cracking.jpeg)
Alkanes are generally unreactive, but can participate in oxidation, halogenation, and cracking reactions.
![Thumbnail](../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/30147/square/3-ethyl hexane.jpg)
Hydrocarbon structures can be drawn from the IUPAC names of chemical compounds by starting with the carbon backbone and adding substituents.
![Thumbnail](../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/30263/square/decahydronaphthalene.jpg)
Cycloalkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain a ring in their carbon backbones.
![Thumbnail](../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/12341/square/alkene-nomenclature.jpg)
Alkenes and alkynes are named similarly to alkanes, based on the longest chain that contains the double or triple bond.
![Thumbnail](../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/12339/square/ethylene-3d-vdw.jpg)
Due to the presence of a double bond in their carbon skeletons, alkenes are more reactive than their related alkanes.
![Thumbnail](../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/30133/square/diels-alder_(1,3-butadiene_-_ethylene).jpg)
Alkenes and alkynes are more reactive than alkanes due to their pi bonds.
![Thumbnail](../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/12348/raw/p-xylene.jpg)
Aromatic compounds are named based on the number and type of substituents on the ring.
![Thumbnail](../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/12346/square/nzene-resonance-structures.jpg)
Aromatic compounds are ring structures with delocalized
![Thumbnail](../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/12347/raw/esis-5-nitrosalicylic-acid.jpg)
Aromatic compounds can participate in a range of reactions including substitution, coupling, and hydrogenation reactions.
![Thumbnail](../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/15165/square/alcohol-examples.gif)
Functional groups refer to specific atoms bonded in a certain arrangement that give a compound certain physical and chemical properties.
![Thumbnail](../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/12299/raw/alcohol-general.jpg)
Alcohols are functional groups characterized by the presence of an -OH group.
![Thumbnail](../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/30134/square/429px-tetrahydrofuran.jpg.jpg)
Ethers are a class of organic compounds characterized by an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups.
![Thumbnail](../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/12312/square/enol.jpg)
Aldehydes and ketones are classes of organic compounds that contain a carbonyl (C=O) group.
![Thumbnail](../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/23782/raw/carboxylic-acid.jpg)
Carboxylic acids are organic acids that contain a carbon atom that participates in both a hydroxyl and a carbonyl functional group.
![Thumbnail](../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/13861/raw/ethylethanoate-parts.jpg)
Esters are functional groups produced from the condensation of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid, and are named based on these components.
![Thumbnail](../../../../../figures.boundless-cdn.com/12387/raw/amine-2d-general.jpg)
Amines are compounds characterized by the presence of a nitrogen atom, a lone pair of electrons, and three substituents.