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HPV-Associated Cancer Trends Among Women by Year

The rate of people getting HPV-associated cancers varies by year and type of cancer. “Incidence rate” means how many people out of a given number get the disease each year.

*Note: This study used cancer registry data to estimate the amount of HPV-associated cancer in the United States by examining cancer in parts of the body and cancer cell types that are more likely to be caused by HPV. Cancer registries do not collect data on the presence or absence of HPV in cancer tissue at the time of diagnosis. In general, HPV is thought to be responsible for more than 90% of anal and cervical cancers; more than 50% of vaginal, vulvar, and penile cancers; and 60% to 70% of oropharyngeal cancers.

Number of HPV-Associated Cancers Among Women by Year and Cancer Site, United States, 2003–2013

This graph shows the number of HPV-associated cancers among women by year and cancer site in the United States from 2003 to 2013. Among women diagnosed with HPV-associated cervical cancer, there were 11,994 cases in 2003, 11,845 in 2004, 12,036 in 2005, 11,969 in 2006, 12,021 in 2007, 11,974 in 2008, 12,134 in 2009, 11,723 in 2010, 11,680 in 2011, 11,552 in 2012, and 11,376 in 2013. Among women diagnosed with HPV-associated vaginal cancer, there were 699 cases in 2003, 754 in 2004, 671 in 2005, 738 in 2006, 753 in 2007, 770 in 2008, 798 in 2009, 818 in 2010, 779 in 2011, 865 in 2012, and 835 in 2013. Among women diagnosed with HPV-associated vulvar cancer, there were 2,866 cases in 2003, 2,929 in 2004, 3,044 in 2005, 3,154 in 2006, 3,314 in 2007, 3,344 in 2008, 3,482 in 2009, 3,523 in 2010, 3,700 in 2011, 3,804 in 2012, and 3,844 in 2013. Among women diagnosed with HPV-associated anal cancer, there were 2,250 cases in 2003, 2,415 in 2004, 2,490 in 2005, 2,566 in 2006, 2,841 in 2007, 2,956 in 2008, 3,269 in 2009, 3,228 in 2010, 3,403 in 2011, 3,529 in 2012, and 3,653 in 2013. Among women diagnosed with HPV-associated rectal cancer, there were 412 cases in 2003, 439 in 2004, 429 in 2005, 434 in 2006, 470 in 2007, 493 in 2008, 498 in 2009, 524 in 2010, 536 in 2011, 521 in 2012, 562 in 2013. Among women diagnosed with HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer, there were 2,521 cases in 2003, 2,434 in 2004, 2,682 in 2005, 2,687 in 2006, 2,768 in 2007, 2,918 in 2008, 2,964 in 2009, 3,130 in 2010, 3,294 in 2011, 3,247 in 2012, and 3,381 in 2013.

HPV-Associated Cancer Rates Among Women by Year and Cancer Site, United States, 2003–2013

This graph shows the rates of HPV-associated cancers among women by year and cancer site in the United States from 2003 to 2013. The rates for women diagnosed with HPV-associated cervical cancer decreased from 2003 to 2013 and were 8.01 cases per 100,000 women in 2003, 7.83 in 2004, 7.89 in 2005, 7.78 in 2006, 7.73 in 2007, 7.62 in 2008, 7.68 in 2009, 7.32 in 2010, 7.23 in 2011, 7.10 in 2012, and 6.92 in 2013. The rates for women diagnosed with HPV-associated vaginal cancer were stable from 2003 to 2013 and were 0.43 cases per 100,000 women in 2003, 0.46 in 2004, 0.40 in 2005, 0.43 in 2006, 0.43 in 2007, 0.44 in 2008, 0.45 in 2009, 0.45 in 2010, 0.42 in 2011, 0.46 in 2012, and 0.43 in 2013. The rates for women diagnosed with HPV-associated vulvar cancer increased from 2003 to 2013 and were 1.77 cases per 100,000 women in 2003, 1.79 in 2004, 1.82 in 2005, 1.87 in 2006, 1.94 in 2007, 1.92 in 2008, 1.97 in 2009, 1.95 in 2010, 2.02 in 2011, 2.04 in 2012, and 2.01 in 2013. The rates for women diagnosed with HPV-associated anal cancer increased from 2003 to 2013 and were 1.42 cases per 100,000 women in 2003, 1.50 in 2004, 1.52 in 2005, 1.53 in 2006, 1.66 in 2007, 1.70 in 2008, 1.83 in 2009, 1.77 in 2010, 1.83 in 2011, 1.86 in 2012, and 1.88 in 2013. The rates for women diagnosed with HPV-associated rectal cancer increased slightly from 2003 to 2013 and were 0.26 cases per 100,000 women in 2003, 0.27 in 2004, 0.26 in 2005, 0.26 in 2006, 0.28 in 2007, 0.28 in 2008, 0.28 in 2009, 0.28 in 2010, 0.28 in 2011, 0.27 in 2012, and 0.29 in 2013. The rates for women diagnosed with HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer increased from 2003 to 2013 and were 1.59 cases per 100,000 women in 2003, 1.51 in 2004, 1.63 in 2005, 1.60 in 2006, 1.62 in 2007, 1.67 in 2008, 1.66 in 2009, 1.72 in 2010, 1.77 in 2011, 1.70 in 2012, and 1.74 in 2013.

Rates were per 100,000 and age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. Standard Population (19 age groups — Census P25-1130) standard.

Data are from population-based cancer registries participating in the CDC National Program of Cancer Registries and/or the NCI Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, meeting criteria for high data quality for all years 2003–2013, and covering about 99% of the U.S. population.

HPV-associated cancers were defined as cancers at specific anatomic sites and with specific cellular types in which HPV DNA frequently is found. All cancers were confirmed histologically. Cervical cancers (ICD-O-3 site codes C53.0–C53.9) are limited to carcinomas (ICD-O-3 histology codes 8010–8671, 8940–8941). Vaginal (ICD-O-3 site code C52.9), vulvar (ICD-O-3 site codes C51.0–C51.9), penile (ICD-O-3 site codes C60.0–60.9), anal (ICD-O-3 site code C21.0–C21.9), rectal (ICD-O-3 site code C20.9) and oropharyngeal (ICD-O-3 site codes C01.9, C02.4, C02.8, C05.1, C05.2, C09.0, C09.1, C09.8, C09.9, C10.0, C10.1, C10.2, C10.3, C10.4, C10.8, C10.9, C14.0, C14.2 and C14.8) cancer sites are limited to squamous cell carcinomas (ICD-O-3 histology codes 8050–8084, 8120–8131).

Reference

Viens LJ, Henley SJ, Watson M, Markowitz LE, Thomas CC, Thompson TD, Razzaghi H, Saraiya M, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Human papillomavirus–associated cancers—United States, 2008–2012. MMWR 2016;65(26):661–666.

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