Eccrine carcinoma

Eccrine carcinoma
Other names: Syringoid carcinoma
Eccrine carcinoma, alveolar type
SpecialtyDermatology

Eccrine carcinoma is a rare skin condition characterized by a plaque or nodule on the scalp, trunk, or extremities.[1]: 669  It originates from the eccrine sweat glands of the skin, accounting for less than 0.01% of diagnosed cutaneous malignancies.[2] Eccrine carcinoma tumors are locally aggressive with a high rate of recurrence. Lack of reliable immunohistochemical markers and similarity to other common tumors has made identification of eccrine carcinoma difficult.[2]

Types

Eccrine carcinoma tumors consist of two types: malignant and benign. Malignant tumors include porocarcinoma, hidradenocarcinoma, malignant spiradenoma carcinoma, malignant cylindroma, syringoid eccrine carcinoma, microcystic adnexal carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and ductal papillary adenocarcinoma.[2] Benign tumors include poroma, hidradenoma, spiradenoma, cylindroma, syringometaplasia, syringoma, syringofibroadenoma, and chondroid syringoma.[2] Other tumors not classified include eccrine ductal carcinoma, basaloid eccrine carcinoma, clear cell eccrine carcinoma and non-specified sweat gland carcinomas.[2]

Symptoms and signs

Ulcerative and bourgeoning mass 15 cm with bleeding and purulent features

Eccrine carcinoma results in brown, bluish, erythematous skin lesions across the body. Common regions where lesions are found are in the lower extremities (35%), head and neck (24%), and upper extremities (14%).[3][4]

Complications

Metastases and/or antagonistic side effects can occur after surgical excision of tumors.[2]

Causes

There is no research yet as to what causes Eccrine carcinoma.[2]

Diagnosis

A skin biopsy is the common test used to diagnose Eccrine Carcinoma.[2] The biopsy will detect growth of new or abnormal tissue. Another test that can be performed is using Immunohistochemistry, but it is inconsistent.[2] Markers used to detect Eccrine Carcinoma consist of carcinoembryonic antigen, progesterone receptors, estrogen receptors, epithelial membrane antigen, pancytokeratins, and cytokeratin 7.[5][6]

Treatment

Treatment requires surgical excision of tumors brought upon by Eccrine Carcinoma.[7] To treat lesions, chemotherapy and radiation therapy have been used.[8]

Prognosis

Eccrine carcinoma has a relative mortality rate of 80%, and the 10-year overall survival rate is 9%.[3]

Frequency

Eccrine carcinoma accounts for 0.005-0.01% of diagnosed cutaneous malignancies.[9]

See also

References

  1. ↑ James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kaseb, Hatem; Babiker, Hani M. (2020), "Cancer, An Overview of Eccrine Carcinoma", StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing, PMID 31082086, archived from the original on 2021-09-02, retrieved 2020-04-22
  3. 1 2 Larson, Kristian; Babiker, Hani M.; Kovoor, Andrew; Liau, Joy; Eldersveld, Jordan; Elquza, Emad (2018). "Oral Capecitabine Achieves Response in Metastatic Eccrine Carcinoma". Case Reports in Oncological Medicine. 2018: 1–5. doi:10.1155/2018/7127048. ISSN 2090-6706. PMC 5852884. PMID 29686913.
  4. ↑ Idrissi Serhrouchni, Karima; Harmouch, Taoufiq; Chbani, Laila; El Fatemi, Hind; Sekal, Mohammed; Hammas, Nawal; Soughi, Meriem; Benchat, Loubna; Amarti, Afaf (2013-02-04). "Eccrine carcinoma: a rare cutaneous neoplasm". Diagnostic Pathology. 8 (1): 15. doi:10.1186/1746-1596-8-15. ISSN 1746-1596. PMC 3570399. PMID 23379908.
  5. ↑ Swanson, P. E.; Cherwitz, D. L.; Neumann, M. P.; Wick, M. R. (1987–2004). "Eccrine sweat gland carcinoma: an histologic and immunohistochemical study of 32 cases*". Journal of Cutaneous Pathology. 14 (2): 65–86. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.1987.tb00477.x. ISSN 0303-6987. PMID 2439558. S2CID 1897717.
  6. ↑ Ohnishi, Takamitsu; Kaneko, Sakae; Egi, Motoko; Takizawa, Hajime; Watanabe, Shinichi (2002–2010). "Syringoid Eccrine Carcinoma". The American Journal of Dermatopathology. 24 (5): 409–413. doi:10.1097/00000372-200210000-00007. ISSN 0193-1091. PMID 12357203. S2CID 20147934.
  7. ↑ Moy, Ronald L.; Rivkin, Jonathan E.; Lee, Hyo; Brooks, Walter S.; Zitelli, John A. (1991–2005). "Syringoid eccrine carcinoma". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 24 (5): 857–860. doi:10.1016/0190-9622(91)70133-m. ISSN 0190-9622. PMID 2050853.
  8. ↑ Sidiropoulos, M.; Sade, S.; Al-Habeeb, A.; Ghazarian, D. (2011-06-04). "Syringoid eccrine carcinoma: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of four cases". Journal of Clinical Pathology. 64 (9): 788–792. doi:10.1136/jclinpath-2011-200069. ISSN 0021-9746. PMID 21642659. S2CID 46508699.
  9. ↑ Salih, Abdulwahid M.; Kakamad, F.H.; Essa, Rawand A.; Rauf, Goran M.; S.A., Masrur; H.M., Shvan; Q.S., Rawezh; A.H., Hunar; A.H., Dahat; Othman, Snur (2017). "Porocarcinoma: A systematic review of literature with a single case report". International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. 30: 13–16. doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2016.10.051. ISSN 2210-2612. PMC 5128823. PMID 27898349.
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