Mucosal melanoma

Mucosal Melanoma
Acute radiation mucositis at the palate and acute radiation dermatitis were observed, both of which were classified as grade 2 based on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. a Grade 2 acute radiation mucositis occurred shortly after carbon ion radiotherapy administration. b Grade 2 acute radiation dermatitis occurred 2 weeks after carbon ion radiotherapy administration
Pronunciation
  • \ myü-ˈkō-zəl, \ ˌme-lə-ˈnō-mə
SpecialtyOncology, pathology, dermatology, gynecology, gastroenterology
Symptomsmalaise, fatigue, bleeding, diarrhea, constipation, nose bleeds, skin discoloration, itching, discharge, ulcers, anosmia, hyposmia, skin irritation, canker sores, bloody stools, bloody urine, gum disease, rosacea
Complicationsdistant and/or microscopic metastasis
Typesmucosal melanoma of the head and neck, vulvar melanoma, vaginal melanoma, anorectal melanoma
Causessmoking, carcinogens, genetics, chemicals, CID, HIV
Diagnostic methodbiopsy, colonoscopy
Treatmentradiation, chemotherapy, surgery

Mucosal melanoma is a rare condition characterized by a melanoma of the mucous membranes. This subtype is associated a worse prognosis than those arising from the skin.[1]: 696 [2] Mucosal melanomas occur in the head and neck (55%), anorectal (24%) and vulvovaginal region (18%), and in the urinary tract (3%).[3] Based on the histopathologic and clinical features, melanomas of the vulva and vagina are often considered a separate disease entity.[4] The prognosis of vulvovaginal melanomas is poor, especially for vaginal melanomas and has not improved over the last decades.[5] While chemotherapy does not improve survival, checkpoint inhibitors have been tested in mucosal melanomas and have shown promising response rates.[6][7]

See also

References

  1. ↑ James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6.
  2. ↑ Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
  3. ↑ Chang AE, Karnell LH, Menck HR (October 1998). "The National Cancer Data Base report on cutaneous and noncutaneous melanoma: a summary of 84,836 cases from the past decade. The American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer and the American Cancer Society". Cancer. 83 (8): 1664–78. doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19981015)83:8<1664::aid-cncr23>3.0.co;2-g. hdl:2027.42/34348. PMID 9781962.
  4. ↑ Wohlmuth C, Wohlmuth-Wieser I (December 2019). "Vulvar malignancies: an interdisciplinary perspective". J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 17 (12): 1257–1276. doi:10.1111/ddg.13995. PMID 31829526.
  5. ↑ Wohlmuth C, Wohlmuth-Wieser I, May T, Vicus D, Gien LT, Laframboise S (November 2019). "Malignant Melanoma of the Vulva and Vagina: A US Population-Based Study of 1863 Patients". American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. doi:10.1007/s40257-019-00487-x. PMID 31784896.
  6. ↑ Hamid, Omid; Robert, Caroline; Ribas, Antoni; Hodi, F. Stephen; Walpole, Euan; Daud, Adil; Arance, Ana S.; Brown, Ewan; Hoeller, Christoph; Mortier, Laurent; Schachter, Jacob (September 2018). "Antitumour activity of pembrolizumab in advanced mucosal melanoma: a post-hoc analysis of KEYNOTE-001, 002, 006". British Journal of Cancer. 119 (6): 670–674. doi:10.1038/s41416-018-0207-6. ISSN 1532-1827. PMC 6173747. PMID 30202085. Archived from the original on 2021-09-23. Retrieved 2021-04-06.
  7. ↑ Wohlmuth, Christoph; Wohlmuth-Wieser, Iris; Laframboise, Stéphane (2020-11-24). "Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Response With Checkpoint Inhibitors in Malignant Melanoma of the Vulva and Vagina". Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease. doi:10.1097/LGT.0000000000000583. ISSN 1526-0976. PMC 7984764. PMID 33252450. Archived from the original on 2021-09-23. Retrieved 2021-04-06.
Classification


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