Neokaryotes

Neokaryotes
Amoeba proteus, visible are the contractile vacuole (circular) and the nucleus (somewhat dumbbell-shaped)
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
(unranked):
Orthokaryotes
(unranked):
Neokaryotes
Clades

The neokaryotes (Cavalier-Smith 1993) are a proposed eukaryote clade consisting of the unikonts and the bikonts as sister of for instance the Jakobea. It arises because the Euglenozoa, Percolozoa, Tsukubea, and Jakobea are seen in this view as more basal eukaryotes. These four groups, are traditionally grouped together in the Discoba. However, the Discoba may well be paraphyletic as the neokaryotes may have emerged in them.[1]

Taxonomy

A proposed cladogram is[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]

Eukaryota
 

Tsukubea

 
 
Discicristata
 

Euglenozoa

 
 

Percolozoa

 
 
Orthokaryotes
 

Jakobea

 
Neokaryotes
Corticata/Diaphoretickes/
 

Archaeplastida

 
Chromista
 

Hacrobia

 
 

SAR

 
 
Bikont
Scotokaryotes/Opimoda/Neozoa
 

Metamonada

 
 
 

Malawimonas

 
Sulcozoa/Podiata/
 

CRuMs

 
Amorphea/
 

Amoebozoa

 
Obazoa
 

Breviata

 
 
 

Apusomonadida

 
 

Opisthokonta/Choanozoa

 
 
 
Unikont
Sarcomastigota
 
 
 
 
 
 

References

  1. ↑ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2013-05-01). "Early evolution of eukaryote feeding modes, cell structural diversity, and classification of the protozoan phyla Loukozoa, Sulcozoa, and Choanozoa". European Journal of Protistology. 49 (2): 115–178. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2012.06.001. PMID 23085100.
  2. ↑ Derelle, Romain; Torruella, Guifré; Klimeš, Vladimír; Brinkmann, Henner; Kim, Eunsoo; Vlček, Čestmír; Lang, B. Franz; Eliáš, Marek (2015-02-17). "Bacterial proteins pinpoint a single eukaryotic root". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (7): E693–E699. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112E.693D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1420657112. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4343179. PMID 25646484.
  3. ↑ Cavalier-Smith, T.; Chao, E. E.; Snell, E. A.; Berney, C.; Fiore-Donno, A. M.; Lewis, R. (2014). "Multigene eukaryote phylogeny reveals the likely protozoan ancestors of opisthokonts (animals, fungi, choanozoans) and Amoebozoa". Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 81: 71–85. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.012. PMID 25152275.
  4. ↑ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2010-06-23). "Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree". Biology Letters. 6 (3): 342–345. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0948. ISSN 1744-9561. PMC 2880060. PMID 20031978.
  5. ↑ He, Ding; Fiz-Palacios, Omar; Fu, Cheng-Jie; Fehling, Johanna; Tsai, Chun-Chieh; Baldauf, Sandra L. (2014). "An Alternative Root for the Eukaryote Tree of Life". Current Biology. 24 (4): 465–470. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.01.036. PMID 24508168.
  6. ↑ Cavelier Smith (2013). "Early evolution of eukaryote feeding modes, cell structural diversity, and classification of the protozoan phyla Loukozoa, Sulcozoa, and Choanozoa". European Journal of Protistology. 49 (2): 115–178. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2012.06.001. PMID 23085100.
  7. ↑ Hug, Laura A.; Baker, Brett J.; Anantharaman, Karthik; Brown, Christopher T.; Probst, Alexander J.; Castelle, Cindy J.; Butterfield, Cristina N.; Hernsdorf, Alex W.; Amano, Yuki (2016-04-11). "A new view of the tree of life". Nature Microbiology. 1 (5): 16048. doi:10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.48. ISSN 2058-5276. PMID 27572647.
  8. ↑ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Chao, Ema E.; Lewis, Rhodri (2016-06-01). "187-gene phylogeny of protozoan phylum Amoebozoa reveals a new class (Cutosea) of deep-branching, ultrastructurally unique, enveloped marine Lobosa and clarifies amoeba evolution". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 99: 275–296. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.03.023. PMID 27001604.
  9. ↑ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2017-09-05). "Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences". Protoplasma. 255 (1): 297–357. doi:10.1007/s00709-017-1147-3. ISSN 0033-183X. PMC 5756292. PMID 28875267.


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