How to Use "I" Language

Last Updated: February 11, 2023 References

Using "I" language, also known as “I” statements, is a way to express your thoughts and feelings in an assertive, non-aggressive way. “I” statements tend to make people feel less defensive and more willing to listen. This can be helpful for defusing conflicts and asserting yourself in a polite way. You can easily learn how to develop “I” language statements, phrase them for the best results, and use other effective communication strategies to get your message across.

Method 1

Method 1 of 3:

Phrasing an “I” Language Statement

1
Use the "When _____, I ______" format to express your feelings in a simple way. Once you figured out what you want to say to the other person, you can plug it into a template, such as the "When _____, I ______" template. This is a simple way to put your feelings into an “I” language statement.^{[1]
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- "When I come home from a long day at work and see dirty dishes in the sink, I feel overwhelmed and unappreciated."
- "When you tell jokes about immigrants, I feel really uncomfortable and insulted. I feel like I'm not welcome in my own country, regardless of my individual heritage, because of my race."
2
Ask for what you would like in the future. Once you have expressed your feelings on a subject, you can add on another “I” statement to express what you hope the person will do moving forward. This will help to reduce the chances of a future conflict, and possibly also bring about a resolution to the current conflict.
- For example, you might say something like, “In the future, could you please load the dishwasher before I get home from work so I can make dinner right away?”
- Or, you might say, “I would appreciate it if you could avoid telling those kinds of jokes in my presence.”
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3
Avoid common mistakes in asserting yourself. There are some common mistakes that people make when they are forming “I” statements, but you can easily avoid these by being aware of what they are. Some things to steer clear of in your “I” statements include:^{[2]
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- Using absolutes, such as “always” or “never.”
- Telling the person what they “should” or “ought” to have done.
- Labeling the person or their actions with words like “weird,” “crazy,” or “stupid.”
- Starting with “you” or saying “I feel like you…”^{[3]
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- Don't worry if you make a mistake when you are just learning to use "I" statements. Try to learn from the mistake moving forward to improve your communication skills.
Tip: Try to remove all accusations with the word "you." For example, turn "you don't love me" into "sometimes, I don't feel loved." Someone can argue about whether they love you. But if the problem is your feelings, then the two of you can focus on how to help with those feelings.

Method 2

Method 2 of 3:

Developing an “I” Language Statement

1
Take a few minutes to reflect on your feelings. If you don't know what you're feeling, you will not be able to articulate that to another person in a conversation. Take a minute to reflect on what it is that you are feeling, why you feel that way, and what you need from the other person. Once you understand these things, it will be easier for you to develop “I” language to explain yourself.
- Try writing freely about how you feel and why. Write in a journal, using a notepad app on your phone, or just on a scrap of paper.
- If you prefer to talk it out, call up a friend or family member who is supportive and trustworthy.
- You can even draw to express your feelings if you prefer. Get out a piece of paper and a pencil or some crayons and draw what happened and how it made you feel.
2
Identify the situation and express how it makes you feel. Figure out what has happened and how you feel as a result. Identify if the person you need to talk with has done something or failed to do something that has affected you in some way. Pinpoint what the person has done or failed to do, and how that makes you feel.^{[4]
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Expert Source

Christy Irvine, PhD
Licensed Clinical Psychologist
Expert Interview. 9 April 2021.}
- For example, if your significant other was supposed to call you at a certain time and they failed to do so, then you might be feeling hurt, sad, or angry as a result.
- If the person is a coworker who is behind on a project you are working on together, then you might feel frustrated about the roadblock it's creating or worried about the consequences of the delay.
3
Describe the other person’s behavior and how it affects you. Next, take a moment to describe the person’s action and its effects in a short phrase or sentence. This is important so that you are totally clear on the issue. Try to keep this description as simple as possible.^{[5]
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- For example, you might write something like, “John did not call me when he said he would and I was worried something might have happened to him.”
- Or, in the situation with a coworker, you might write, “Sarah is behind on the project we are working on together and I can’t finish my part without her information.”
4
Say how you feel and why you feel this way. Next, focus on the emotions associated with the person’s actions. “I” statements are meant to allow you to convey your emotions to another person without putting them on the defensive. To do this, you need to get crystal clear on what it is you are feeling.
- For example, as a result of John not calling you, you might write, “I felt worried when he didn’t call, but now that I know he’s okay, I feel hurt that he forgot to call me.”
- In the case of your coworker, you might simply write, “I feel stressed because my work is being held up.”
5
Identify what you expect from the other person going forward. The final thing you need to consider when developing your “I” statement is what you need the other person to do moving forward. The goal of this is to find a solution to the problem and hopefully prevent a similar issue in the future.^{[6]
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- In the case of John not calling, you might write, “In the future, I would like it if John would make sure to call me when he says he will.”
- In the case of your coworker, you might write, “I need Sarah to get her information to me as soon as possible.”
6
Turn your notes into an “I” language statement. Once you have thoroughly examined the situation, your feelings, and your expectations for the future, turn these notes into a simple “I” statement. Start by saying how you feel, why you feel that way, and what you expect or need.^{[7]
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- For example, you might tell John, "I'm feeling upset because I didn’t hear from you last night. I was worried that something happened to you. Please make sure to call me next time we schedule a phone call so I won’t be worried.”
- Or, in an email to Sarah, you might write, “Hey, Sarah. I want to touch base about that information we talked about last week. I’m a little concerned because I need to take care of this task that I’ve been assigned, but I can’t make any progress until I get the information from that report you’re working on. Can you please send it over to me as soon as possible?”

Method 3

Method 3 of 3:

Communicating Effectively with “I” Language

1
Try to have the conversation during a calm time when the other person is ready to listen. If they're in a rush, distracted, or exhausted, then they might not be able to listen well. Aim for a low-tension time when the person can focus on hearing you.
- If you aren't sure whether it's a good time, ask "Is this a good time to talk?" And if it's not, then ask when would be a good time.
- If one or both of you are upset, it's best to try later. Politely step back and try again when both of you can think straight.
2
Take a deep breath and try to relax before you deliver an “I” statement. If you notice that you are feeling angry, anxious, or otherwise upset, take a minute to calm yourself before you address the person. They will be more receptive to your words if you seem calm, and it will also be easier for you to get your point across if you are calm. Try taking a few deep breaths before you speak.^{[8]
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Trustworthy Source
American Psychological Association
Leading scientific and professional organization of licensed psychologists
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- You might also want to plan the conversation for a time when you will both be relaxed and have time to talk. Choose a pleasant setting such as while you’re relaxing after dinner or during a walk.
3
Rehearse what you’re going to say in your mind or out loud. If you’re feeling nervous, practicing the “I” statement you have developed may help you to feel more confident. Try saying it out loud a few times in front of a mirror, while driving or walking by yourself, or to a friend or family member. This can also help you to make the statement sound more natural.^{[9]
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HelpGuide
Nonprofit organization dedicated to providing free, evidence-based mental health and wellness resources.
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- Remember that you have a right to express your feelings and needs, and you’re not making any accusations or casting blame with your “I” statement. You are simply looking for solutions to improve your personal or working relationship with the person.
4
Listen to the other person’s response after you deliver the “I” statement. Just as you have the right and ability to open up about your feelings, it's important that they have the opportunity to express theirs. Listen closely to the other person’s point of view and try to understand their perspective.^{[10]
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HelpGuide
Nonprofit organization dedicated to providing free, evidence-based mental health and wellness resources.
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- Keep in mind that the other person might not use “I” language. If they start to make “you” statements, don’t follow suit. Continue to speak to them using “I” statements to defuse the situation and model good communication for them.
5
Try to solve the problem as a team. A "me versus you" approach is conflict-heavy and can cause the other person to dig in their heels. Instead, aim for an "us versus the problem" approach. Working as a team means hearing their side of the story and looking for answers together. Look for insights in what they say and work together to fix things.
- Sometimes that might mean adjusting your behavior a little too. For example, you might agree that you'll call or text your boyfriend instead of stewing on it. Meanwhile, he'll work on remembering and also answering if you call or text.

Community Q&A

Question

What are the examples of "you" language?

Community Answer

An example of "you" language would be something like, "You never texted me a 'got home safe' message. You're such a jerk." It's the way people most often react in the spur of the moment when they are upset about something. "You" language expresses judgment of the other person and can arouse defensiveness.
Question

In the middle of a conversation when communicating with "I" language I sometimes get emotional and can't contain my tears. What should I do to deal with this?

Community Answer

Take a few deep breaths while communicating and think of a calming memory. This can help ease your emotional distress and help you speak clearly. If this doesn't help much, excuse yourself for a few minutes and ask if you can communicate another time when you feel calmer.