1929 in paleontology

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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1929.

Plants

Ferns and fern allies

Name	Novelty	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Asplenium occidentale[2]	Sp nov	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A spleenwort species.
Woodsia bonseri[2]	Sp nov	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A woodsia fern species.
Woodwardia praeradicans[2]	Sp nov	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A chain fern species.

Conifers

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Pinus latahensis[2]	Sp nov	Valid	Berry	Eocene Ypresian	Klondike Mountain Formation	USA Washington	A 5-needle pine species	Pinus latahensis
Pinus macrophylla[2]	Sp nov	Homonym	Berry	Eocene Ypresian	Klondike Mountain Formation	USA Washington	A 3-needle pine species. Jr homonym of Pinus macrophylla Lindley, 1839	Pinus macrophylla
Pinus monticolensis[2]	Sp nov	Valid	Berry	Eocene Ypresian	Klondike Mountain Formation	USA Washington	A pine seed morphospecies	Pinus monticolensis
Pinus tetrafolia[2]	Sp nov	nomen dubium	Berry	Eocene Ypresian	Klondike Mountain Formation	USA Washington	A punitive 4-needle pine species Noted by Berry as "highly improbable that this should represent a distinct botanic species"
Tsuga latahensis[2]	Sp nov	Valid	Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A spruce cone species

Flowering plants

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Aesculus hesperia[2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A horse chestnut species
Alnus elliptica[2]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Berry	Eocene Ypresian	Klondike Mountain Formation	USA Washington	An alder species Synonymized into Alnus parvifolia (1987)[3]	Alnus parvifolia
Alnus prerhombifolia[2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	An alder species Synonymized into Alnus carpinoides (1937) Synonymized into Alnus hollandiana (1959)
Apocynophyllum latahense[2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A apocynaceous species
Arctostaphylos knowltoni[2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A bearberry species
Arctostaphylos spatulata[2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A bearberry species
Carpolithus pteraformis[2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A winged seed species of uncertain affinity
Cassia sophoroides[2]	Comb nov		(Knowlton) Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A Cassia species Moved from Phyllites sophoroicles (1926)
Cassia spokanensis[2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A Cassia species
Celastrus spokanensis[2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A staff vine species
Cercocarpus praeledifolius[2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A mountain mahogany species
Comptonia hesperia[2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A sweet fern species
Cornus acuminata[2]	Sp nov	Homonym	Berry	Eocene Ypresian	Klondike Mountain Formation	USA Washington	A Schoepfia species jr homonym of ''Cornus acuminata'' (Weber) Renamed Cornus republicensis in 1944 Moved to Schoepfia republicensis in 1987[3]	Schoepfia republicensis
Cucurbita glandulosa[4]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Brown	Eocene Ypresian	Green River Formation	United States ( Colorado)	A tetramelaceous seed morphotype Moved to Punctaphyllum glandulosum in 2023[5]
Euonymus knowltoni[2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A Euonymus species
Hibiscus? occidentalis[2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A possible Hibiscus flower species
Leguminosites alexanderi[2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A fabaceous fruit species of uncertain affinity
Leguminosites bonseri[2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A fabaceous species of uncertain affinity
Liriodendron hesperia[2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A Liriodendron species
Meibomites knowltoni[2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A fabaceous species
Menispermites latahensis[2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A menispermaceous species
Menziesia knowltoni[2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A Menziesia species
Nyssa knowltoni[2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A Nyssa species
Nyssa magnifica[2]	Comb nov		(Knowlton) Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A Nyssa species Moved from Carpites magnifica (1926)
Porana microcalyx[2]	Comb nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A Porana species Moved from Diospyros? microcalyx (1926)	Porana microcalyx
Potamogeton heterophylloides[2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A pondweed species
Quercus treleasii[2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	An oak species
Rhamnus spokanensis[2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A buckthorn species
Ribes fernquisti[2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A gooseberry species
Sapindus armstrongi[2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A soap berry species
Sapindus spokanensis[2]	Nom nov		Berry	Eocene Priabonian	Florissant Formation	USA Colorado	A soap berry species
Sassafras hesperia[2]	Sp nov		Berry	Eocene Ypresian	Klondike Mountain Formation	USA Washington	A Sassafras species	Sassafras hesperia
Ternstroemites idahoensis[2]	Comb nov		(Knowlton) Berry	Miocene	Payette Formation	USA Idaho	A theaceous species Moved from Myrica? idahoensis (1919)
Tilia hesperia[2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A Tilia species
Umbelliferospermum[2]	Gen et Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	An apiaceous fruit genus The type species is U. latahense
Umbellularia dayana[2]	Comb nov		(Knowlton) Berry	Miocene	Mascall Formation	USA Oregon	An Umbellularia species Moved from Salix dayana (1902)
Umbellularia lanceolata[2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	An Umbellularia species
Vaccinium americanum[2]	Comb et Syn nov		(Lesquereux) Berry	Miocene	Mascall Formation	USA Oregon	A Vaccinium species Moved from Santal1lm americanum (1883) Salix pseudoargentea (1902) & Vaccinium salicoides (1926) synonymized
Vaccinium bonseri[2]	Sp et "var" nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A Vaccinium species One variety named V. bonseri serrulatum
Vacciniurn spokanense[2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A Vaccinium species
Viburnum fernquisti[2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A Vaccinium species
Viburnum lantanafolium[2]	Sp nov		Berry	Miocene	Latah Formation	USA Washington	A Vaccinium species

Arthropods

Crustaceans

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Cycloprosopon			Lorenthey & Beurlen

Insects

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Permotipula[6]		Valid	Tillyard	Permian Changhsingian - Wuchiapingian	Newcastle Coal Measures	Australia New South Wales	A protodipteran scorpionfly

Archosauromorphs

Barosaurus gastroliths documented.[7]

Newly named dinosaurs

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[8]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Anodontosaurus[9]		Valid	Sternberg	Cretaceous Edmontonian	Horseshoe Canyon Formation	Canada	An ankylosaurid.	Anodontosaurus lambei
Antarctosaurus[10]	Gen et 2 sp nov	Valid	von Huene	Cretaceous early Campanian	Anacleto Formation	Argentina	A titanosaur. The type species is A. wichmannianus Also included is A. giganteus	Antarctosaurus wichmannianus
Campylodon[10]	Gen et sp nov	Homonym	von Huene	Cretaceous Cenomanian	Bajo Barreal Formation	Argentina	A titanosaur. Preoccupied by Campylodon Dumeril, 1852. Moved to Campylodoniscus in 1961
Helopus[11]	Gen et sp nov	Homonym	Wiman	Cretaceous Barremian-Aptian	Mengyin Formation	China	A Euhelopodid titanosaur. The type species is H.zdanskyi Genus name preoccupied by Helopus Wagler Renamed and moved to Euhelopus in 1956	Euhelopus zdanskyi
Laplatasaurus[10]		Valid	von Huene	Cretaceous late Campanian-early Maastrichtian	Allen Formation	Argentina	A titanosaur related to members of Lognkosauria. The type species is L. araukanicus	Laplatasaurus araukanicus
Loricosaurus[10]	Gen et sp nov	Nomen dubium	von Huene	Cretaceous late Campanian-early Maastrichtian	Allen Formation	Argentina	A titanosaur. The type species is L. scutatus Possibly a jr synonym of Neuquensaurus
Paranthodon[12]	Gen et comb nov	Valid	Nopcsa	Cretaceous Berriasian	Kirkwood Formation	South Africa	A stegosaur. The type species is Palaeoscincus africanus (1912)	Paranthodon africanus
Rhodanosaurus[12]	Gen et sp nov	Nomen dubium	Nopcsa	Cretaceous late Campanian-early Maastrichtian	Gres a Reptiles	France	A dubious nodosaurid. The type species is R. ludguensis
Tanius[11]		Valid	Wiman	Cretaceous Campanian	Jingangkou Formation	China	A hadrosauroid. The type species is T. sinensis	Tanius
Teinurosaurus	Gen nov	Nomen dubium.	Nopcsa	Jurassic Kimmeridgian	Mont-Lambert Formation	France	A neotheropod.

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Eoarctops	Gen et sp nov	jr synonym	Haughton	Permian Capitanian		South Africa	A gorgonopsid therapsid. The type species is E. vanderbyli A jr synonym of Eriphostoma microdon	Eriphostoma microdon
Hipposaurus	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Haughton	Permian Capitanian	Beaufort Group Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone	South Africa	A biarmosuchian therapsid. The type species is H. boonstrai	Hipposaurus boonstrai
Scullya	Sp nov	nomen dubium	Broom				A titanosuchid dinocephalian
Styracocephalus	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Haughton	Permian Capitanian		South Africa	A tapinocephalian therapsid	Styracocephalus

References

Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
Berry, E.W. (1929). "A revision of the flora of the Latah Formation". USGS Professional Paper Series (PDF). Professional Paper. Vol. PP 154-H. pp. 225–265. doi:10.3133/pp154H.
Wolfe, J.A.; Wehr, W.C. (1987). Middle Eocene dicotyledonous plants from Republic, northeastern Washington (Report). Bulletin. Vol. 1597. United States Geological Survey. pp. 1–25. doi:10.3133/b1597.
LaMotte, R.S. (1952). Catalogue of the Cenozoic plants of North America through 1950. Geological Society of America Memoirs. Vol. 51. Geological Society of America. doi:10.1130/MEM51.
Correa Narvaez, J. E.; Allen, S. E.; Huegele, I. B.; Manchester, S. R. (2023). "Fossil leaves and fruits of Tetramelaceae (Curcurbitales) from the Eocene of the Rocky Mountain region, USA, and their biogeographic significance". International Journal of Plant Sciences. doi:10.1086/724018.
Willmann, R. (1989). "Rediscovered: Permotipula patricia, the oldest known fly". Naturwissenschaften. 76 (8): 375–377. doi:10.1007/BF00366210.
Janensch, W. (1929). Sanders, Manley, and Carpenter (2001), "Table 12.1" page 167.
Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
Sternberg, C.H. 1929. A toothless armored dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Alberta. Bull. Natl. Mus. Can. 54: pp. 28-33.
von Huene, F. (1929). "Los saurisquios y ornitisquios del Cretáceo Argentino". Anales del Museo de La Plata (in Spanish). 3 (3): 1–196.
Wiman, C. 1929. Die Kreide-dinosaurier aus Shantung. Pal. Sin. C 1: pp. 1-67.
Nopcsa, F. 1929. Dinosaurierreste aus Siebenburgen. V. Geol. Hungarica Set. Paleontol. 4: pp. 1-76.

Janensch, W. (1929). Magensteine bei Sauropoden der Tendaguru-Schichten. Palaeontographica (Suppl. 7) 2:135-144.
Sanders F, Manley K, Carpenter K. Gastroliths from the Lower Cretaceous sauropod Cedarosaurus weiskopfae. In: Tanke D.H, Carpenter K, editors. Mesozoic vertebrate life: new research inspired by the paleontology of Philip J. Currie. Indiana University Press; Bloomington, IN: 2001. pp. 166–180.

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[1] Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.

[Berry1929-2] Berry, E.W. (1929). "A revision of the flora of the Latah Formation". USGS Professional Paper Series (PDF). Professional Paper. Vol. PP 154-H. pp. 225–265. doi:10.3133/pp154H.

[WandW87-3] Wolfe, J.A.; Wehr, W.C. (1987). Middle Eocene dicotyledonous plants from Republic, northeastern Washington (Report). Bulletin. Vol. 1597. United States Geological Survey. pp. 1–25. doi:10.3133/b1597.

[LaMotte1952-4] LaMotte, R.S. (1952). Catalogue of the Cenozoic plants of North America through 1950. Geological Society of America Memoirs. Vol. 51. Geological Society of America. doi:10.1130/MEM51.

[Parvaspicula2023-5] Correa Narvaez, J. E.; Allen, S. E.; Huegele, I. B.; Manchester, S. R. (2023). "Fossil leaves and fruits of Tetramelaceae (Curcurbitales) from the Eocene of the Rocky Mountain region, USA, and their biogeographic significance". International Journal of Plant Sciences. doi:10.1086/724018.

[Willm1989-6] Willmann, R. (1989). "Rediscovered: Permotipula patricia, the oldest known fly". Naturwissenschaften. 76 (8): 375–377. doi:10.1007/BF00366210.

[Janensch-Sanders-7] Janensch, W. (1929). Sanders, Manley, and Carpenter (2001), "Table 12.1" page 167.

[ddinogeorge-8] Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-08-07.

[9] Sternberg, C.H. 1929. A toothless armored dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Alberta. Bull. Natl. Mus. Can. 54: pp. 28-33.

[vonhuene1929-10] von Huene, F. (1929). "Los saurisquios y ornitisquios del Cretáceo Argentino". Anales del Museo de La Plata (in Spanish). 3 (3): 1–196.

[wiman29shantung-11] Wiman, C. 1929. Die Kreide-dinosaurier aus Shantung. Pal. Sin. C 1: pp. 1-67.

[nopsca29hungarica-12] Nopcsa, F. 1929. Dinosaurierreste aus Siebenburgen. V. Geol. Hungarica Set. Paleontol. 4: pp. 1-76.