1957 Fethiye earthquakes
The first of the 1957 Fethiye earthquakes occurred on April 24, 1957, with the second and larger event about seven hours later on the following day. Both earthquakes had epicentres in the eastern Mediterranean between Rhodes and the coastal city of Fethiye in Muğla Province, southwestern Turkey.[2]
  Fethiye  | |
| UTC time | Doublet earthquake: |
|---|---|
| A: 1957-04-24 19:10:13 | |
| B: 1957-04-25 02:25:41 | |
| ISC event | |
| A: 886445 | |
| B: 886448 | |
| USGS-ANSS | |
| A: ComCat | |
| B: ComCat | |
| Local date | April 24–25, 1957 |
| Magnitude | |
| A: 7.1 Mw | |
| B: 7.3 Mw | |
| Depth | 35.0 km |
| Epicenter | 36.493°N 28.829°E 36.405°N 28.699°E |
| Areas affected | Turkey Fethiye, Muğla |
| Max. intensity | IX (Violent)[1] |
| Casualties | 19–67 dead |
Tectonics
As noted by a scientist from Istanbul Technical University, the tectonics of the Aegean Region of Turkey, which incorporates many faults, produces earthquakes frequently. The quakes can reach magnitudes up to 7.2 with aftershocks of 5.1. A geological fault in the southern part of the region stretches from the Greek island of Rhodes northeastwards to Burdur and passes close to the vicinity to Fethiye.[3]
Earthquake characteristics
The first earthquake hit at 21:17 hours local time on April 24, 1957, and lasted 25 seconds having a magnitude of 7.1 on the moment magnitude scale; a stronger second quake occurred at 04:26 hours on April 25; this one lasted for 60 seconds and had a magnitude of 7.3.[2][4][5][6] The earthquakes also shook many locations around Fethye, the epicenter, including Isparta, Burdur, Tefenni, Acıpayam, Denizli, Nazilli, Aydın, Yatağan, Milas, Bodrum, Ödemiş, Muğla, Marmaris, Köyceğiz, Kaş and Finike as well as the Greek islands of Kos, Symi and Rhodes.[7]
Damage and casualties
Around 1,500 structures, including public buildings such as schools, hospital, prison, gendarmerie station, community health center and city hall, were damaged. The number of affected people was around 8,000. A 5–6 m (16–20 ft) section of the harbor quay broke away and sank into the sea, and asphalt road surfaces split and cracked. The earthquake ruined almost the entire city, with 90% of buildings being damaged.[6] Thanks to the strict evacuation order of the district governor Nazif Okuş after the first quake, the number of dead remained at only 19 for the city and the villages around with a total population of around 60,000.[2][6] According to another source, a total of 67 people were killed, 27 in the city and in its villages, 40 in the surrounding districts.[7]
Telecommunications were interrupted as the telephone lines broke, but communications were restored two days later by the use of field telephones.[2]
Aftermath
The first actual relief came on April 26 from the Turkish Red Crescent (Turkish: Kızılay) with 2,500 blankets, 1,350 tents and a field hospital. President Celal Bayar, Prime Minister Adnan Menderes and high government officials visited the disaster region on April 28.[6] Wreck removal works were hampered by uninterrupted rainfall.[2]
On April 29, the destroyer HMS Dainty, a warship of the British Mediterranean Fleet delivered 2,000 blankets, 500 tents, medicine and food to the earthquake victims in Fethiye.[2][8]
Commemoration
In 2013, the mayor of Fethiye held a commemoration event featuring a photography exhibition.[7]
References
- Bikçe, Murat (2016). "A database for fatalities and damages due to the earthquakes in Turkey (1900–2014)". Natural Hazards. 83 (3). Table 2 List of the earthquakes causing fatalities and damage occurring between 1900 and 2014 in Turkey. doi:10.1007/s11069-016-2397-7. ISSN 0921-030X.
- Erken, Nurdeniz & Erdoğan Öztürk (June 13, 2012). "Fethiye'nin kaderini değiştirdi". Sabah (in Turkish). Retrieved January 19, 2016.
- "Fethiye'de şiddetli deprem". Sabah (in Turkish). June 10, 2012. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
- "M7.1 – Dodecanese Islands, Greece". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
- "M7.3 – Dodecanese Islands, Greece". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
- "Fethiye'de 55 yıl önceki depremin görüntüleri ortaya çıktı". Zaman (in Turkish). June 11, 2012. Archived from the original on January 27, 2016. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
- "1957 depremi için anma etkinliği düzenlendi". Hamle (in Turkish). Retrieved January 19, 2016.
- "Earthquake Devastation: H.M.S. Dainty Brings Relief". Navy News. June 1957. p. 9. Retrieved September 9, 2018.
External links
- 1957 Fethiye earthquake on YouTube
- The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.