1975 Individual Speedway World Championship
The 1975 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 30th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Ole Olsen won his second World title in front of 81,000 at Wembley Stadium in London with a 15 point maximum from his five rides. Defending champion Anders Michanek finished second and England's John Louis won the run-off for the bronze medal, defeating four time world champion Ivan Mauger. Some criticism was aimed at the track surface which was described as dusty and dry.[7]
Format changes
The format of the Championship changed for the 1975 event. This time the British riders (not including Commonwealth riders for the first time) were allowed four places in the World Final to be held in England. All other nations had to go through the European Final route to provide the remaining 12 riders for the World Final. The European Final qualification route included a new Intercontinental Final which feature riders from the United States for the first time for many years.
First round
- British Qualifying - 16 British riders to British Final
- Oceania Qualifying - 5 riders to Intercontinental Final
- United States Qualifying - 2 riders to Intercontinental Final
- Continental Qualifying - 16 to Continental Final
- Norwegian Final - 3 to Nordic Final
- Swedish Qualifying & Final - 8 to Nordic Final
- Danish Qualifying - 3 to Nordic Final
- Finnish Qualifying - 2 to Nordic Final
British Qualifying
Continental Qualifying
Date | Venue | Winner | Runner-up | 3rd place | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quarter-Finals | |||||
18 May | Krumbach | Jan Hadek | Marek Cieślak | Valery Gordeev | |
18 May | Krsko | Henryk Glücklich | Josef Minarik | Vladimir Nesterov | |
18 May | Ostrava | Jiří Štancl | Vladimir Gordeev | Paweł Waloszek | |
18 May | Miskolc | Edward Jancarz | Isztvan Sziracki | Viktor Trofimov | |
Semi-Finals | |||||
29 May | Olching | Valery Gordeev | Edward Jancarz | Zenon Plech | |
31 May | Prague | Piotr Bruzda | Jan Verner | Vladimir Gordeev |
Swedish Qualifying
Date | Venue | Winner | Runner-up | 3rd place | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Semi-Finals | |||||
1 May | Malilla | Jan Simensen | Christer Sjösten | Bengt Jansson | |
1 May | Lindesberg | Bernt Persson | Tommy Johansson | Sören Sjösten | |
1 May | Visby | Tommy Jansson | Hasse Holmqvist | Sören Karlsson |
Swedish Final
- May 21, 1975
- SWE Norrköping
- First 8 to Nordic Final
Placing | Rider | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Pts | Pos |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | (1) Tommy Jansson | 14 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 14 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
2 | (5) Anders Michanek | 13 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 13 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
3 | (14) Bernt Persson | 13 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 13 | 3 | |||||||||||||||
4 | (4) Sören Karlsson | 12 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 12 | 4 | |||||||||||||||
5 | (2) Tommy Johansson | 11 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 11 | 5 | |||||||||||||||
6 | (7) Bengt Jansson | 10 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 6 | |||||||||||||||
7 | (8) Sören Sjösten | 10 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 10 | 7 | |||||||||||||||
8 | (10) Hasse Holmqvist | 7 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 8 | |||||||||||||||
9 | (16) Christer Sjösten | 5+3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 9 | |||||||||||||||
10 | (3) Åke Andersson | 5+2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 10 | |||||||||||||||
11 | (9) Bo Josefsson | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 11 | |||||||||||||||
12 | (15) Eddie Davidsson | 4 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 12 | |||||||||||||||
13 | (13) Jan Simensen | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 13 | |||||||||||||||
14 | (12) Stefan Salomonsson | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 14 | |||||||||||||||
15 | (6) Leif Enecrona | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 15 | |||||||||||||||
16 | (11) Conny Samuelsson | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 0 | 16 | |||||||||||||||
(17) Peter Smith | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
(18) Richard Hellsen | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Placing | Rider | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Pts | Pos |
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify
gate A - inside | gate B | gate C | gate D - outside |
Danish final
Norwegian Final
- Skien
- First 3 to Nordic Final
Pos. | Rider | Heat Scores | Total |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Reidar Eide | 15 | |
2 | Dag Lovaas | ||
3 | Edgar Stangeland | ||
4 | Helge Langli | ||
5 | Tormod Langli |
Second round
- Nordic Final - 9 to Intercontinental Final
Nordic Final
Pos. | Rider | Heat Scores | Total |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Ole Olsen | 3,2,3,3,3 | 14 |
2 | Tommy Jansson | 2,3,2,3,3 | 13 |
3 | Dag Lovaas | 3,0,3,3,3 | 12+3 |
4 | Bernt Persson | 2,3,2,3,2 | 12+2 |
5 | Reidar Eide | 3,3,1,2,1 | 10 |
6 | Tommy Johansson | 2,1,3,1,3 | 10 |
7 | Hasse Holmqvist | 1,2,2,1,2 | 8 |
8 | Anders Michanek | F,1,3,2,2 | 8 |
9 | Bengt Jansson | 0,3,0,2,2 | 7 |
10 | Edgar Stangeland | 0,2,1,2,1 | 6 |
11 | Ila Teromaa | 2,2,1,0,F | 5 |
12 | Finn Thomsen | 3,F,0,0,1 | 4 |
13 | Sören Sjösten | 1,1,1,1,E | 4 |
14 | Sören Karlsson | 1,0,2,0,0 | 3 |
15 | Kari Vuoristo | 0,0,0,1,0 | 1 |
16 | Bent Nørregaard-Jensen | F,-,-,-,- | 0 |
R1 | Tormod Langli | 1,0 | 1 |
R2 | Helge Langli | 1,0,1 | 2 |
Third round
- Intercontinental Final - 8 to European Final
- Continental Final - 8 to European Final
Intercontinental Final
Placing | Rider | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Pts | Pos |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | (2) Ivan Mauger | 14 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 14 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
2 | (11) Anders Michanek | 12 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 12 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
3 | (13) Bernt Persson | 11+3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 11 | 3 | |||||||||||||||
4 | (1) Ole Olsen | 11+2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 11 | 4 | |||||||||||||||
5 | (6) Scott Autrey | 9 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 9 | 5 | |||||||||||||||
6 | (9) Tommy Jansson | 9 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 6 | |||||||||||||||
7 | (14) Reidar Eide | 8+3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 7 | |||||||||||||||
8 | (3) Phil Crump | 8+2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 8 | |||||||||||||||
9 | (7) Tommy Johansson | 8+1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 9 | |||||||||||||||
10 | (4) Dag Lovaas | 7 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 10 | |||||||||||||||
11 | (12) John Boulger | 4 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 11 | |||||||||||||||
12 | (8) Billy Sanders | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 12 | |||||||||||||||
13 | (16) Bengt Jansson | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 13 | |||||||||||||||
14 | (5) Hasse Holmqvist | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 14 | |||||||||||||||
15 | (10) Steven Gresham | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | F | 3 | 15 | |||||||||||||||
16 | (15) Barry Briggs | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 16 | |||||||||||||||
(17) Kenneth Selmonsson | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(18) Jan Andersson | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Placing | Rider | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Pts | Pos |
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify
gate A - inside | gate B | gate C | gate D - outside |
Continental Final
- June 22, 1975
- Soviet Union Leningrad
- First 8 to European Final
Placing | Rider | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Pts | Pos |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | (6) Edward Jancarz | 12 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 12 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
2 | (4) Valery Gordeev | 11 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 11 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
3 | (15) Viktor Kalmykov | 11 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 11 | 3 | |||||||||||||||
4 | (10) Vladimir Gordeev | 10 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 10 | 4 | |||||||||||||||
5 | (13) Marek Cieślak | 10 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 10 | 5 | |||||||||||||||
6 | (8) Henryk Glücklich | 10 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 10 | 6 | |||||||||||||||
7 | (2) Viktor Trofimov | 10 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 10 | 7 | |||||||||||||||
8 | (1) Zenon Plech | 7+3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 8 | |||||||||||||||
9 | (16) Nikolay Kornev | 7+2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 9 | |||||||||||||||
10 | (5) Piotr Bruzda | 7+1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 10 | |||||||||||||||
11 | (9) Jiri Stancl | 7+0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 11 | |||||||||||||||
12 | (12) Mikhail Starostin | 6 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 12 | |||||||||||||||
13 | (14) Jan Verner | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 13 | |||||||||||||||
14 | (11) Bogusław Nowak | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 14 | |||||||||||||||
15 | (3) Paweł Waloszek | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 15 | |||||||||||||||
16 | (7) Manfred Poschenreider | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 16 | |||||||||||||||
(17) Andrzej Jurczyński | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(18) Franciszek Stach | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Placing | Rider | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Pts | Pos |
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify
gate A - inside | gate B | gate C | gate D - outside |
Fourth round
- British Final - 4 to World Final
- European Final - 12 to World Final
British Final
- July 30, 1975
- GBR Coventry, Brandon Stadium
- First 4 to World Final plus 1 reserve
Placing | Rider | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Pts | Pos |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | (6) John Louis | 15 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 15 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
2 | (8) Peter Collins | 13+3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 13 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
3 | (9) Malcolm Simmons | 13+2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 13 | 3 | |||||||||||||||
4 | (12) Ray Wilson | 11+3 | F | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 11 | 4 | |||||||||||||||
5 | (3) Martin Ashby | 11+2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 11 | 5 | |||||||||||||||
6 | (10) Chris Pusey | 10 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 10 | 6 | |||||||||||||||
7 | (11) Tony Davey | 9 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 9 | 7 | |||||||||||||||
8 | (1) Gordon Kennett | 6 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 8 | |||||||||||||||
9 | (2) Dave Jessup | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 9 | |||||||||||||||
10 | (4) Doug Wyer | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 10 | |||||||||||||||
11 | (7) Jim McMillan | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 11 | |||||||||||||||
12 | (13) Bob Kilby | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 12 | |||||||||||||||
13 | (14) Chris Morton | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 13 | |||||||||||||||
14 | (5) Dave Morton | 3 | 0 | E | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 14 | |||||||||||||||
15 | (16) Alan Wilkinson | 2 | 1 | 0 | F | 1 | 0 | 2 | 15 | |||||||||||||||
16 | (15) Carl Glover | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 16 | |||||||||||||||
(17) Nigel Boocock | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(18) Bobby Beaton | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Placing | Rider | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Pts | Pos |
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify
gate A - inside | gate B | gate C | gate D - outside |
European Final
Placing | Rider | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Pts | Pos | 21 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(12) Ivan Mauger | 14 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 14 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||
(3) Ole Olsen | 14 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 14 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||
(9) Phil Crump | 11 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 11 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||
4 | (6) Anders Michanek | 10 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 10 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||
5 | (2) Henryk Glücklich | 9 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||
6 | (13) Tommy Jansson | 8 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 8 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||
7 | (14) Valery Gordeev | 8 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||
8 | (10) Viktor Trofimov | 8 | X | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||
9 | (16) Bernt Persson | 7 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | E | 7 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||
10 | (1) Edward Jancarz | 7 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||
11 | (7) Zenon Plech | 6 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||
12 | (15) Marek Cieślak | 6 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 12 | ||||||||||||||||
13 | (8) Vladimir Gordeev | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 13 | ||||||||||||||||
14 | (4) Scott Autrey | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 14 | ||||||||||||||||
15 | (11) Reidar Eide | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 15 | ||||||||||||||||
16 | (5) Viktor Kalmykov | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | 1 | 16 | ||||||||||||||||
R1 | (R1) Tommy Johansson | 0 | 0 | R1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
R2 | (R2) Nikolay Kornev | 0 | 0 | R2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Placing | Rider | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Pts | Pos | 21 |
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify
gate A - inside | gate B | gate C | gate D - outside |
World Final
- September 6, 1975
- London, Wembley Stadium[8]
- Referee: () Torrie Kittelsen
Placing | Rider | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Pts | Pos |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | (14) Ole Olsen | 15 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 15 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
2 | (16) Anders Michanek | 13 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 13 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
3 | (10) John Louis | 12+3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 12 | 3 | |||||||||||||||
4 | (6) Ivan Mauger | 12+2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 12 | 4 | |||||||||||||||
5 | (11) Peter Collins | 10 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 10 | 5 | |||||||||||||||
6 | (1) Phil Crump | 10 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 6 | |||||||||||||||
7 | (5) Malcolm Simmons | 10 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 7 | |||||||||||||||
8 | (15) Viktor Trofimov | 8 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 8 | |||||||||||||||
9 | (8) Tommy Jansson | 8 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 9 | |||||||||||||||
10 | (3) Bernt Persson | 5 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 10 | |||||||||||||||
11 | (7) Ray Wilson | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 11 | |||||||||||||||
12 | (2) Edward Jancarz | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 12 | |||||||||||||||
13 | (4) Valery Gordeev | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 13 | |||||||||||||||
14 | (9) Zenon Plech | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 14 | |||||||||||||||
15 | (13) Marek Cieślak | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 15 | |||||||||||||||
16 | (12) Henryk Glücklich | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | |||||||||||||||
(17) Martin Ashby | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(18) Vladimir Gordeev | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Placing | Rider | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Pts | Pos |
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify
gate A - inside | gate B | gate C | gate D - outside |
References
- Oakes, Peter (1981). 1981 Speedway Yearbook. Studio Publications (Ipswich) Ltd. pp. 20–21. ISBN 0-86215-017-5.
- "World Championship 1936-1994". Edinburgh Speedway. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
- "WORLD FINALS 1936-1994" (PDF). Speedway Researcher. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
- "HISTORY SPEEDWAY and LONGTRACK". Speedway.org. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
- "Speedway riders, history and results". wwosbackup. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
- "WORLD INDIVIDUAL FINAL - RIDER INDEX". British Speedway. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
- "Olsen-king of the track". The People. 7 September 1975. Retrieved 10 July 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- Bamford, R. & Shailes, G. (2002). A History of the World Speedway Championship. Stroud: Tempus Publishing. ISBN 0-7524-2402-5