683 series

The 683 series (683系, 683-kei) is a dual-voltage electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR-West) on limited express services in Japan since 2001.

683 series
A 683-8000 series in March 2021
ManufacturerHitachi, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Kinki Sharyo[1]
Family nameA-train
Replaced485 series
Constructed2001–2011
Entered service2001
Refurbished2015–
Number built270 vehicles
Number in service192 vehicles (the rest of 76 vehicles were converted to 289 series)
Number scrapped2 vehicles[1]
Formation3/5/6/9 cars per trainset
Operator(s)JR-West (2001–)
Hokuetsu Express (2005–2015)
Depot(s)Kyoto, Kanazawa
Line(s) servedTokaido Main Line, Kosei Line, Hokuriku Main Line, IR Ishikawa Railway Line, Nanao Line
Specifications
Car body constructionAluminium alloy, double-skin
Maximum speed160 km/h (100 mph) (683-4000/5000/8000 series)
130 km/h (80 mph) (683-0/1000/2000/3000 series)[2]
Traction systemVariable frequency (3-level IGBT)
Electric system(s)20 kV AC 60 Hz / 1,500 V DC overhead
Current collector(s)WPS27C scissors-type pantograph
WPS28D single-arm pantograph (683-4000/5000 series)
Braking system(s)Regenerative brake, electronically controlled pneumatic brakes, snow-resistant brake
Safety system(s)ATS-SW, ATS-P
Multiple working681 series
Track gauge1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)

Variants

683-0 series

The first subseries consists of 54 cars composed of 6 6-car trains (W31–W36) and 6 3-car trains (V31–V36) built in 2001–2002.[3][4]

683-2000 series

87 cars were built in 3-car and 5-car sets. This subseries was subsequently transferred to the 289 series with their AC equipment removed.[5] The move was made after the opening of the Hokuriku Shinkansen and the associated discontinuation of service by these sets on the Hokuhoku Line.

683-4000 series

108 cars were built in 9-car sets for a total of 12 trainsets.

  • 683-4000 series
    683-4000 series

683-8000 series

This is the designation given to a 6-car train (N03) and a 3-car train (N13) formerly owned by Hokuetsu Express for services on the Hakutaka limited express. At the opening of the Hokuriku Shinkansen in March 2015, the sets were transferred to JR West.[6]

Operations

JR-West

Hokuetsu Express

JR Central
  • Home Liner Ōgaki rapid service (until 13 March 2015)
  • Home Liner Sekigahara rapid service (until 13 March 2015)

Formations

The various formations are configured as follows.

Thunderbird sets
Designation TpcMT'c
Numbering KuHa 682-500MoHa 683-1300KuHa 683-700
Designation TpcTMc
Numbering KuHa 682-2700SaHa 683-2400KuMoHa 683-3500
Designation T'cMTpc
Numbering KuHa 683-8700MoHa 683-8000KuHa 682-8500

Shirasagi sets
Designation McTTpc
Numbering KuMoHa 683-3500SaHa 683-2400KuHa 682-2700

The KuHa 682 cars are each fitted with one scissors-type pantograph.

Shirasagi sets
Designation McTTpMTpsc
Numbering KuMoHa 683-3500SaHa 683-2500SaHa 682-2200MoHa 683-3400KuRo 682-2000

The SaHa 682 and KuRo 682 cars are each fitted with one scissors-type pantograph.

Thunderbird sets
Designation TscTpMTTpMc
Numbering KuRo 683SaHa 682MoHa 683-1000SaHa 683-300SaHa 682KuMoHa 683-1500
Designation McTpTMTpTsc
Numbering KuMoHa 683-8700SaHa 682-8000SaHa 683-8000MoHa 683-8300SaHa 682-8000KuRo 683-8000

The SaHa 682 cars are each fitted with one scissors-type pantograph.

Thunderbird sets
Designation TscTpMTpMTTpMc
Numbering KuRo 683-4500SaHa 682-4300MoHa 683-5400SaHa 682-4400MoHa 683-5000SaHa 683-4700SaHa 683-4800SaHa 682-4300KuMoHa 683-5500

The SaHa 682 cars are each fitted with one single-arm pantograph.

Interior
  • 683-2000 series odd number car Standard-class saloon, January 2012
    683-2000 series odd number car Standard-class saloon, January 2012
  • 683-2000 series even number car Standard-class saloon, January 2012
    683-2000 series even number car Standard-class saloon, January 2012
  • 683-2000 series Green car saloon, January 2012
    683-2000 series Green car saloon, January 2012
  • 683-4000 series Green car saloon, June 2010
    683-4000 series Green car saloon, June 2010

Refurbishment
A refurbished 683-4000 series set in April 2022

All of the 683 series trainsets used on Thunderbird limited express services are scheduled to undergo a programme of refurbishment from autumn 2015 until the end of fiscal 2018.[8] The first set treated, nine-car 683-4000 series set T51, was returned to revenue service in September 2015.[9]

Conversion to 289 series
Main article: 289 series

From 2015, 85 former Shirasagi 683 series vehicles were converted and reformed to become DC-only 289 series EMUs, formed as three-car, four-car, and six-car sets for use on Hashidate, Kinosaki, Kounotori, and Kurioshio limited express services in the Kyoto and Osaka area.[4]

References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to JR West 683.
  • オールガイド ６８１・６８３系 [Full Guide: 681/683 Series]. Japan Railfan Magazine. 49 (577): 56–65. May 2009.
  • 北越急行６８１・６８３系 [Hokuetsu Express 681/683 Series]. Japan Railfan Magazine. 49 (577): 46–55. May 2009.
  • JR電車編成表 '07冬号 [JR EMU Formations – Winter 2007]. Japan: JRR. December 2006. ISBN 978-4-88283-046-7.
  1. Jr電車編成表 JR電車編成表 2017冬 [JR EMU Formations – Winter 2017] (in Japanese). Japan: Kotsu Shimbunsha. 16 November 2016. pp. 135–136, 144, 357. ISBN 978-4-330-73716-4.
  2. JR全車輌ハンドブック2006 [JR Rolling Stock Handbook 2006] (in Japanese). Japan: Neko Publishing. 2006. ISBN 978-4-7770-0453-9.
  3. JR電車編成表 2011夏 [JR EMU Formations – Summer 2011] (in Japanese). Kotsu Shimbunsha. p. 145. ISBN 978-4-330-21211-1.
  4. JR電車編成表 2016冬 [JR EMU Formations – Winter 2016] (in Japanese). Japan: Kotsu Shimbunsha. 18 November 2015. pp. 145, 190. ISBN 978-4-330-62315-3.
  5. JR西日本289系、683系を形式変更し「くろしお」などに投入! 381系は廃車に [JR-West to reclassify 683 series to 289 series for introduction on Kuroshio and other services. 381 series to be withdrawn.]. Mynavi News (in Japanese). Japan: Mynavi Corporation. 28 April 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  6. "683系8000番台が"サンダーバード"に" [683 series 8000 series transferred to "Thunderbird" services]. Japan Railfan Magazine Online (in Japanese). 24 April 2015. Archived from the original on 9 December 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  7. "Railnews". Japan Railfan Magazine (in Japanese). 55 (647): 171. March 2015.
  8. より快適に！北陸～近畿を結ぶ特急「サンダーバード」、車両リニューアルへ [Rolling stock to be refurbished for Thunderbird limited express trains linking Hokuriku and Kinki]. Tetsudo Shimbun (in Japanese). Japan. 28 January 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  9. 683系4000番台リニューアル車が営業運転を開始 [Refurbished 683-4000 series enters revenue service]. Japan Railfan Magazine Online (in Japanese). Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. 27 September 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
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