Abui people

According to Abui oral tradition, Abui people settled in Alor in ancient times and did not find other settlers there. Later some of them moved to the Kabola peninsula.[6][7] The same tradition accounts that they dwelled in caves in the mountains in the Mainang area. In this area also some rock art is found. Abui refer to neighbouring tribes as ‘younger siblings’ or as ‘new arrivals’. However, the oral tradition in Alor serves too often as a political instrument. The oral tradition has not been verified by archaeological research yet.

The American anthropologist Cora Du Bois studied and lived among Abui people from 1937 to 1939 in the village of Atimelang, resulting in the publication, The People of Alor.[8] Around the same time, the Dutch sociologist Martha Margaretha Nicolspeyer published a study of the Abui social structure.[7]

The original religion of the inhabitants of Alor Islands was animistic until much later when Protestant missionaries arrived.[11] Majority of the Alor Island communities are Christians, except for those living along the coast line tend to be Muslims as most of the Muslims living there migrated from other islands.[12]

The Abui people generally are predominantly Protestant. However, their beliefs have animistic influences as well.[13] Catholic communities are found in Kalabahi and particularly among the Abui people in Takalelang and Mainang.[4]

There is also one Muslim Abui community, found in the coastal village of Nurdin.[14]

Abui speakers are mainly farmers, just like other inhabitants of Alor. However, in mountainous areas hunting and gathering is also an important supplement to the staple diet of corn, cassava, and rice. In the coastal areas, which are less favourable for agriculture, many farmers have switched to fishing, the traditional activity of the Austronesian population. Traditional livestock are pigs and chicken. However, livestock seldom supplement the diet due to frequent swine fever and poultry diseases. Thus, the diet is not well balanced, often resulting in poor health conditions and anaemia, especially among children and women. In the mountainous areas the situation is better as traditional hunting provides a more balanced diet. The mountains also favour a number of important cash crops such as tamarind, coconuts, coffee, cloves, cocoa, cashew nuts, candlenuts (Aleurites moluccana), vanilla, almonds (Canarium) and tobacco. These provide the farmers with additional income, which results in generally better living standards than for people in the coastal areas.[4]

The Takpala community performs a lego-lego dance for tourists.

The Abui "traditional village of Takpala" (kampung tradisional Takpala) is a tourist destination consisting of a small cluster of traditional houses on a hillside. Visitors watch performances, pose for photographs in traditional attire, and buy handicrafts.[15] In 1980, the Takpala Village won second place for most traditional village at the national level.[16] There are also many Western researchers who would visit the village in order to study the culture, lifestyle and language of the Abui people.[15] Ever since then, Takpala Village is considered a cultural heritage area by the Alor Regency[17] and a tourist destination.[16]

Aside from cultural tourism, Alor Island is also known as a world class diving location. To date, there are 42 registered diving sites in Alor Island.[18]