Acetylpropionylmorphine

Acetylpropionylmorphine is an opiate analog that is an ester of morphine. It was developed in the early 1900s after first being synthesized in Great Britain in 1875 but shelved along with heroin and various other esters of morphine. Acetylpropionylmorphone was never used medically, instead being widely sold as one of the first "designer drugs" for around five years following the introduction of the first international restrictions on the sale of heroin in 1925.[1] It is described as being virtually identical to heroin and morphine in its effects, and consequently was itself banned internationally in 1930 by the Health Committee of the League of Nations, in order to prevent its sale as an unscheduled alternative to heroin.[2]

Acetylpropionylmorphine
Structural formula
Ball-and-stick model
Clinical data
ATC code
  • none
Legal status
Legal status
  • UN: Illegal under UN drug conventions as "ester of morphine"
Identifiers
  • 3-acetyl-6-propionyl-(5α,6α)-7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan
CAS Number
ChemSpider
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC22H25NO5
Molar mass383.444 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CN4CCC23c1c(cc5)CC4C2C=CC(OC(=O)CC)C3Oc1c5OC(=O)C
  • InChI=1S/C22H25NO5/c1-4-18(25)27-17-8-6-14-15-11-13-5-7-16(26-12(2)24)20-19(13)22(14,21(17)28-20)9-10-23(15)3/h5-8,14-15,17,21H,4,9-11H2,1-3H3/t14-,15+,17-,21-,22-/m0/s1 checkY
  • Key:JDTRGWXTYWXUHP-CLTUZACYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Morphine ester chemistry

Another name for this drug is 3-acetyl-6-propionylmorphine, and it is produced by the acetylation of 6-propionylmorphine, an active opiate which is an ester of morphine first produced along with heroin and numerous other mono-, di-, and tetra- esters of morphine in the United Kingdom in 1874–1876 and then shelved; 6-propionylmorphine was later researched by firms and organizations in Italy, Austria, Germany, the U.S., the United Kingdom and elsewhere. Functional groups which are added to morphine and its esters to make active opioids include the benzoyl, acetyl, formyl, propionyl, butroyl, butyl, salicoyl, nicotinoyl, cinnamoyl, and others. It was discovered shortly after the development of dihydromorphine (discovered in nature and/or first synthesised circa 1880, commercially available in 1900), hydromorphone (first synthesised 1924), and oxymorphone (synthesised 1914), that mono, di, tri, and perhaps tetra- esters could be developed from them as well.[2] A smaller number of esters of codeine, hydrocodone, and dihydrocodeine, and one or two of oxycodone are also known and used in medicine.[2]

See also

References
  1. Streatfeild D (2002). Cocaine. London: Virgin Books. ISBN 0-7535-0627-0.
  2. "Esters of Morphine". UNODC Bulletin on Narcotics. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2: 36–38. 1953.


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