Metopon

Metopon (5-methylhydromorphone, CAS number 124-92-5)[2] is an opioid analogue that is a methylated derivative of hydromorphone which was invented in 1929 as an analgesic.[3]

Metopon
Clinical data
ATC code
  • none
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
  • 5β-methyl-7,8-dihydromorphin-6-one
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC18H21NO3
Molar mass299.370 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • O=C4[C@@]5(Oc1c2c(ccc1O)C[C@H]3N(CC[C@]25[C@H]3CC4)C)C
  • InChI=1S/C18H21NO3/c1-17-14(21)6-4-11-12-9-10-3-5-13(20)16(22-17)15(10)18(11,17)7-8-19(12)2/h3,5,11-12,20H,4,6-9H2,1-2H3/t11-,12+,17-,18-/m0/s1 checkY
  • Key:NPZXCTIHHUUEEJ-CMKMFDCUSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Metopon is sometimes used in medicine, although longer acting than hydromorphone, Metopon is less potent and its oral bioavailability is fairly low. Generally, Metopon has few advantages to distinguish it from other, more commonly used opioid analgesics,[4] although it does have a slightly lower tendency to produce nausea and respiratory depression compared to morphine.[5]

In Canada, as of 1948, the hydrochloride of metopon (free base conversion ratio 0.891, molecular weight 335.8) was available only for oral administration for malignant pain and for maintenance of those habituated to morphine; the only dosage form available was singly scored 8 mg tablets. It was manufactured by Parke, Davis, & Co., and was only for sale to doctors and hospitals. Parke, Davis & Co. did not sell metopon to pharmacies.[6] It is unknown whether metopon tablets are still manufactured and sold in Canada.

Metopon tablets, ampoules, and suppositories are available in Switzerland, Austria, Germany, and other countries in Continental Europe and the drug is used in Patient Controlled Analgesia pumps for severe chronic pain in particular. Metopon is listed under Schedule II of the US Controlled Substances Act 1970, meaning it has an accepted medical use, but at this time it is not produced commercially and is seen only in laboratory research. It did see some use in medicine — oncology in particular — in the US in the 1950s. Currently metopon, which has a DEA ACSCN of 9260, does not have an annual manufacturing quota listed in the Federal Register[7] and the bulk of the research on the drug at this time is taking place in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria.

Synthesis
Metopon synthesis:[8]

See also

References
  1. Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04). Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
  2. US Patent 2178010
  3. Eddy NB (November 1948). "Pharmacology of metopon and other new analgesic opium derivatives". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 51 (Art 1): 51–8. Bibcode:1948NYASA..51...51E. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1948.tb27250.x. PMID 18890117. S2CID 33179264.
  4. McLaughlin JP, Nowak D, Sebastian A, Schultz AG, Archer S, Bidlack JM (December 1995). "Metopon and two unique derivatives: affinity and selectivity for the multiple opioid receptors". European Journal of Pharmacology. 294 (1): 201–6. doi:10.1016/0014-2999(95)00536-6. PMID 8788432.
  5. Lednicer, Daniel (1982). Central Analgetics. p. 145. ISBN 0-471-08314-3.
  6. Eddy NB (January 1948). "Metopon hydrochloride (methyldihydromorphinone hydrochloride)". Canadian Medical Association Journal. 58 (1): 79. PMC 1591039. PMID 18897557.
  7. "Proposed Aggregate Production Quotas for Schedule I and II Controlled Substances and Proposed Assessment of Annual Needs for the List I Chemicals Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, and Phenylpropanolamine for 2014". Diversion Control Division. U.S. Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration.
  8. Small L, Turnbull SG, Fitch HM (1938). "The Addition of Organomagnesium Halides to Pseudocodeine Types. Iv. Nuclear-Substituted Morphine Derivatives". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 03 (3): 204. doi:10.1021/jo01220a003.
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