Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium

Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium
The Launching Pad; The House that Aaron Built
	circa late 1960s-early 1970s
Former names	Atlanta Stadium (1965–1975)
Location	521 Capitol Avenue SE; Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
Coordinates	33.739°N 84.389°W
Owner	City of Atlanta and; Fulton County
Operator	City of Atlanta and; Fulton County
Capacity	Baseball: 52,007; Football: 60,606
Field size	1966–68 & 1974–96; Left field – 330 ft (101 m); Left-Center – 385 ft (117 m); Center Field – 402 ft (123 m); Right-Center – 385 ft (117 m); Right Field – 330 ft (101 m); ; 1969–1972; Left field – 330 ft (101 m); Left-Center – 375 ft (114 m); Center Field – 402 ft (123 m); Right-Center – 375 ft (114 m); Right Field – 330 ft (101 m); ; 1973; Left field – 330 ft (101 m); Left-Center – 375 ft (114 m); Center Field – 402 ft (123 m); Right-Center – 385 ft (117 m); Right Field – 330 ft (101 m)
Surface	Natural grass
Construction
Broke ground	April 15, 1964
Opened	April 9, 1965 [1]
Closed	October 24, 1996
Demolished	August 2, 1997
Construction cost	US$18 million; ($167 million in 2023 [2])
Architect	Heery & Heery; FABRAP[1]
Structural engineer	Prybyloski & Gravino[3]
Services engineer	Lazenby & Borum[3]
General contractor	Thompson-Street Co.[3][4]
Tenants
	Atlanta Crackers (IL) (1965); Atlanta Braves (MLB) (1966–96); Atlanta Falcons (NFL) (1966–91); Atlanta Chiefs (NASL) (1967–69, 1971–72, 1979–81); Peach Bowl (NCAA) (1971–92)

Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium, often referred to as Fulton County Stadium and originally named Atlanta Stadium, was a multi-purpose stadium in the southeastern United States, located in Atlanta, Georgia. The stadium was home of the Atlanta Braves of the Major League Baseball from 1966 until 1996 and the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League from 1966 until 1991. It was built to attract an MLB team and in 1966 succeeded when the Milwaukee Braves relocated from Wisconsin.

The Braves and expansion Falcons shared the venue for 26 years, until the Falcons moved into the newly completed Georgia Dome in 1992. The Braves continued to play at the stadium for another five years, then moved into Turner Field in 1997, the converted Centennial Olympic Stadium built for the previous year's Summer Olympics, which hosted baseball events. Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium was demolished on August 2, 1997.

History

Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium in July 1985.

During his 1961 campaign for mayor of Atlanta, Ivan Allen Jr. promised to build a sports facility to attract a Major League Baseball team. After winning office, Allen chose a 47-acre (19 ha) plot in the Washington–Rawson neighborhood for the building site, citing its proximity to the state capitol, downtown businesses, and major highways. Allen and The Atlanta Journal sports editor Furman Bisher attempted to persuade Charlie Finley, owner of the Kansas City Athletics, to move his team to Atlanta. Finley was receptive and began discussing stadium design plans with Allen. However, the deal ended in July 1963 when the American League did not approve the move.[1]

In 1964, Mayor Allen announced that an unidentified team had given him a verbal commitment to move to Atlanta, provided a stadium was in place by 1966. Soon afterward, the prospective team was revealed to be the Milwaukee Braves, who announced in October that they intended to move to Atlanta for the 1965 season. However, court battles kept the Braves in Milwaukee for one last season.[5]

The new stadium was built on the site of the cleared Washington–Rawson neighborhood, which a half-century before had been a wealthy neighborhood home to Georgia's governor, among others, but which by the 1960s had fallen on hard times. Forty-seven dignitaries took part in a groundbreaking ceremony on April 15, 1964,[6] and that November, the Braves signed a 25-year agreement to play there, beginning in 1966.[7] Construction was completed on April 9, 1965, for $18 million, and that night the Milwaukee Braves and Detroit Tigers played an exhibition game in the stadium.[1][8] During that year the International League's Atlanta Crackers, whose previous home had been Ponce de Leon Park, played their final season in Atlanta Stadium.

In 1966, both the National League's transplanted Braves and the National Football League's Atlanta Falcons, an expansion team, began to use the facilities. In 1967, the Atlanta Chiefs of the National Professional Soccer League (re-formed as the North American Soccer League in 1968) began the first of five seasons played at the stadium.[9] The venue hosted the second match of the NASL Final 1968 and two matches of the NASL Final 1971.

On February 11, 1975, the stadium's name was changed to the compound Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium after the county threatened to withdraw its financial support.[10] However, the official website of the Atlanta Braves maintains that the name change occurred after Ted Turner purchased the team in 1976.[11]

The Falcons moved to the Georgia Dome in 1992, while the Braves remained until Centennial Olympic Stadium from the 1996 Summer Olympics was converted into Turner Field, which was completed just prior to the start of the 1997 season. The stadium sat 60,606 for football and 52,007 for baseball. The baseball competition for the 1996 Summer Olympics was held at Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium while the Braves were on a three-week road trip.

Demolition

Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium being demolished after implosion circa 1997.

The site where Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium once stood is now a parking lot for Turner Field.

Plaque commemorating the location of Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium's home plate, now in Turner Field's parking lot.

The fence and wall display in the center of the picture commemorates the spot at which Hank Aaron's 715th home run landed on April 8, 1974.

Following the Olympics and the 1996 World Series, Fulton County commissioner, Marvin S. Arrington Sr., wanted to preserve the stadium as the home of a future Major League Soccer franchise and share the parking facilities between it and Turner Field but he was unable to push it through.[12]

Between late 1996 and summer 1997, the inside of the stadium was demolished. The stadium was imploded on August 2, 1997; the remains were later removed and demolished. A parking lot, built for Turner Field now stands on the site, with an outline of the old stadium built in. The monument that marked the landing point of Hank Aaron's historic 715th home run stands in the same place it did when the stadium was on the site.

Redevelopment

Upon the Atlanta Braves' move to Truist Park in suburban Cobb County after the 2016 season, the stadium site and the adjacent Turner Field were purchased by Georgia State University in 2016, with final approval from the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia on November 9 of that year. Turner Field was renovated into Center Parc Stadium for the Panthers football team,[13] while new baseball and softball parks are planned for the former Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium site.[14]

Notable events

Baseball

On April 12, 1966, Joe Torre hit the first major league home run in the history of Atlanta Stadium.[15]
On July 25, 1972, the stadium hosted the Major League Baseball All-Star Game. Hank Aaron hit a home run during the game, and the National League won it, 4–3, in 10 innings.
On April 8, 1974, Hank Aaron became baseball's all-time career home run leader by hitting his 715th home run off the Los Angeles Dodgers' Al Downing.
During a series between the Braves and the San Diego Padres, one game spawned several brawls between the two teams. On August 12, 1984, Braves pitcher Pascual Pérez hit the Padres' Alan Wiggins with a pitch; Wiggins did not charge the mound, but the Padres vowed revenge on Pérez for his actions (several Padres were ejected in their subsequent attempts to hit Pérez). When Pérez was finally hit, by a pitch thrown by the Padres' Craig Lefferts, the first of many bench-clearing brawls began. By the time the game was over, both teams' lineups had been nearly emptied (due to all the ejections on both sides).[16]
The stadium hosted the World Series for the first time in 1991 when the Braves played the Minnesota Twins in what ESPN judged to be the best World Series ever played.[17] The Braves won all three games played in Atlanta, two in their final at-bat, but lost the series in seven games.
The 1992 World Series saw the Braves play the Toronto Blue Jays with the Blue Jays defeating the Braves four games to two, including two of three in Atlanta.
On July 20, 1993, a fire occurred in the stadium press box during batting practice for that evening's game against the St. Louis Cardinals. This fire occurred on the same day Fred McGriff joined the Braves.
On October 10, 1995, the Braves clinched the 1995 NLDS the 1st team to win a Division Series since the NLDS format in the playoff system began that same year. They defeated the Colorado Rockies 3 games to 1, with the decisive win at home.
On October 28, 1995, the Braves clinched the 1995 World Series by defeating the Cleveland Indians, 1–0, on a one-hit, 8-inning performance by pitcher Tom Glavine. The title was the Braves' first World Series championship in Atlanta, making one title in each of the three cities in which they have resided (also Boston and Milwaukee).
September 23, 1996, marked the stadium's final regular season game as the Braves played host to the Montreal Expos. Atlanta won the game 3–1 and clinched the NL Eastern Division title in the process.[18]
The stadium's final event was Game 5 of the 1996 World Series, when the Braves played host to the New York Yankees. The final score was 1–0 in favor of the Yankees, with the ballpark's final run scored by Charlie Hayes. The final ceremonial first pitch was thrown to Eddie Perez by former President Jimmy Carter, who had done the honors at Braves home openers while still Governor of Georgia. The winning pitcher was New York's Andy Pettitte, defeating the Braves' John Smoltz. The final hit was recorded by Atlanta's Chipper Jones, who doubled off Pettitte in the bottom of the ninth inning. Pinch-hitter Luis Polonia was the final out in Fulton County Stadium's history, hitting a deep fly ball to right-center field caught by Yankees right fielder Paul O'Neill, which gave the stadium's final save to John Wetteland. (Since no home runs were hit in that game the final home run in the stadium's history belongs to Jim Leyritz, who hit a 3-run home run in Game 4. Leyritz was also Pettitte's batterymate for Game 5.)

Football

The Pittsburgh Steelers and Minnesota Vikings played the first NFL preseason game on August 14, 1965.
On September 11, 1966, the Atlanta Falcons played their first game in the stadium and lost to the Los Angeles Rams 19–14.[1]
The Falcons' last game played at the stadium was on December 15, 1991, where they defeated the Seattle Seahawks 26–13, clinching a NFC wild-card spot for the team's first playoff berth since 1982; among some of the attendees included Wayne Newton and MC Hammer.[19]

Concerts

Date	Artist	Opening act(s)	Tour / Concert name	Attendance	Revenue	Notes
August 18, 1965	The Beatles	King Curtis Cannibal and the Headhunters Brenda Holloway Sounds Incorporated	1965 US Tour	—	—	This is the band's only concert in Atlanta.
May 4, 1973	Led Zeppelin	—	1973 North American Tour	49,233	—	It was estimated that of the 49,233 people in attendance, about 16,000 of them sat on the field making it the largest single musical performance in the history of the state.
September 22, 1973	Elton John	Sutherland Brothers & Quiver	Goodbye Yellow Brick Road Tour	—	—
August 5, 1974	Marvin Gaye	-	Let's Get It On Tour	-	-
June 5, 1976	ZZ Top	Marshall Tucker Band Elvin Bishop	Worldwide Texas Tour	45,000 / 65,000	$425,000
August 29, 1976	Kiss	Bob Seger & the Silver Bullet Band Johnny & Edgar Winter Blue Öyster Cult 38 Special	Destroyer Tour	—	—
October 26 & 27, 1984	The Jacksons		Victory Tour	61,000	$1,960,000
October 20, 1988	George Michael	The Bangles	Faith World Tour	—	—

Other events

In February 1966 Vietnam War supporters held a prayer rally that featured Dean Rusk as its keynote speaker.[1]
The stadium hosted a round of the AMA Supercross Championship 1977–1986 and 1989–1992.[20]
In 1994, the UniverSoul Circus conducted its first performance at the stadium.

Layout

The stadium was relatively nondescript, one of the many multi-purpose stadiums built during the 1960s and 1970s, similar to Veterans Stadium, RFK Stadium, the Astrodome, Three Rivers Stadium, Busch Memorial Stadium, Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum and Riverfront Stadium.

As was the case for every stadium that used this design concept, the fundamentally different sizes and shapes of baseball and football fields made it inadequate for both sports. In the baseball configuration, 70% of the seats were in foul territory.[5] In the football configuration, seats on the 50-yard-line—normally prime seats for football—were more than 50 yards (46 m) away from the sidelines.[21] One unusual feature of this stadium is the fact that, unlike most multi-purpose stadiums – where the football field was laid either parallel to one of the foul lines or running from home plate to center field – the football field here was laid along a line running between first and third base. Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum has a similar configuration.[22] Thus, a seat behind home plate for baseball would also be on the 50-yard line for football. The stadium was refurbished for the 1996 season prior to hosting the Olympic baseball competition.[23][24]

Unlike similarly designed outdoor stadiums—such as Riverfront Stadium and Busch Memorial Stadium—Fulton County Stadium always had a natural grass surface. However, for many years it was notorious for its poor field conditions.[25] Until 1989, it didn't have full-time groundskeepers. Instead, it was tended to by a municipal street-maintenance crew.[26]

Due to the elevation of the Atlanta area (situated at the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains), the stadium boasted the highest elevation in baseball when it opened, at 1,050 feet (320 m) above sea level. It retained this distinction for 27 seasons, until the expansion Colorado Rockies entered the National League in 1993. The high elevation and the Southern summer heat made it favorable to home run hitters, resulting in the nickname "The Launching Pad."[25] Until the Florida Marlins arrived (also in 1993), the stadium was the hottest in the majors.

Fulton County Stadium was designed by a joint-venture team of FABRAP (Finch Alexander Barnes Rothschild & Paschal) and Heery, Inc.[1]

Seating capacity

Baseball
Years	Capacity
1965	51,500[27]
1966–1967	50,893[28]
1968–1971	51,383[29]
1972–1973	52,744[30]
1974–1975	52,870[31]
1976–1978	51,556[32]
1979–1981	52,194[33]
1982	52,785[34]
1983–1984	52,934[35]
1985	53,046[36]
1986	52,006[37]
1987–1989	52,003[38]
1990–1991	52,007[39]
1992–1994	52,013[40]
1995	52,710[41]
1996	52,769[42]

Football
Years	Capacity
1965–1966	56,891[43]
1967–1976	58,850[43]
1977	60,489[43]
1978–1984	60,763[44]
1985–1986	59,709[45]
1987–1991	59,643[46]

References

Fenster, Kenneth R (August 4, 2006). "Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium". newgeorgiaencyclopedia.org. Georgia Humanities Council and the University of Georgia Press. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved May 28, 2023.
"New Atlanta Stadium to Stop Rubbernecking" (PDF). Modern Steel Construction. V (1): 10–11. 1965. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 14, 2012. Retrieved May 21, 2012.
"Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium". Ballparks.com. Munsey & Suppes. April 2007. Retrieved June 22, 2012.
Smith, Curt (2001). Storied Stadiums. New York City: Carroll & Graf. ISBN 0-7867-1187-6.
"Atlanta begins park construction". Lewiston Morning Tribune. Idaho. Associated Press. April 16, 1964. p. 12.
"Atlanta has long tradition of winning baseball teams". Lewiston Morning Tribune. Idaho. Associated Press. November 12, 1964. p. 19.
"Dixie-style welcome due tonight when Braves dedicate new stadium". Rome News-Tribune. Georgia. UPI. April 9, 1965. p. 10.
Atlanta Chiefs Archived December 29, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
Gray, Jim (February 12, 1975). "Fulton County Gets Name on Stadium". The Atlanta Constitution. p. 12A.
"Ballpark history". Major League Baseball Advanced Media. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
Arrington, Marvin (2008). Making My Mark. Mercer University Press. p. 167. ISBN 9780881460988.
"Georgia State buys Turner Field, will convert it for football". ESPN. Associated Press. November 9, 2016. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
Harden, Julian (June 22, 2021). "Georgia State's new baseball stadium will pay homage to Hank Aaron". Georgia State Signal. Retrieved August 8, 2021.
"Home Run Baptism of New Parks". sabr.org. Retrieved February 24, 2012.
"PADRES: Summer Hit". Archived from the original on April 18, 2010. Retrieved December 18, 2011.
"ESPN: WORLD SERIES 100th ANNIVERSARY". espn.go.com.
"1996 Atlanta Braves Schedule - Baseball-Reference.com". Baseball-Reference.com.
Bradley, Mark (February 20, 2016). "Atlanta's stadium farewells: Fun and flops". ajc.com. Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved November 22, 2021.
"2015 AMA Supercross media guide" (PDF). Amasupercross.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 13, 2016. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
Reilly, Rick. Peach State Lemons. Sports Illustrated, October 3, 1988.
"Aerial photograph of stadium" (JPG). Stadiumsofprofootball.com. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
1996 Summer Olympics official report. Volume 1. p. 539.
1996 Summer Olympics official report. Volume 3. p. 450.
Lowry, Phillip (2005). Green Cathedrals. New York City: Walker & Company. ISBN 0-8027-1562-1.
Stadium profile at Ballparks.com
"Atlanta Stadium Opens April 9". The Gadsden Times. March 14, 1965. p. 23. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
Speer, Ron (April 3, 1966). "Dixie Awaits Big League Bow". The Tuscaloosa News. Associated Press. p. 13. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
"1969 Atlanta Braves". 1969 Baseball Replay. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
"Site of 1972 All–Star Game". Star-Banner. Ocala. June 14, 1972. p. 3D. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
"Atlanta 'Salutes Aaron' in Monday Extravaganza". Spartanburg Herald-Journal. Associated Press. April 7, 1974. p. B6. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
"Stadiums of 1977". The Baseball Times. 1977. p. 5.
Smith, Chris (June 26, 1980). "Bag of Lemons". The News and Courier. Charleston, South Carolina. p. 1D. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
"Braves Playoff Tickets Almost Gone". The News and Courier. Charleston, South Carolina. Associated Press. October 6, 1982. p. 4D. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
Chick, Bob (June 15, 1983). "Fans Could Love This Kind of Stadium". Evening Independent. St. Petersburg, Florida. p. 1C. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
"National League". Orlando Sentinel. June 2, 1985. p. C7. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
"Braves Looking to Draw 50,000 for Big July 4th". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. July 4, 1986. p. E7. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
"Braves vs. Phillies". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. April 7, 1987. p. E5. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
"Braves Sellouts Are Rare". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. July 11, 1990. p. E2. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
"On Deck: Braves vs. Giants". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. April 9, 1992. p. E8. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
"Home of the Braves". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. November 5, 1995. p. E11. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
"Ballpark Blase: Fans Cool to Braves". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. April 24, 1996. p. C1. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
"Falcons Believe They Can Win". The Miami News. Associated Press. October 11, 1966. p. 3C. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
"Falcons Need a Victory". The Gadsden Times. Associated Press. October 29, 1978. p. 19. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
"Falcons-Redskins Game a Sellout". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. October 31, 1985. p. E3. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
"Owners: Attendance Will Improve". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. October 12, 1987. p. D7. Retrieved August 19, 2013.

External links

Events and tenants
Preceded by First stadium	Home of the Atlanta Falcons 1966–1991	Succeeded by Georgia Dome
Preceded by Milwaukee County Stadium	Home of the Atlanta Braves 1966–1996	Succeeded by Turner Field
Preceded by Grant Field	Home of the Peach Bowl 1971–1991	Succeeded by Georgia Dome
Preceded by Tiger Stadium	Host of the All-Star Game 1972	Succeeded by Royals Stadium

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[newGaEncyc-1] Fenster, Kenneth R (August 4, 2006). "Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium". newgeorgiaencyclopedia.org. Georgia Humanities Council and the University of Georgia Press. Retrieved June 18, 2012.

[inflation-US-2] 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved May 28, 2023.

[modern_steel-3] "New Atlanta Stadium to Stop Rubbernecking" (PDF). Modern Steel Construction. V (1): 10–11. 1965. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 14, 2012. Retrieved May 21, 2012.

[ballparks-4] "Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium". Ballparks.com. Munsey & Suppes. April 2007. Retrieved June 22, 2012.

[Storied-5] Smith, Curt (2001). Storied Stadiums. New York City: Carroll & Graf. ISBN 0-7867-1187-6.

[abpcn-6] "Atlanta begins park construction". Lewiston Morning Tribune. Idaho. Associated Press. April 16, 1964. p. 12.

[ahltrd-7] "Atlanta has long tradition of winning baseball teams". Lewiston Morning Tribune. Idaho. Associated Press. November 12, 1964. p. 19.

[exdix-8] "Dixie-style welcome due tonight when Braves dedicate new stadium". Rome News-Tribune. Georgia. UPI. April 9, 1965. p. 10.

[9] Atlanta Chiefs Archived December 29, 2007, at the Wayback Machine

[Constitution_2/12/1975-10] Gray, Jim (February 12, 1975). "Fulton County Gets Name on Stadium". The Atlanta Constitution. p. 12A.

[bravesBallparkHistory-11] "Ballpark history". Major League Baseball Advanced Media. Retrieved June 19, 2012.

[12] Arrington, Marvin (2008). Making My Mark. Mercer University Press. p. 167. ISBN 9780881460988.

[13] "Georgia State buys Turner Field, will convert it for football". ESPN. Associated Press. November 9, 2016. Retrieved November 9, 2016.

[14] Harden, Julian (June 22, 2021). "Georgia State's new baseball stadium will pay homage to Hank Aaron". Georgia State Signal. Retrieved August 8, 2021.

[15] "Home Run Baptism of New Parks". sabr.org. Retrieved February 24, 2012.

[16] "PADRES: Summer Hit". Archived from the original on April 18, 2010. Retrieved December 18, 2011.

[17] "ESPN: WORLD SERIES 100th ANNIVERSARY". espn.go.com.

[18] "1996 Atlanta Braves Schedule - Baseball-Reference.com". Baseball-Reference.com.

[19] Bradley, Mark (February 20, 2016). "Atlanta's stadium farewells: Fun and flops". ajc.com. Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved November 22, 2021.

[20] "2015 AMA Supercross media guide" (PDF). Amasupercross.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 13, 2016. Retrieved July 12, 2018.

[21] Reilly, Rick. Peach State Lemons. Sports Illustrated, October 3, 1988.

[22] "Aerial photograph of stadium" (JPG). Stadiumsofprofootball.com. Retrieved July 12, 2018.

[23] 1996 Summer Olympics official report. Volume 1. p. 539.

[24] 1996 Summer Olympics official report. Volume 3. p. 450.

[Cathedrals-25] Lowry, Phillip (2005). Green Cathedrals. New York City: Walker & Company. ISBN 0-8027-1562-1.

[26] Stadium profile at Ballparks.com

[27] "Atlanta Stadium Opens April 9". The Gadsden Times. March 14, 1965. p. 23. Retrieved August 19, 2013.

[28] Speer, Ron (April 3, 1966). "Dixie Awaits Big League Bow". The Tuscaloosa News. Associated Press. p. 13. Retrieved August 19, 2013.

[29] "1969 Atlanta Braves". 1969 Baseball Replay. Retrieved August 19, 2013.

[30] "Site of 1972 All–Star Game". Star-Banner. Ocala. June 14, 1972. p. 3D. Retrieved August 19, 2013.

[31] "Atlanta 'Salutes Aaron' in Monday Extravaganza". Spartanburg Herald-Journal. Associated Press. April 7, 1974. p. B6. Retrieved August 19, 2013.

[32] "Stadiums of 1977". The Baseball Times. 1977. p. 5.

[33] Smith, Chris (June 26, 1980). "Bag of Lemons". The News and Courier. Charleston, South Carolina. p. 1D. Retrieved August 19, 2013.

[34] "Braves Playoff Tickets Almost Gone". The News and Courier. Charleston, South Carolina. Associated Press. October 6, 1982. p. 4D. Retrieved August 19, 2013.

[35] Chick, Bob (June 15, 1983). "Fans Could Love This Kind of Stadium". Evening Independent. St. Petersburg, Florida. p. 1C. Retrieved August 19, 2013.

[36] "National League". Orlando Sentinel. June 2, 1985. p. C7. Retrieved August 19, 2013.

[37] "Braves Looking to Draw 50,000 for Big July 4th". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. July 4, 1986. p. E7. Retrieved August 19, 2013.

[38] "Braves vs. Phillies". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. April 7, 1987. p. E5. Retrieved August 19, 2013.

[39] "Braves Sellouts Are Rare". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. July 11, 1990. p. E2. Retrieved August 19, 2013.

[40] "On Deck: Braves vs. Giants". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. April 9, 1992. p. E8. Retrieved August 19, 2013.

[41] "Home of the Braves". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. November 5, 1995. p. E11. Retrieved August 19, 2013.

[42] "Ballpark Blase: Fans Cool to Braves". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. April 24, 1996. p. C1. Retrieved August 19, 2013.

[origfbcap-43] "Falcons Believe They Can Win". The Miami News. Associated Press. October 11, 1966. p. 3C. Retrieved August 19, 2013.

[44] "Falcons Need a Victory". The Gadsden Times. Associated Press. October 29, 1978. p. 19. Retrieved August 19, 2013.

[45] "Falcons-Redskins Game a Sellout". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. October 31, 1985. p. E3. Retrieved August 19, 2013.

[46] "Owners: Attendance Will Improve". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. October 12, 1987. p. D7. Retrieved August 19, 2013.

Atlanta metropolitan area sports venues
Current	Atlanta Motor Speedway (Hampton) Atlanta Silverbacks Park (Atlanta) Bobby Dodd Stadium (Atlanta) Center Parc Stadium (Atlanta) Coolray Field (Lawrenceville) Eddie S Henderson Stadium (Atlanta) Fifth Third Stadium (Kennesaw) Forbes Arena (Atlanta) Gas South Arena (Duluth) Gateway Center Arena (College Park) Georgia State Convocation Center (Atlanta) GSU Sports Arena (Atlanta) Lakewood Stadium (Atlanta) KSU Convocation Center (Kennesaw) McCamish Pavilion (Atlanta) Mercedes-Benz Stadium (Atlanta) Panther Stadium (Atlanta) Road Atlanta (Braselton) Russ Chandler Stadium (Atlanta) State Farm Arena (Atlanta) Truist Park (Cumberland)
Former	Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium (Atlanta, demolished) Centennial Olympic Stadium† (Atlanta, rebuilt) Georgia Dome (Atlanta, demolished) Herndon Stadium (Atlanta, abandoned) Omni Coliseum (Atlanta, demolished) Ponce de Leon Park (Atlanta, demolished) Stone Mountain Tennis Center (Stone Mountain, demolished) Turner Field† (Atlanta, rebuilt)
† – Centennial Olympic Stadium was rebuilt in 1997 as Turner Field. Turner Field was subsequently rebuilt in 2017 as Center Parc Stadium. See also: \|Atlanta landmarks

Atlanta Crackers
Based in Atlanta, Georgia
Ballpark	Ponce de Leon Park Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium
Seasons	1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960
Southern pennants in bold

Atlanta Falcons
Founded in 1966 Based in Atlanta, Georgia Headquartered in Flowery Branch, Georgia
Franchise	Franchise Team history Seasons Players Quarterbacks Head coaches Expansion draft Draft history First-round draft picks
Stadiums	Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium Georgia Dome Mercedes-Benz Stadium
Culture	Rankin M. Smith Sr. Arthur Blank Freddie Falcon The "Dirty Bird" (dance) "2 Legit 2 Quit" Brian Banks Quarterback
Lore	Grits Blitz Gary Anderson's missed field goal Michael Vick dog fighting investigation Timeline 28–3
Rivalries	Carolina Panthers New Orleans Saints Philadelphia Eagles
Wild card / First round berths (8)	1978 1982 1991 1995 2002 2008 2011 2017
Division championships (6)	1980 1998 2004 2010 2012 2016
Conference championships (2)	1998 2016
Ring of Honor	10 21 28 31 42 57 58 60 78 84 87
Current league affiliations	League: National Football League Conference: National Football Conference Division: South Division
Category

Venues of the 1996 Summer Olympics (Atlanta)
Olympic Ring	Alexander Memorial Coliseum Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium Clark Atlanta University Stadium Cycling road course Georgia Dome Georgia State University Gymnasium Georgia Tech Aquatic Center Georgia World Congress Center Marathon course Morehouse College Gymnasium Morris Brown College Stadium Centennial Olympic Stadium Omni Coliseum Walking course
Metro Atlanta	Atlanta Beach Georgia International Horse Park Lake Lanier Stone Mountain Park Archery Center and Velodrome Stone Mountain Tennis Center Wolf Creek Shooting Complex
Other venues	Florida Citrus Bowl (Orlando, Florida) Golden Park (Columbus, Georgia) Legion Field (Birmingham, Alabama) Ocoee Whitewater Center (Polk County, Tennessee) Orange Bowl (Miami, Florida) RFK Memorial Stadium (Washington, D.C.) Sanford Stadium (Athens, Georgia) University of Georgia Coliseum (Athens, Georgia) Wassaw Sound (Savannah, Georgia)

Olympic venues in discontinued events
Baseball	1984 (demonstration): Dodger Stadium 1988 (demonstration): Jamsil Baseball Stadium 1992: Camp Municipal de Beisbol de Viladecans, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Baseball Stadium (final) 1996: Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium 2000: Blacktown Olympic Park, Sydney Baseball Stadium (final) 2004: Hellinikon Olympic Baseball Centre 2008: Wukesong Baseball Field 2020: Yokohama Stadium, Fukushima Azuma Baseball Stadium
Basque pelota	1900: Neuilly-sur-Seine 1992 (demonstration): Pavelló de la Vall d'Hebron
Cricket	1900: Vélodrome de Vincennes
Croquet	1900: Bois de Boulogne
Jeu de paume	1908: Queen's Club
Lacrosse	1904: Francis Field 1908: White City Stadium
Polo	1900: Bois de Boulogne 1908: Hurlingham Club 1920: Ostend 1924: Bagatelle, Saint-Cloud 1936: Mayfield
Rackets	1908: All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club
Roque	1904: Francis Field
Softball	1996: Golden Park 2000: Blacktown Olympic Park 2004: Hellinikon Olympic Softball Stadium 2008: Fengtai Softball Field 2020: Yokohama Stadium
Tug of war	1900: Bois de Boulogne 1904: Francis Field 1908: White City Stadium 1912: Stockholm Olympic Stadium 1920: Olympisch Stadion
Water motorsports	1908: Southampton Water

Former stadiums of the National Football League
Early era: 1920–1940	League Park (Akron) (Akron Pros) Armory Park (Toledo Maroons) Baker Bowl (Philadelphia Eagles) Bellevue Park (Green Bay Packers) Bison Stadium (Buffalo Bison/Rangers) Borchert Field (Milwaukee Badgers, Green Bay Packers) Bosse Field (Evansville Crimson Giants) Braves Field (Boston Braves, Boston Yanks) Buffalo Baseball Park (Buffalo All-Americans) League Field (Canton) (Canton Bulldogs) City Stadium (Green Bay Packers) Clarkin Field (Hartford Blues) Cleveland Stadium (Cleveland Rams) Comiskey Park (Chicago Cardinals) Commercial Field (New York Brickley Giants) Crosley Field (Cincinnati Reds) Cubs Park/Wrigley Field (Chicago Tigers, Hammond Pros, Chicago Bears, Chicago Cardinals) Cycledrome (Providence Steam Roller) Dinan Field (Detroit Wolverines, Detroit Lions) Douglas Park (Rock Island Independents) Duluth's Athletic Park (Duluth Kelleys/Eskimos) East Hartford Velodrome (Hartford Blues) Ebbets Field (New York Brickley Giants, Brooklyn Lions, Brooklyn Dodgers) Eclipse Park (Louisville Breckenridges) Fenway Park (Boston Braves, Boston Yanks) Forbes Field (Pittsburgh Pirates/Steelers) Frankford Stadium (Frankford Yellow Jackets) Griffith Stadium (Washington) Hagemeister Park (Green Bay Packers) Horlick Field (Racine Legion, Racine Tornadoes) Kinsley Park (Providence Steam Roller) Knights of Columbus Stadium (Orange Tornadoes) Lakeside Park (Canton Bulldogs) League Park (Cleveland Tigers, Indians/Bulldogs, Rams) Lexington Park (Minneapolis Marines) Luna Park (Cleveland Panthers) Minersville Park (Pottsville Maroons) Muehlebach Field (Kansas City Blues/Cowboys) Nash Field (Kenosha Maroons) Navin Field/Briggs Stadium (Detroit Heralds/Tigers, Panthers, Lions) Neil Park (Columbus Wagner Pirates) Newark Schools Stadium (Newark Tornadoes) Newark Velodrome (Newark Tornadoes) Nickerson Field (Boston Braves) Nicollet Park (Minneapolis Marines/Red Jackets) Normal Park (Chicago Cardinals) Parkway Field (Louisville Brecks) Philadelphia Municipal Stadium (Philadelphia Eagles) Polo Grounds (New York Giants, New York Brickley Giants) Shaw Stadium (Cleveland Rams) Shibe Park (Philadelphia Eagles) Spartan Municipal Stadium (Portsmouth Spartans) Sportsman's Park (St. Louis All-Stars, St. Louis Gunners) Staley Field (Decatur Staleys) Star Park (possible, Syracuse Pros) Swayne Field (Toledo Maroons) Thompson Stadium (Staten Islands Stapletons) Triangle Park (Dayton Triangles) Wisconsin State Fair Park (Green Bay Packers) Yankee Stadium I (New York Yankees, New York Giants)
Post-War and Pre-Merger era: 1941–1969	Alumni Stadium (Boston Patriots) Astrodome (Houston Oilers) Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium (Atlanta Falcons) Balboa Stadium (San Diego Chargers) Baltimore Memorial Stadium (Baltimore Colts) Bears Stadium/Mile High Stadium (Denver Broncos) Briggs Stadium/Tiger Stadium (Detroit Lions) Busch Stadium (St. Louis Cardinals) Busch Memorial Stadium (St. Louis Cardinals) Cleveland Stadium (Cleveland Browns) Comiskey Park (Chicago Cardinals, Card-Pitt) Shibe Park/Connie Mack Stadium (Philadelphia Eagles, Phil-Pitt Steagles) Cotton Bowl (Dallas Texans, Dallas Cowboys) District of Columbia Stadium/RFK Memorial Stadium (Washington Redskins) Dyche Stadium (Chicago Bears) Ebbets Field (Brooklyn Dodgers/Tigers) Fenway Park (Boston Yanks, Boston Patriots) Forbes Field (Pittsburgh Steelers, Phil-Pitt Steagles, Card-Pitt) Frank Youell Field (Oakland Raiders) Franklin Field (Philadelphia Eagles) Griffith Stadium (Washington Redskins) Harvard Stadium (Boston Patriots) Jeppesen Stadium (Houston Oilers) Kansas City Municipal Stadium (Kansas City Chiefs) Kezar Stadium (San Francisco 49ers, Oakland Raiders) League Park (Cleveland Rams) Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum (Los Angeles Rams, Los Angeles Chargers) Metropolitan Stadium (Minnesota Vikings) Miami Orange Bowl (Miami Dolphins) Milwaukee County Stadium (Green Bay Packers) Nickerson Field (Boston Patriots) Nippert Stadium (Cincinnati Bengals) Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum (Oakland Raiders) Philadelphia Municipal Stadium (Philadelphia Eagles) Pitt Stadium (Pittsburgh Steelers) Polo Grounds (New York Giants, New York Bulldogs, New York Titans/Jets) Rice Stadium (Houston Oilers) Riverfront Stadium (Cincinnati Bengals) San Diego Stadium (San Diego Chargers) Shea Stadium (New York Jets) Tulane Stadium (New Orleans Saints) War Memorial Stadium (Buffalo Bills) Wisconsin State Fair Park (Green Bay Packers) Wrigley Field (Chicago Bears, Chicago Cardinals) Yankee Stadium I (New York Yanks, New York Giants)
Current era: 1970–present	Anaheim Stadium (Los Angeles Rams) Astrodome (Houston Oilers) Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium (Atlanta Falcons) Baltimore Memorial Stadium (Baltimore Colts, Baltimore Ravens) Busch Memorial Stadium (St. Louis Cardinals, St. Louis Rams) Candlestick Park (San Francisco 49ers) Cleveland Stadium (Cleveland Browns) Cotton Bowl (Dallas Cowboys) The Dome at America's Center (St. Louis Rams) Foxboro Stadium (New England Patriots) Georgia Dome (Atlanta Falcons) Giants Stadium (New York Giants, New York Jets) Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome (Minnesota Vikings) Kansas City Municipal Stadium (Kansas City Chiefs) Kingdome (Seattle Seahawks) Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum (Los Angeles Rams, Los Angeles Raiders) Metropolitan Stadium (Minnesota Vikings) Miami Orange Bowl (Miami Dolphins) Mile High Stadium (Denver Broncos) Milwaukee County Stadium (Green Bay Packers) Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum (Oakland Raiders) RCA Dome (Indianapolis Colts) Riverfront Stadium (Cincinnati Bengals) Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium (Washington Redskins) San Diego Stadium (San Diego Chargers) Shea Stadium (New York Jets, New York Giants) Silverdome (Detroit Lions) Sun Devil Stadium (Arizona Cardinals) Tampa Stadium (Tampa Bay Buccaneers) Texas Stadium (Dallas Cowboys) Three Rivers Stadium (Pittsburgh Steelers) Tiger Stadium (Detroit Lions) Tulane Stadium (New Orleans Saints) Veterans Stadium (Philadelphia Eagles) War Memorial Stadium (Buffalo Bills) Yankee Stadium I (New York Giants)
Stadiums used by NFL teams temporarily	Alamodome (New Orleans Saints)1 Chicago Stadium (Chicago Bears) Champaign Memorial Stadium (Chicago Bears)† Clemson Memorial Stadium (Carolina Panthers)† Dignity Health Sports Park (Los Angeles Chargers)† Frankford High School's Community Memorial Stadium (Frankford Yellow Jackets)1 Giants Stadium (New Orleans Saints)1 Grant Field (Atlanta Falcons) Husky Stadium (Seattle Seahawks)1† Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium (Tennessee Oilers)† LSU Tiger Stadium (New Orleans Saints)1 Marquette Stadium (Green Bay Packers) Philadelphia Municipal Stadium (Philadelphia Eagles)1 Shibe Park/Connie Mack Stadium (Philadelphia Eagles)1 Stanford Stadium (San Francisco 49ers)1 TCF Bank Stadium (Minnesota Vikings)1† University of Minnesota Memorial Stadium (Minnesota Vikings)1 Vanderbilt Stadium (Tennessee Titans)† Yale Bowl (New York Giants)†
Architecture portal Sports portal †= Team's stadium under construction or refurbishment at time 1 = A team used the stadium when their permanent stadium was unable to be used as a result of damage.

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
Geographic	MusicBrainz place