Bathsheba (Gentileschi)

Bathsheba is a 1636-37 painting by the Baroque painter Artemisia Gentileschi, with contributions by Viviano Codazzi (who painted the architecture at the top left of the painting) and Domenico Gargiulo (who painted the landscape).[1] It shows the Hittite woman Bathsheba being washed and tended to by her servants. At the top left of the painting, King David sees her from his palace. It was one of seven versions from the story of Bathsheba that Gentileschi painted.[2]

Bathsheba
ArtistArtemisia Gentileschi with Viviano Codazzi and Domenico Gargiulo
Yearc. 1636–1637
TypeOil on canvas
MovementBaroque
Dimensions265 cm × 210 cm (104.5 in × 82.5 in)
LocationColumbus Museum of Art, Ohio

The painting is now in the collection of the Columbus Museum of Art, Ohio.[3]

Subject

The subject, traditionally called Bathsheba at her Bath, is drawn from the Second Book of Samuel, in 2 Samuel 11, which recounts that while Bathsheba was being washed, she was seen by King David from his palace balcony. David was instantaneously smitten with Bathsheba - he invited her to his palace chambers and proceeded to seduce and impregnate her. At the time, Bathsheba was married to a soldier in David's army. He was killed shortly after the event - David then married Bathsheba and their son was born.

The painting depicts the precise moment that David spots Bathsheba (David is the tiny figure at the top left of the picture). However, the focus of the painting is entirely on the calm Bathsheba as she attended on by her servants.[4]

Interpretation

There is general agreement that this painting is in Gentileschi's latter style, when she was living in Naples[4] and more influenced by the Bolognese classicist school than by the Caravaggist paintings of her earlier career.[2] An eighteenth-century biographer went as far to make an explicit link of the style to that of the Bolognese painter Guido Reni.[1] Some art historians have been positive about the painting - Keith Christiansen says it "demonstrates the sophisticated construction of one of Artemisia's most accomplished works".[2] Letizia Treves writes that "Artemisia successfully met the challenge of composing a large scene with multiple in figures in different planes, producing one of the most accomplished works of her maturity."[4] However, Jesse Locker (who dates the painting to the 1640s rather than 1630s) says that the Bathsheba is one of her latter paintings "that to modern eyes appear anodyne, excessively finished."[5]

Condition of painting

The painting has been restored two times, in 1979 and again in 1996, repairing three tears in the canvas.[6] The quality of the paintwork still reflects the passage of time, however. The colours of some of the figures are flattened and there is much abrasion in the landscape parts of the image.[2]

Provenance

The first recorded owner of the painting was Luigi Rome, Baron of San Luigi, Naples in the 1740s,[6] who also owned a painting of Susannah by Gentileschi.[4] After passing through a series of Roman antique dealers, the painting was purchased by Colnaghi in 1962.[6] The current owners acquired the work from Colnaghi in February 1967.[7]

See also

References
  1. Vite dei pittori, scultori ed architetti napoletani di Bernardo De Dominici: 3 (in Italian). dalla Tipografia Trani. 1844. p. 414.
  2. Christiansen, Keith (2001). Orazio and Artemisia Gentileschi. Judith Walker Mann, Orazio Gentileschi, Artemisia, or 1653 Gentileschi, Museo di Palazzo Venezia, Metropolitan Museum of Art, St. Louis Art Museum. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 416. ISBN 1-58839-006-3. OCLC 47650673.
  3. "Bathsheba, c. 1636-1637". Columbus Museum of Art. 27 January 2016. Archived from the original on 2017-03-26.
  4. Treves, Letizia (2020). Artemisia. London. p. 214. ISBN 978-1-85709-656-9. OCLC 1117638110.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. Locker, Jesse (2015). Artemisia Gentileschi : the language of painting. New Haven. ISBN 978-0-300-18511-9. OCLC 877369691.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  6. Bissell, R. Ward (1999). Artemisia Gentileschi and the authority of art : critical reading and catalogue raisonné. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press. pp. 263–266. ISBN 9780271017877.
  7. "Immunity From Seizure: Artemisia" (PDF). The National Gallery, London. Retrieved 26 December 2021.


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