Commewijne District

Commewijne is a district of Suriname, located on the right bank of the Suriname River. Commewijne's capital city is Nieuw Amsterdam. Tamanredjo is another major town, while Meerzorg is the most populated.[1]

Commewijne
District
Flag of Commewijne
Flag
Map of Suriname showing Commewijne district
Map of Suriname showing Commewijne district
Coordinates: 5°52′N 55°04′W
CountrySuriname
CapitalNieuw Amsterdam
Area
 • Total2,353 km2 (908 sq mi)
Population
 (2012 census)[1]
 • Total31,420
 • Density13/km2 (35/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC-3

The district has a population of 31,420 and an area of 2,353 km2.[1]

One of the most populated of Suriname's districts, Commewijne relies primarily on agriculture for its income, with plantations dating back to the first Dutch colonisation of the area in the 17th century.[2] In the 21st century, Meerzorg has been designated as a regional centre, and suburban area for Paramaribo, and is the site of many building projects. Nieuw Amsterdam has been steadily growing as well.[3]

History

In 1621, the Dutch West India Company started to explore the Guianas, and traded with the indigenous people. When a force reporting to Francis Willoughby landed on Commewijne, there was already a small Dutch settlement who were trading with the indigenous people, and a group of Jews had arrived in Suriname in 1632. Surinam was conquered in 1667 by Abraham Crijnssen for the Dutch West India Company.[4] Commewijne became the main location for plantations during the 18th century.[2] A monument to the independence of Suriname is located in Fort Nieuw-Amsterdam.[5]

Forts
Main article: Fort Nieuw-Amsterdam

Fort Nieuw-Amsterdam is located in Nieuw Amsterdam. On 10 October 1712, Jacques Cassard captured the plantation Meerzorg for France, and threatened Paramaribo across the Suriname river.[6] To protect Paramaribo and Commewijne from future attacks, Fort Nieuw-Amsterdam was constructed, and opened in 1747.[7]

Several other small colonial forts were constructed. The redoubts Frederiksdorp, Braamspunt, and Leiden were the first towns connected to a telephone line after Paramaribo to Nieuw-Amsterdam in 1888.[8] The scale of the other forts was small, because when August Kappler visited Frederiksdorp in 1854, three soldiers were stationed there.[9]

Resorts
Resorts of Commewijne

Commewijne is divided into 6 resorts (ressorten):

Villages

Nature and tourism
Main article: Braamspunt

The Braamspunt Nature Reserve is located in Commewijne, because it is an important nesting ground for the leatherback sea turtles, and the green sea turtles.[10]

The former plantation of Frederiksdorp is located near Johan & Margaretha, and has in 2004 been designated at as a monument.[11]

Transport

Commewijne used to be isolated from Paramaribo, In 1931, a ferry opened between Meerzorg en Paramaribo,[12] but to improve access to the eastern part of Suriname, the Jules Wijdenbosch Bridge was opened on 20 May 2000 replacing the ferry. The bridge is part of the East-West Link.[13]

In 2020, plans were announced to build a bridge between Laarwijk and Domburg in order to develop the area, and relieve traffic congestion between Wanica and Commewijne.[14]

Economy

The economy is still largely built around agriculture, and the industry in the district are mainly related to agriculture as well.[3] The closure of the sugarcane factory Mariënburg in 1986 caused a regional decline.[15] Meerzorg is becoming a centre for trade. Companies and banks have started to open offices or moved to the town.[3]

References
  1. "2012 Census Resorts Suriname" (PDF). Spang Staging. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  2. "Distrikt Commewijne 1". Suriname.nu (in Dutch). Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  3. "Structuur Analyse" (PDF). Planning Office Suriname (in Dutch). Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  4. "Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch West-Indië - Page 343 - Handel en Scheepvaart" (PDF). Digital Library for Dutch Literature (in Dutch). 1916. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  5. "Monumenten in Suriname 4". Suriname.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  6. Jan Jacob Hartsinck, Digital Library for Dutch Literature (1770). "Beschryving van Guiana, of de wilde kust in Zuid-America" (in Dutch).
  7. "Geschiedenis". Fort Nieuw Amsterdam (in Dutch). Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  8. "Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch West-Indië - Page 587 - Telefonie" (PDF). Digital Library for Dutch Literature (in Dutch). 1916. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  9. "Zes jaren in Suriname". Digital Library for Dutch Literature (in Dutch). 1854. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  10. "Sea Turtles". Braamspunt.org. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  11. "FREDERIKSDORP; HERLEVING VAN EEN LANG VERGANE GLORIETIJD". United News.sr (in Dutch). Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  12. "DE GESCHIEDENIS VAN MEERZORG, ZOALS BESCHREVEN IN OUDE KRANTENBERICHTEN, DEEL 1 (1915-1940)". Plantage Jaglust (in Dutch). Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  13. "Infrastructuur". En Toen.nu (in Dutch). Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  14. "PL wil met brug Domburg-Laarwijk landbouw ontwikkelingen". Star Nieuws (in Dutch). Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  15. "1901 AD - 2000 AD Suriname in de 20e eeuw". Suriname.nu (in Dutch). Retrieved 25 May 2020.
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