Ezekiel 28

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).[3]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$^B; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$^A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$^Q; 6th century).[4][lower-alpha 1]

Map of Phoenician cities, showing Tyre and Sidon.

""Son of man, say to the prince of Tyre,

‘Thus says the Lord God:

"Because your heart is lifted up,

And you say, 'I am a god'

I sit in the seat of gods,

In the midst of the seas',

Yet you are a man, and not a god,

Though you set your heart as the heart of a god"[7]

• "Son of man" (Hebrew: בן־אדם): this phrase is used 93 times to address Ezekiel.[8]
• "Prince" (נָגִיד): the Hebrew word has a meaning of "ruler", "leader" of people, tribal "chief", a nobleman.[9][10] The "king" in verse 12 is referring to the same person.[11] The leader of Tyre is judged for his pride and self-deification.[12] During Ezekiel's time, this leader would have been the Tyrian king Ittobaal III.[13]

Are you wiser than Daniel?

Is no secret hidden from you?[14]

The name "Daniel" may refer to Danel, "a man of renown in ancient literature".[15] The text in the Jerusalem Bible reads:

You are now wiser than Daniel;

there is no sage as wise as you.[16]

You were in Eden, the garden of God;

every precious stone was your covering,

sardius, topaz, and diamond,

beryl, onyx, and jasper,

sapphire, emerald, and carbuncle;

and crafted in gold were your settings

and your engravings.

On the day that you were created

they were prepared.[17]

• Cross reference: Ezekiel 31:9, 16, 18; 36:35.[18]
• "Every precious stone was your covering": comparable to the stones in the "breastpiece of judgement" wore by the High Priest of Israel (cf. Exodus 28:17–20; 39:10–13).[18]
• "Sapphire" (Hebrew: ספיר sapîr): "a kind of gem"; "lapis lazuli"[19] (Exodus 24:10; Ezekiel 1:26).[20][21]

• Ezekiel 28 Hebrew with Parallel English
• Ezekiel 28 Hebrew with Rashi's Commentary

• Ezekiel 28 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate