Foreign relations of Latvia

Foreign relations of Latvia are the primary responsibility of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Today's Republic of Latvia regards itself as a continuation of the 1918–1940 republic. After the declaration on the restoration of its full independence on August 21, 1991, Latvia became a member of the United Nations on September 17, 1991, and is a signatory to a number of UN organizations and other international agreements. Latvia welcomes further cooperation and integration with NATO, European Union, OECD and other Western organizations. It also seeks more active participation in UN peacekeeping efforts worldwide.

Politics of Latvia
Constitution
Government
Saeima
Elections
Political parties
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations
  • Ministers of Foreign Affairs

Council of Europe, CERCO, International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Atomic Energy Agency, UNESCO, UNICEF, International Criminal Court, the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. It also is a member of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and of the North Atlantic Coordinating Council.

On September 20, 2003, in a nationwide referendum, the Latvians voted to join the European Union and Latvia's EU membership took effect on May 1, 2004.[1] Latvia became a member state of NATO on March 29, 2004.[2]

Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Riga

Diplomatic relations

Latvia maintains diplomatic relations with all UN members except Bhutan.

#CountryDate[3]
1 Denmark24 August 1991
2 Iceland26 August 1991
3 Australia27 August 1991
4 Norway27 August 1991
5 Germany28 August 1991
6 Sweden28 August 1991
7 Finland29 August 1991
8 France30 August 1991
9 Italy30 August 1991
10 Poland30 August 1991
11 Greece2 September 1991
12 Hungary2 September 1991
13 Canada3 September 1991
14 Belgium5 September 1991
15  Switzerland5 September 1991
16 United Kingdom5 September 1991
17 United States5 September 1991
18 Estonia6 September 1991
19 Bulgaria10 September 1991
20 China12 September 1991
21 Romania13 September 1991
22  Mauritania 18 September 1991
23 Netherlands24 September 1991
24 Argentina26 September 1991
25 Chile26 September 1991
26 North Korea26 September 1991
27 Slovenia30 September 1991
– Holy See1 October 1991
28 Portugal2 October 1991
29 Russia4 October 1991
30 Lithuania5 October 1991
31 Ireland9 October 1991
32 Spain9 October 1991
33 Japan10 October 1991
34 Mongolia15 October 1991
35 South Korea22 October 1991
36 Turkey22 October 1991
37 South Africa4 November 1991
38 Mexico27 November 1991
39 India7 December 1991
40 Philippines17 December 1991
41 Jamaica18 December 1991
42 New Zealand19 December 1991
43 Cyprus20 December 1991
44 Cuba20 December 1991
45 Malta1 January 1992
46 Ghana3 January 1992
47 Israel6 January 1992
48 Austria19 January 1992
49 Singapore20 January 1992
50 Egypt23 January 1992
51 Luxembourg29 January 1992
52 Ukraine12 February 1992
53 Vietnam12 February 1992
54 Yemen13 February 1992
55 Croatia14 February 1992
56 Thailand19 March 1992
57 Belarus7 April 1992
58   Nepal20 April 1992
59 Venezuela23 April 1992
60 Albania29 April 1992
61 Mozambique29 April 1992
62 Paraguay3 June 1992
63 Senegal9 June 1992
64 Tunisia26 June 1992
65 Uruguay6 July 1992
66 Iran7 July 1992
67 Brazil18 July 1992
68 Armenia22 August 1992
69 Moldova1 September 1992
70 Morocco5 October 1992
71 Cabo Verde21 October 1992
72 Ecuador21 October 1992
73 Uzbekistan3 November 1992
74 Mali26 November 1992
75 Kazakhstan10 December 1992
76 Czech Republic1 January 1993
77 Slovakia1 January 1993
78 Guatemala14 January 1993
79 Bangladesh21 January 1993
80 Oman5 February 1993
81 Turkmenistan5 February 1993
82 Georgia11 March 1993
83 Kyrgyzstan18 March 1993
84 Antigua and Barbuda19 March 1993
85 Burundi24 May 1993
86 Syria25 May 1993
87  Malaysia 12 June 1993
88 Indonesia25 August 1993
89 Azerbaijan11 January 1994
90 Panama22 March 1994
91 Seychelles24 March 1994
92  Tajikistan 11 May 1994
93 Maldives20 June 1994
94 Nicaragua20 June 1994
95 Kuwait15 July 1994
96 Sao Tome and Principe26 July 1994
97 Jordan12 September 1994
98 Laos27 April 1995
99  Colombia 19 July 1995
– Sovereign Military Order of Malta15 August 1995
100 United Arab Emirates18 September 1995
101 Cambodia22 September 1995
102 North Macedonia14 March 1996
103 Bosnia and Herzegovina19 April 1996
104 Chad23 April 1996
105 Kenya23 April 1996
106 Pakistan29 April 1996
107 Ivory Coast4 June 1996
108 Peru23 July 1996
109 Andorra27 August 1996
110 Sri Lanka19 September 1996
111 Gabon31 October 1996
112 Liechtenstein3 December 1996
113 Qatar10 December 1996
114 Guinea17 January 1997
115 Zambia27 February 1997
116 Benin19 March 1997
117 Namibia11 April 1997
118 Tanzania28 November 1997
119 Lebanon16 January 1998
120 Gambia12 March 1998
121 Algeria29 April 1998
122 Malawi10 September 1998
123 San Marino7 March 2000
124 Bahrain27 March 2000
125 Brunei14 July 2000
126 El Salvador11 January 2001
127 Serbia19 January 2001
128 Nigeria30 March 2001
129 Dominican Republic15 August 2001
130 Mauritius12 February 2003
131 Trinidad and Tobago11 March 2003
132 Botswana17 March 2003
133 Saudi Arabia21 March 2003
134 Costa Rica15 May 2003
135 Honduras1 July 2003
136 Bolivia8 July 2003
137 Iraq15 October 2004
138 Afghanistan18 January 2005
139 Bahamas20 January 2005
140 Belize3 February 2005
141 Guyana16 March 2005
142 Montenegro19 June 2006
143 Saint Lucia21 June 2006
144 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines25 August 2006
145 Haiti14 December 2006
146  Libya 16 February 2007
147  Rwanda 10 April 2007
148  Dominica 27 September 2007
149  Fiji 7 March 2008
150  Ethiopia 11 March 2008
151  Barbados 15 May 2008
–  Kosovo 10 June 2008
152  Monaco 15 October 2008
153  Equatorial Guinea 13 November 2008
154  Suriname 20 May 2009
155  Saint Kitts and Nevis 8 June 2009
156  Comoros 24 February 2010
157  Democratic Republic of the Congo 14 January 2011
158  Burkina Faso 6 April 2011
159  Angola 7 July 2011
160  Tuvalu 7 July 2011
161  Djibouti 30 March 2012
162  Eritrea 5 April 2012
163  Niger 17 April 2012
164  Central African Republic 30 May 2012
165  Samoa 28 June 2012
166  Solomon Islands 28 June 2012
167  Grenada 19 September 2012
168  Myanmar 26 September 2012
169  Republic of Congo 26 September 2013
170  Timor-Leste 27 September 2013
171  Uganda 1 October 2013
172  Lesotho 10 February 2014
173  Liberia 10 April 2014
174  Togo 23 September 2014
175  Somalia 26 September 2014
176  Sierra Leone 12 December 2014
177  Sudan 23 January 2015
178  Zimbabwe 23 January 2015
179  Federated States of Micronesia 25 February 2015
180  Palau 20 March 2015
181  Vanuatu 7 April 2015
182  Kiribati 10 April 2015
183  Cameroon 16 April 2015
184  Papua New Guinea 9 May 2018
185  Nauru 21 May 2018
186  Madagascar 26 September 2018[4]
187  Eswatini 16 November 2018[4]
188  Tonga 28 October 2020[4]
189  Guinea-Bissau 14 July 2021[4]
190  South Sudan 23 September 2021[5]
191  Marshall Islands 19 September 2022[6]

Relations by country
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Albania1928-02-16, 1992-04-22
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1928 and were restored in 1992.[7]
  • Albania is represented in Latvia by its embassy in Warsaw, Poland.[7]
  • Latvia is represented in Albania by its embassy in Rome, Italy and an honorary consulate in Tirana.[8]
  • Both countries have a number of bilateral agreements.[9]
 Armenia1992-08-22 See Armenia–Latvia relations
  • Armenia is represented in Latvia through its embassy in Warsaw (Poland).
  • Latvia is represented in Armenia through a non-resident ambassador based in Riga (at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs) and through an honorary consulate in Yerevan.[10]
  • Latvia has recognized the Armenian genocide in 2021.
  • Latvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Armenia[11]
 Azerbaijan1994-01-11[12]See Azerbaijan–Latvia relations
 Bulgaria1922-05-24, 1991-09-10[14]See Bulgaria–Latvia relations

Bulgaria is represented in Latvia through its embassy in Warsaw (Poland) and through an honorary consulate in Riga. Latvia is represented in Bulgaria through its embassy in Warsaw (Poland) and through an honorary consulate in Sofia. Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union.

 Canada1921-01-26, 1991-08-26[15]See Canada–Latvia relations
 China
 Colombia1922-07-08, 1995-07-19[17]
  • Colombia counts with an honorary consulate in Riga.[18]
  • Latvia counts with an honorary consulate in Bogotá and is represented by the German embassy in Colombia for consular services only.[19]
  • Colombia recognized Latvia as an independent country after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.[20]
 CroatiaSee Foreign relations of Croatia
 CyprusSee Cyprus–Latvia relations
 Czech Republic
  • Czech Republic has an embassy in Riga.
  • Latvia has an embassy in Prague.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
 DenmarkSee Denmark–Latvia relations
 Estonia1919-07-21, 1991-09-06[23]See Estonia–Latvia relations
  • Both states share a long common history: before 1918, they were both part of the Russian Empire.[24]
  • They were both re-occupied by the USSR between 1945 and 1991. Both countries established diplomatic relations on January 3, 1992.
  • Estonia has an embassy in Riga. Latvia has an embassy in Tallinn.
  • The two states share 343 km of common borders.
 FinlandSee Finland–Latvia relations
  • Finland has an embassy in Riga.
  • Latvia has an embassy in Helsinki.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
 France1921-01-26, 1991-08-30See France–Latvia relations
  • France has an embassy in Riga.
  • Latvia has an embassy in Paris.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
 GeorgiaSee Georgia–Latvia relations
 GermanySee Germany–Latvia relations
  • Germany has an embassy in Riga.
  • Latvia has an embassy in Berlin.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
 GreeceSee Greece-Latvia relations
 IcelandSee Iceland–Latvia relations

Iceland was the first country to recognise the independence of Latvia in August 1991. Both countries re-established diplomatic relations on August 22, 1991. Iceland is represented in Latvia through its embassy in Helsinki (Finland). Latvia is represented in Iceland through its embassy in Oslo (Norway) and an honorary consulate in Reykjavik. Both countries are full members of the Council of the Baltic Sea States, of NATO, and of the Council of Europe.

 Iraq2004-10-15
  • Iraq recognized the independence of Latvia on January 1, 1992.[25]
  • In 2005, a project entitled Latvian Government's Assistance to Iraq in the Documentation of Architectural and Archaeological Objects with Photogrammetric Methods was implemented.la
  • Latvia's participation in the Iraq War commenced in May 2003. At their peak the number of Latvian soldiers in Iraq was 126. They were withdrawn on November 8, 2008.[26]
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia: Iraq[27]
 Israel1992-01-06See Israel–Latvia relations
 Kazakhstan1992-12-30 See Kazakhstan–Latvia relations
  • Kazakhstan recognised Latvia's independence on December 23, 1991.
  • Latvia recognised the independence of Kazakhstan on January 8, 1992.
  • Kazakhstan is represented in Latvia through its embassy in Vilnius (Lithuania) and though an honorary consulate in Riga.[30]
  • Latvia has an embassy in Nur-Sultan and an honorary consulate in Almaty.
  • Latvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Kazakhstan[31]
 KosovoSee Kosovo–Latvia relations

Latvia recognized it on February 20, 2008.[32] Latvian and Kosovan governments established diplomatic relations on June 10, 2008.[33] However, Latvia's involvement in Kosovo date back to 2000 when it first sent peacekeeping troops.

 Kyrgyzstan1993-03-18
 Lithuania1991-10-05 See Latvia–Lithuania relations
  • Latvia has an embassy in Vilnius.[35]
  • Lithuania has an embassy in Riga.[36]
  • The two states share 588 kilometres (365 mi) of common border. Both countries are full members of the European Union.
 Luxembourg
  • Luxembourg did not recognise the annexation of the Baltic States by the USSR in 1940–1991 either de jure or de facto.
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries were restored on April 21, 1992.
  • Latvia is represented in Luxembourg through its embassy in Brussel (Belgium) and through an honorary consulate in Luxembourg City. Luxembourg is represented in Latvia through its embassy in Warsaw (Poland) and through an honorary consulate in Riga.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union.
 Malaysia

Latvia doesn't have any embassy in Malaysia.[37] while Malaysian embassy in Helsinki is accredited to Latvia.[38][39]

 MexicoNovember 27, 1991See Latvia–Mexico relations
  • Latvia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States, and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.[40]
  • Mexico is accredited to Latvia from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden and maintains an honorary consulate in Riga.[41]
 Moldova
 MontenegroSee Latvia–Montenegro relations
 NetherlandsSee Latvia–Netherlands relations
 NorwaySee Latvia–Norway relations
 Poland1991-08-30See Latvia–Poland relations
 Romania1922-01-03
  • Between June 2, 1922 – October 18, 1939, the diplomatic representation of Latvia in Romania was handled by the Latvian legation in Prague, in then neighbouring Czechoslovakia. In 1924, Latvia opened 3 honorary consulates in Romania (in Bucharest, Constanţa and Galaţi). In May 1929, Romania opened its legation in Riga.
  • On October 18, 1939, Latvia opened its legation in Bucharest.
  • Romania recognized Latvia on August 26, 1991.
  • Both countries re-established diplomatic relations on September 13, 1991.
  • Latvia is represented in Romania through its embassy in Warsaw (Poland).
  • Romania is represented in Latvia through its embassy in Vilnius (Lithuania) and an honorary consulate in Riga.[45]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO, the European Union, and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
  • Latvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Romania[46]
 Russia1920-10-04 and again 1991-10-04See Latvia–Russia relations
  • Until 1917, Latvia had been part of the Russian empire. Following the Latvian declaration of independence, war broke out between Latvia and the Russian SFSR.
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries were first established in 1920, following the conclusion of a Soviet-Latvian peace treaty on August 11, 1920.[47] The treaty was ratified by the Latvian Constituent Assembly on September 2, and by the Latvian government on September 25. On the Russian side, it was ratified by the Pan Russian Central Executive Committee on September 9. Ratification letters were exchanged between the two governments in Moscow on October 4, the date on which in entered into effect. These relations lasted until the Soviet take over of Latvia in 1940.
  • Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Russian government recognized the independence of Latvia on August 24, 1991.
  • Russia expresses concern for how Latvia's language and naturalization laws effect Latvia's Russian-speaking population. Russians comprised 27.6% of the population in 2010. In turn, Latvia is interested in the welfare of ethnic Latvians still residing in Russia. The latest Russian census shows about 40,000 still living in Russia, but sources indicate that given the probability of an undercount, Latvians in Russia probably number about 50,000–60,000.
 Serbia2001-01-19
  • Latvia has a non-resident ambassador in Riga (in the Foreign Ministry).
  • Serbia is represented in Latvia through its embassy in Stockholm (Sweden).
  • Latvia is an EU member and Serbia is an EU candidate.
  • Latvian Foreign Ministry about relations with Serbia[48]
  • Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Latvia[49]
 Slovakia
  • Both countries established direct diplomatic relations on January 1, 1993. Latvia is represented in Slovakia through its embassy in Vienna (Austria). Slovakia has an embassy in Riga. Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union. Latvian Foreign Minister Indulis Berzins and his Slovak counterpart Eduard Kukan met in Riga in 2000.[50]
 South Korea1991-10-22[51] See Latvia – South Korea relations[52]

The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and Latvijas Republika began on 1991-10-22.

  • The two countries have good relations.
  • Deputy Minister for Political Affairs Lee Kyung-soo visited to the Latvia in December 2018 and attended a plaque-hanging ceremony of the Republic of Korea embassy in Riga which is the Republic of Korea's first permanent mission in the Baltic region and a reception to celebrate the opening of the embassy.[53]
    • Latvian embassy[54] and an Honorary Consuls in Seoul.[55]
    • South Korean embassy in Latvia.[56]
 SpainSee Latvia–Spain relations
 SwedenSee Latvia–Sweden relations
 Taiwan1923See Foreign relations of Taiwan
  • Both countries had relations from 1923 to 1991.
  • The Republic of China (Taiwan) never recognized the de jure incorporation of Latvia into the Soviet Union.
 Tajikistan1994-05-11
 TurkeySee Latvia–Turkey relations
  • Latvia has an embassy in Ankara.
  • Turkey has an embassy in Riga.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
 Ukraine1992-02-12 See Latvia–Ukraine relations
  • Latvia has an embassy in Kyiv and 2 honorary consulates (in Lviv and Odesa).[57]
  • Ukraine has an embassy in Riga and an honorary consulate in Ventspils.[58]
  • There are around 92,000 Ethnic Ukrainians living in Latvia.
  • Latvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Ukraine[59]
 United Kingdom1991-09
  • Britain had strong links with Latvia before the Soviet occupation and annexation in 1940, which the UK never recognised de jure.
  • The UK recognised the restoration of Latvian independence on August 27, 1991.
  • The United Kingdom has an embassy in Riga.[60]
  • Latvia has an embassy in London and 3 honorary consulates (in Manchester, Scotland and Wales).[61]
  • There were 26,000 Latvian people registered as living in the United Kingdom in 2010.[62]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
  • British Foreign and Commonwealth Office about relations with Latvia[63]
  • Latvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with the United Kingdom[64]
 United States1922-07-28 See Latvia – United States relations
  • The U.S. Legation in Riga was officially established on November 13, 1922 and served as the headquarters for U.S. representation in the Baltics during the interwar era. The Soviet invasion forced the closure of the legation on September 5, 1940, but Latvian representation in the United States has continued uninterrupted for 85 years.
  • The U.S. Embassy in Latvia is located in Riga.
  • [65]

See also

References
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