Francis Pharcellus Church

Francis Pharcellus Church (February 22, 1839 – April 11, 1906) was an American publisher and editor. Born in Rochester, New York, he graduated from Columbia University and embarked on a career in journalism. With his brother, William Conant Church, Francis founded and edited several periodicals: The Army and Navy Journal, The Galaxy, and the Internal Revenue Record and Customs Journal. He was a war correspondent for The New York Times during the American Civil War. He worked at The New York Sun in the early 1860s and again from 1874 till his death, writing thousands of editorials.

Francis Pharcellus Church
Francis Pharcellus Church pictured wearing a collared shirt and with a mustache
Francis Pharcellus Church
BornFebruary 22, 1839
Rochester, New York, US
DiedApril 11, 1906(1906-04-11) (aged 67)
New York City, US
Alma materColumbia University (BA, MA)
Occupation(s)Publisher, editor
Refer to the caption
Church's The New York Sun editorial of September 21, 1897, "Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus

In 1897, Church wrote the editorial "Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus". Produced in response to eight-year-old Virginia O'Hanlon's letter asking whether Santa Claus was real, the widely republished editorial has become one of the most famous ever written. Church died in New York City and is buried at Sleepy Hollow Cemetery.

Early life and education

Francis "Frank" Pharcellus Church was born in Rochester on February 22, 1839, to Pharcellus Church, a Baptist minister,[1][2] and Chara Emily Church (née Conant). He had three sisters; an older brother, William Conant Church;[2] and a younger brother, John Adams Church.[3] As a child, Francis looked up to William "as his 'big brother' and was his 'admiring satellite'."[4] In 1848, the family moved to Boston, where Pharcellus preached at Bowdoin Square Baptist Church and edited the Watchman and Reflector, a weekly Baptist newspaper. In 1852, Pharcellus' health failed; he resigned his pastorship and moved the family to Chara's home in Vermont. The following year, the family moved a final time, to Brooklyn.[4] Francis began to attend Manhattan's Columbia Grammar & Preparatory School, whose headmaster was Charles Anthon.[5] His education was centered around math and foreign languages.[3]

Francis Church matriculated at Columbia College in New York City, where he graduated with honors in 1859.[1] He earned a Master of Arts two years later.[6] Although Church had entered university studying law and divinity,[1][7] and spent a time studying under the judge Hooper C. Van Vorst,[5] he soon switched his focus completely to writing[1] and had graduated Columbia studying journalism.[7]

Writing and publishing career

After graduation, Church found work at The New York Chronicle, which was published by his father and brother. For a time after William left to work at The Sun, Francis Church was the chief assistant at the Chronicle, but he eventually left to work at The Sun as well.[3] In 1862, he covered the American Civil War for The New York Times.[2]

In 1863, Church, his brother William, and others established The Army and Navy Journal[3] to promote loyalty to the Union during the Civil War and report on military affairs. During the war, Church worked for the Journal as a war correspondent, and from 1863 to 1865, he was an editor and publisher of the Journal.[2] He remained co-publisher until 1874.[3]

In 1866, the brothers founded the Galaxy literary magazine as a competitor to The Atlantic Monthly;[8]: 137 [3] Church was a publisher for two years[3] and an editor there until 1872[2] or 1878.[3] The Dictionary of Literary Biography credits Francis with doing "most of the editorial work."[3] As editors, the brothers became known for their heavy-handed style, for instance cutting major parts of Rebecca Harding Davis's Waiting for the Verdict when they serialized it.[9] Supported by literary figures, notably Edmund Clarence Stedman, the brothers worked to attract the best authors possible to their publication, though they focused on New York authors and largely ignored the well-established literary society in New England.[3] Stedman, while speaking about the editors in 1903, stated that the magazine focused on featuring authors from across the United States and did not focus on publishing works from popular authors.[10]

They published the magazine fortnightly for a year, then switched to a monthly format. In 1870, Church proposed that Mark Twain contribute a "Memoranda" column in the magazine, a request Twain accepted; he edited the column from May 1870 to March 1871. Altogether, the magazine published the work of more than 600 authors,[3] including Rebecca Harding Davis, Henry James, John William De Forest, Rose Terry Cooke, John Esten Cooke, and Constance Fenimore Woolson.[3][11] The magazine's circulation peaked around 21,000 in 1871 and fell dramatically afterwards.[3] The Galaxy merged with the Atlantic Monthly in 1878.[8]: 137 

Church also managed the Internal Revenue Record and Customs Journal with his brother from 1870 to 1895.[1][3] He was re-hired as a part-time editor and writer at the New York Sun in 1874.[2][3] He started working full-time there after leaving The Galaxy.[2] In this capacity, Church published thousands of editorials, most of which attracted little note.[3] One of his more popular editorials was in response to a maid asking about etiquette, after which Church wrote a series of additional replies to letters asking for advice.[12] He continued to work for The Sun until his death in 1906.[2][3]

Edward Page Mitchell, The Sun's editor-in-chief, later said Church had "a knowledge of journalistic history and an insight into journalistic character that could hardly be expected of any but a major figure in the profession."[3] Mitchell also considered Church "energetic and a brilliant conversationalist."[7] An obituary published in The New York Times described Church as not being well known among literary circles because his reputation had been "merged" with that of The Sun, but among those who knew him he was "highly and justly esteemed." It said his editorial style specialized in treating theological topics "from a secular point of view."[13] [14] He disliked politics.[7]

"Yes, Virginia"
Main article: Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus

In 1897, Mitchell gave Church a letter written to the Sun by 8-year-old Virginia O'Hanlon, who wanted to know whether there truly is a Santa Claus.[15] In Church's 416-word response,[7] he wrote that Santa exists "as certainly as love and generosity and devotion exist".[16] "Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus"[17] became Church's best-known work and the most reprinted editorial in newspaper history.[18]

Mitchell reported that Church, who was initially reluctant to write a response, produced it "in a short time"[3] during an afternoon.[19]: 90  Upon publication on September 21, 1897, journalist Charles Anderson Dana described Church's writing as "Real literature," and said, "Might be a good idea to reprint it every Christmas—yes, and even tell who wrote it!"[15]

The editorial was first reprinted five years later to answer readers' demand for it. The Sun started reprinting the editorial annually in 1920 at Christmas, and continued until the paper's bankruptcy in 1950.[20] Because the Sun traditionally did not byline their editorials, Church was not known to be the author until his death in 1906.[21] The editorial is just one of two whose authorship the Sun disclosed.[7]

The editorial, which has been described as "the most famous editorial in history", has been translated into 20 languages, set to music, and adapted into at least two movies.[22]: 244–245 [23] A book based on the editorial, Is there a Santa Claus?, was published in 1921.[3]

Personal life and death
The monument of Francis Pharcellus Church in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery

In 1871, he married Elizabeth Wickham, who was from Philadelphia.[24][25] In 1882 or 1883, Church moved from 107 East 35th Street to the Florence Apartment House, located at East 18th Street and East Union Place (now known as Park Avenue South). He and his wife lived there until 1890.[26] They had no children.[19]: 91 

He was a member of the Sons of the Revolution, the National Sculpture Society, and the Century Association.[2]

Church died in New York City on April 11, 1906, at the age of 67,[1] at his home on 46 East 30th Street.[5] He had an unknown illness for several months before his death.[25] He was buried in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery in Sleepy Hollow, New York.[27]

References
  1. "'His Art Alone Endures'". The Tribune. December 9, 1930. p. 6. Retrieved December 19, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  2. Mynatt, Jenai (2004). Contemporary authors. [electronic resource] : a bio-bibliographical guide to current writers in fiction, general nonfiction, poetry, journalism, drama, motion pictures, television, and other fields. Detroit, Michigan: Gale. pp. 72–73. ISBN 978-0-7876-9295-7.
  3. Frasca, Ralph (1989). "William Conant Church (August 11, 1836–May 23, 1917) and Francis Pharcellus Church (February 22, 1839–April 11, 1906)". Dictionary of Literary Biography.
  4. Bigelow, Donald Nevius (1952). William Conant Church & the Army and Navy Journal. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 11–12. ISBN 978-0-404-51576-8.
  5. "Obituary Notes". The Publishers' Weekly: 1173–1174. April 14, 1906.
  6. "Francis Pharcellus Church". New-York Tribune. April 12, 1906. p. 2. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
  7. Ranniello, Bruno (December 25, 1969). "'Yes, Virginia' Editorialist: Francis Pharcellus Church". The Bangor Daily News. p. 22. Retrieved December 20, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. O'Brien, Frank Michael (1928). The story of the Sun, New York: 1833-1928. D. Appleton and Co.
  9. Mott, Frank Luther (1967). A History of American Magazines Volume III: 1865–1885. Harvard University Press. pp. 21–22. LCCN 39-2823.
  10. Scholnick, Robert (1972). "Whitman and the Magazines: Some Documentary Evidence". American Literature. 44 (2): 222–246. doi:10.2307/2924507. ISSN 0002-9831. JSTOR 2924507 – via JSTOR.
  11. Twain, Mark (1999). Mark Twain at the Buffalo express : articles and sketches by America's favorite humorist. DeKalb : Northern Illinois University Press. pp. xxxi, xxxix. ISBN 978-0-87580-249-7.
  12. Gilbert, Kevin (2015). "Famous New Yorker: Francis Pharcellus Church" (PDF). New York News Publisher's Association. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-12-20.
  13. "Francis P. Church". The New York Times. 1906-04-13. p. 10. Retrieved 2023-01-15.
  14. "Francis P. Church". The New York Times. April 13, 1906. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
  15. Turner, Hy B. (1999). When giants ruled : the story of Park Row, New York's great newspaper street. New York : Fordham University Press. pp. 129–130. ISBN 978-0-8232-1943-8.
  16. Editorial Board (December 24, 2014). "'Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus': Read the iconic 1897 editorial that continues to bring Christmas joy". New York Daily News.
  17. "'Yes, Virginia, There is a Santa Claus'". Newseum. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  18. Campbell, W. Joseph (Spring 2005). "The grudging emergence of American journalism's classic editorial: New details about 'Is There A Santa Claus?'". American Journalism Review. University of Maryland, College Park: Philip Merrill College of Journalism. 22 (2): 41–61. doi:10.1080/08821127.2005.10677639. S2CID 146945285. Retrieved October 29, 2007.
  19. Forbes, Bruce David (October 10, 2007). Christmas A Candid History. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. doi:10.1525/9780520933729. ISBN 978-0-520-93372-9.
  20. Applebome, Peter (December 13, 2006). "Tell Virginia the Skeptics Are Still Wrong". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
  21. Sebakijje, Lena. "Research Guides: Yes Virginia, there is a Santa Claus: Topics in Chronicling America: Introduction". Library of Congress. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
  22. Bowler, Gerald (2005). Santa Claus : a biography. Toronto : McClelland & Stewart. ISBN 978-0-7710-1532-8.
  23. Vinciguerra, Thomas (September 21, 1997). "Yes, Virginia, a Thousand Times Yes". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
  24. Hamersly, Lewis Randolph; Leonard, John W.; Mohr, William Frederick; Knox, Herman Warren; Holmes, Frank R.; Downs, Winfield Scott (1907). Who's who in New York City and State. L.R. Hamersly Company. p. 280.
  25. "Francis P. Church Dead". The New York Times. April 12, 1906. p. 9. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
  26. Gretchko, John M. (2014). "The Florence". Leviathan. 11: 22–32. doi:10.1353/lvn.2014.0014. S2CID 201764074. ProQuest 1529942018 – via ProQuest.
  27. "Honored". Livingston County Daily Press and Argus. May 23, 2016. pp. A2. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
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