Games Workshop

Games Workshop Group (often abbreviated as GW) is a British manufacturer of miniature wargames, based in Nottingham, England. Its best-known products are Warhammer and Warhammer 40,000.

For the unrelated defunct American company, see Game Designers' Workshop.

Games Workshop Group plc
TypePublic limited company
IndustryMiniature wargaming
Founded1975 (1975) in London, England
Founder
HeadquartersNottingham, England
Key people
  • Nick Donaldson (Non-Executive Chairman)
  • Kevin Rountree (CEO)
Products
RevenueIncrease £386.8 million (2022)[1]
Increase £157.1 million (2022)[1]
Increase £128.4 million (2022)[1]
Subsidiaries
Websitewww.games-workshop.com

Founded in 1975 by John Peake, Ian Livingstone and Steve Jackson, Games Workshop was originally a manufacturer of wooden boards for games including backgammon, mancala, nine men's morris and Go. It later became an importer of the U.S. role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons, and then a publisher of wargames and role-playing games in its own right, expanding from a bedroom mail-order company in the process. It expanded into Europe, the US, Canada, and Australia in the early 1990s. All UK-based operations were relocated to the current headquarters in Lenton, Nottingham in 1997.

It started promoting games associated with The Lord of the Rings film trilogy in 2001. It also owns Forge World (which makes complementary specialist resin miniatures and conversion kits). It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.

History

Early years

Founded in 1975 at 15 Bolingbroke Road, London by John Peake, Ian Livingstone and Steve Jackson (not to be confused with U.S. game designer Steve Jackson), Games Workshop was originally a manufacturer of wooden boards for games including backgammon, mancala, nine men's morris, and Go.[2] It later became an importer of the U.S. role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons, and then a publisher of wargames and role-playing games in its own right, expanding from a bedroom mail-order company in the process.[3]

Cover of White Dwarf Issue #1, June/July 1977

In order to promote their business and postal games, create a games club, and provide an alternative source for games news, the newsletter Owl and Weasel[4] was founded in February 1975. This was superseded in June 1977 by White Dwarf.[5]

From the outset, there was a clear, stated interest in print regarding "progressive games", including computer gaming,[6] which led to the departure of John Peake in early 1976, who preferred "traditional games" (such as backgammon). The loss of Peake also meant the loss of the fledgling company's main source of income.[7] However, having successfully obtained official distribution rights to Dungeons & Dragons and other TSR products in the UK, and maintaining a high profile by running games conventions, the business grew rapidly. It opened its first shop in April 1978.[8]

Games Workshop opening day at 1 Dalling Road, Hammersmith, London, in April 1978.[9][10][11]

In late 1978 Games Workshop provided the funding to co-found Citadel Miniatures in Newark-on-Trent. Citadel would produce the metal miniatures used in its role-playing games and tabletop wargames. The "Citadel" name became synonymous with Games Workshop Miniatures, and continues to be a trademarked brand name used in association with them long after the Citadel company was absorbed into Games Workshop.[12][13] For a time Gary Gygax promoted the idea of TSR, Inc. merging with Games Workshop, until Steve Jackson and Ian Livingstone backed out.[14]

The company's publishing arm also released UK reprints of American RPGs such as Call of Cthulhu, Runequest, Traveller and Middle-earth Role Playing, which were expensive to import (having previously done so for Dungeons & Dragons since 1977).[15]

In 1984 Games Workshop ceased distributing its products in the U.S. through hobby games distributors and opened its Games Workshop (U.S.) office. Games Workshop (U.S.), and Games Workshop in general, grew significantly in the late 1980s, with over 250 employees on the payroll by 1990.[16]

Refocus

Tom Kirby became General Manager in 1986.[17] Following a management buyout by him and Bryan Ansell in December 1991, when Livingstone and Jackson sold their shares for £10 million,[18] Games Workshop refocused on their miniature wargames Warhammer Fantasy Battle (WFB) and Warhammer 40,000 (WH40k), their most lucrative lines. The retail chain refocused on a younger, more family-oriented market. The change of direction was a great success and the company enjoyed growing profits, but the more commercial direction of the company made it lose some of its old fan base. A breakaway group of two company employees published Fantasy Warlord in competition with Games Workshop, but the new company met with little success and closed in 1993. Games Workshop expanded in Europe, the US, Canada and Australia, opening new branches and organising events in each new commercial territory. Having been acquired by private equity firm ECI Partners the company was floated on the London Stock Exchange in October 1994.[19][20] In October 1997 all UK-based operations were relocated to the current headquarters in Lenton, Nottingham.[21]

The company diversified by acquiring Sabretooth Games (card games), creating the Black Library (literature), and working with THQ (computer games).[22]

A Games Workshop store in Düsseldorf, Germany, pictured in 2009

In late 2009 Games Workshop issued a succession of cease and desist orders against various Internet sites it accused of violating its intellectual property generating anger and disappointment from its fan community.[23][24]

On 16 May 2011, Maelstrom Games announced that Games Workshop had revised the terms and conditions of their trade agreement with independent stockists in the UK. The new terms and conditions restricted the sale of all Games Workshop products to within the European Economic Area.[25]

On 16 June 2013, WarGameStore, a UK-based retailer of Games Workshop products since 2003, announced further changes to Games Workshop's trade agreement with UK-based independent stockists.[26]

Tom Kirby stepped down in 2017.[27]

In July 2021, Games Workshop made changes to their IP guidelines, adopting a "zero tolerance" stance towards fan-made games, videos and animations, drawing criticism from fans.[28][29][30]

The presence of Games Workshop in the East Midlands has led the region to become the centre of the wargames industry in the UK, known as the lead belt with numerous other companies founded by former employees.[31]

Operations

Licensing

Alongside the UK publishing rights to several American role-playing games in the 1980s (including Call of Cthulhu, Runequest[32] and Middle-earth Role Playing,[33]) Games Workshop also secured the rights to produce miniatures or games for several classic British science fiction properties such as Doctor Who[34][35] and several characters from 2000 AD including Rogue Trooper and Judge Dredd.[36] Alongside the rights to reprint Iron Crown Enterprises' Middle-earth Role Playing, Citadel Miniatures acquired the rights to produce 28 mm miniatures based on The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit.[37]

In conjunction with the promotion of The Lord of the Rings film trilogy in 2001, Games Workshop acquired the rights to produce a skirmish wargame and miniatures, using the movies' production and publicity art, and information provided by the original novels by J.R.R. Tolkien. A 25 mm scale was used.[38] The rights to produce a role-playing game using the films' art and both the book and the movies' plots and characters were sold to another firm, Decipher, Inc. Games Workshop also produced a Battle of Five Armies game based on a culminating episode in The Hobbit, using 10 mm scale.[39]

On 10 February 2011 Warner Bros. Consumer Products announced that it had extended its six-year agreement with Games Workshop, continuing its exclusive, worldwide rights to produce tabletop games based on "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings." Games Workshop announced plans to expand their offerings of battle-games and model soldiers, and to continue to develop and increase offerings based on J.R.R. Tolkien's fantasy books.[40]

Group divisions

Games Workshop has expanded into several divisions/companies producing products related to the Warhammer universe.

  • Forge World makes specialist resin miniatures and conversion kits for Games Workshop's titles as well as its Specialist Games range. Forge World was also responsible for the Warhammer Historical line of historical wargames rules, including Warhammer Ancient Battles, all of which were previously published by as a component of Black Library.[41] In August 2018, Forge World announced substantial changes to its U.S. pricing model in exchange for faster and less costly shipping services to the United States.[42]
  • BL Publishing was the fiction, board game and roleplaying game publishing arm of Games Workshop. They comprised several separate imprints; Black Library, Black Flame and Solaris Books. Warp Artefacts used to produce merchandise based on Games Workshop's intellectual property; they are now folded into BLP as BL Merchandise.[43]

The company has hard-to-reproduce, unique intellectual property, and a good export record. Sales slowed around 1999-2000 due to supply chain issues, but quickly rebounded a few years later.[44]

Miniature games

Games Workshop previously produced miniature figures via an associated, originally independent, company called Citadel Miniatures while the main company concentrated on retail. The distinction between the two blurred after Games Workshop stores ceased to sell retail products by other manufacturers, and Citadel was effectively merged back into Games Workshop.[45]

Current core games

The following games were in production as of 2023:

Other games

The following games were in production as of 2021:[47]

  • Adeptus Titanicus – A new version of the original game (released 2019).
  • Aeronautica Imperialis – Aerial combat game, updated from the Forge World version (released 2019).
  • Blood Bowl – an American football style game using fantasy creatures. Originally released in 1986, it was revived in 2016 with a "Second Season Edition" in 2020.
  • Necromunda – a skirmish game set on a hive world which pits gangs of humans against each other, using modified 2nd edition Warhammer 40,000 rules, which are more detailed than newer editions and more suitable for skirmish games. Originally printed in 1995, it was revived at the end of 2017.
  • Warcry – A skirmish game set in the Age of Sigmar universe (new edition released 2022).
  • Warhammer 40,000: Kill Team - A skirmish version of Warhammer 40,000, using the same factions and units (new edition released 2021).
  • Warhammer: Underworlds – A game set in the Age of Sigmar setting combining miniature gaming and deck-building (released 2017).

Warhammer Age of Sigmar universe
  • Warhammer Quest: Shadows over Hammerhal (released 2017)[48] - dungeon crawl game in the Warhammer: Age of Sigmar universe. Despite sharing the Warhammer Quest brand, rules and setting are completely different from the original game.

Warhammer Fantasy universe
  • Advanced HeroQuest
  • Kerrunch – a simplified version of Blood Bowl.
  • Man O' War – a game of naval combat in a fantasy world. Two expansions were also released, Sea of Blood and Plague Fleet.
  • Mighty Warriors – a simplified version of Advanced HeroQuest. More of a light Skirmish game using AHQ minis set in a dungeon.
    • Dragon Masters – a board game which played like a simplified version of Mighty Empires, in which players take the role of competing Elven princes in Ulthuan.[49]
  • Warhammer Fantasy Battles – a game of mass fantasy battles
  • Warhammer Quest – a game of dungeon exploration and questing, effectively an updated version of Advanced HeroQuest
  • Warhammer Quest: Silver Tower (released 2016) – dungeon crawl game in the Warhammer Age of Sigmar universe. Despite sharing the Warhammer Quest brand, rules and settings are completely different from the original game.

Warhammer 40,000 universe
  • Adeptus Titanicus (The original game in the Epic series, which dealt solely with combat between Titans.)
    • Codex Titanicus (Expanded rules for the above, adding rules for Ork and Eldar titans along with expanded rules for Eldar, Orks, Imperial Guard infantry and vehicles.)
  • Advanced Space Crusade
  • Assassinorum: Execution Force
  • Bommerz over da Sulphur River (Board game using Epic miniatures.)
  • Blackstone Fortress - a dungeon crawl game set in the Warhammer 40,000 universe.
  • Epic 40,000 (The precursor to Epic Armageddon, although some people still use the terms interchangeably, alongside Epic.)
  • Gorkamorka (A vehicle skirmish game set on a desert world, revolving principally around rival Ork factions.)
    • Digganob (An expansion for Gorkamorka, adding rebel gretchin and feral human factions.)
  • Lost Patrol
  • Shadow War: Armageddon - an updated version of the Necromunda skirmish ruleset, using the current Warhammer 40,000 factions in place of Necromunda's human gangs (released 2017).
  • Space Fleet (A simple spaceship combat game, later greatly expanded via White Dwarf magazine with material intended for the aborted 'Battleship Gothic', itself later relaunched as Battlefleet Gothic.)
  • Space Hulk (Four editions were published; expansions are listed below.)
    • Deathwing (An expansion boxed set adding new Terminator weapons and a new campaign.)
    • Genestealer (An expansion boxed set adding rules for Genestealer hybrids and psychic powers.)
    • Space Hulk Campaigns (An expansion book released in both soft and hard-cover collecting reprinted four campaigns previously printed in White Dwarf.)
  • Space Marine (The original Epic-scale game concerning troops and infantry, 1st edition was compatible with Adeptus Titanicus, 2nd with Titan Legions)
  • Titan Legions (An update of Adeptus Titanicus, effectively an expansion of Space Marine 2nd edition.)
  • Tyranid Attack (An introductory game reusing the boards from Advanced Space Crusade.)
  • Ultra Marines (An introductory game reusing the boards from Space Hulk.)

Specialist Games

These games are aimed at the "veteran" gamers. These are gamers who are more experienced in the core games produced by Games Workshop. This is because the rules and the complexity of tactics inherent in the systems are often more in-depth than the core games. This also includes games that aren't necessarily more complex, but have a smaller more specialised target audience.

  • Warhammer Fantasy universe
    • Dreadfleet – a naval combat style board game (limited stock) released on 1 October 2011
    • Mighty Empires – a hexagonal tile based campaign supplement
    • Mordheim – a skirmish game. An expansion called Empire in Flames was also released
    • Warmaster – a game for fighting larger battles with smaller (10 mm) miniatures
  • Warhammer 40,000 universe
    • Battlefleet Gothic – a game which depicts battles between fleets of space ships.
    • Epic – a game for fighting larger battles with smaller (6 mm) miniatures (known as Epic Armageddon in its current edition).
    • Inquisitor – a skirmish/role play game using larger (54 mm) more detailed miniatures and intended for older gamers.
    • Space Hulk – a two-player game of Space Marines versus Tyranids released in 1989.
  • The Lord of the Rings universe
    • Great Battles of Middle Earth: The Battle of Five Armies – a game for fighting larger battles with smaller (10 mm) miniatures. The game was named after (and initially centred on) the Battle of Five Armies, one of the later scenes in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Hobbit.
    • The Strategy Battle Game was expanded with new supplements. In 2009 an expansion for the game entitled 'War of the Ring' was released, allowing players to recreate large scale battles in Middle-Earth. In December 2012 Games Workshop released the first wave of models based on the movie The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey.[50]

Forge World

Licensed games

These games were not made by Games Workshop but used similar-style models, artwork and concepts. These games were made by mainstream toy companies and were available in toy and department stores.

  • Battle Masters (published by Milton Bradley)
  • HeroQuest (published by Milton Bradley)
    • Kellar's Keep (Expansion for Hero Quest)
    • Return of the Witch Lord (Expansion for Hero Quest)
    • Against the Ogre Horde (Expansion for Hero Quest)
    • Wizards of Morcar (Expansion for Hero Quest)
    • The Frozen Horror (Expansion for Hero Quest)
    • The Magic of the Mirror (Expansion for Hero Quest)
    • The Dark Company (Expansion for Hero Quest)
    • HeroQuest Adventure Design Kit (Expansion for Hero Quest)
    • Adventure Design Booklet (Expansion for Hero Quest)
  • Space Crusade (published by Milton Bradley)
    • Mission Dreadnought (Expansion for Space Crusade)
    • Eldar Attack (Expansion for Space Crusade)

Citadel Paints

Games Workshop produces a line of acrylic paints for painting miniatures, under the Citadel name. At the end of March 2012 the company announced a new range of over 145 colours made in the UK,[51] which has since been expanded and reorganised. These paints are broken down into different types, each with a different intended purpose. This allows painters to follow painting guides produced by Games Workshop and create custom paint schemes more easily as each step in Games Workshop's 'Eavy Metal painting style has a paint type designed to assist in application. The 'Eavy Metal style is named after the 'Eavy Metal Team, Games Workshop's studio painting team, and is characterised by simple highlights and shadows with strong edge-highlights on all edges, creating a look that is clean, easily and quickly reproducible across many models, and defines details well on a gaming table.

The current Citadel paint types are:[52]

  • Base: Pigment dense for high opacity. Intended to offer good coverage over a primer layer for a strong foundation of colour.
  • Layer: Thinner and less pigment dense than Base paints for slight translucency. Intended to be built up over multiple layers to create smooth transitions of colour or value.
  • Shade: Acrylic ink based "paints" that are thin and flow easily into recessed details. Intended to be applied as a wash to add depth and shadow.
  • Dry: Thick, paste-consistency paints with maximum pigment concentration. Intended to aid in drybrushing to achieve easy highlighting of models.
  • Air: A selection of colours from the Base and Layer lines that are thinned down, as well as some "Clear" paints. Intended to be used through an airbrush.
  • Technical: A range of non-standard "paints" to achieve additional effects. These include gloss paints for slime or wet blood, semi-transparent glossy paints for gemstone effects, weathering effect paints, spectral effect paints, textured pastes for gaming bases, acrylic mediums, and acrylic varnishes. Intended for adding finishing details to models.
  • Spray: Spray-can paints that come in black, white, and a small selection of colours from the Base line. Intended as a primer layer and to add a foundation coat of colour quickly.
  • Contrast: Thinned paint and medium mixtures that flow into recesses similar to Shade paints, but also stain the raised details creating a blended fade from highlight to shadow. Intended to be applied over specialised Spray paints to give an effect similar to using a Base, then Layer, then Shade, but in one coat of paint to speed up the painting process.

The line includes both metallic and non-metallic paints in the Base, Layer, Edge, Dry, and Air lines, with non-metallic paints having a matte/light-satin finish.

Contrast paints were added to the Games Workshop paint range in 2019, promoted as speeding up the painting process for players. The existing range of paints was also expanded and reorganised when Contrast was released,[53] and branding changed from Citadel to Citadel Colour. The previously available Glaze line of paints was discontinued, replaced with the introduction of the Air Clear paints, the previously available Edge line of paints were combined into the Layer line, with some colours also being renamed, and the previously separate Texture line of paints was combined into the Technical line.[54]

The Citadel line also includes various other hobby supplies, including basing materials such as static grass and tufts, as well as modelling tools, such as paint brushes, glues, and hobby clippers.

Role-playing games

Several of the miniatures games (e.g. Inquisitor) involve a role-playing element; however, Games Workshop has, in the past, published role-playing games set within the Warhammer universe. Warhammer Fantasy Roleplay was first published in 1986; a second edition appeared in 2005 published by Black Industries, part of GW's fiction imprint BL Publishing. In 2018 a 4th edition was published by Cubicle 7 who will also re-publish the iconic Enemy Within campaign in 2020, adapted for the new edition by the original writers.

Warhammer 40,000: Dark Heresy, the first of three proposed role-playing games set in the Warhammer 40,000 universe, was released in late January 2008 and sold out almost immediately. In September 2008 production was transferred to Fantasy Flight Games.[55]

Fantasy Flight Games subsequently published four other roleplaying games; Rogue Trader, Deathwatch, Black Crusade, and Only War, set in the same Warhammer 40,000 universe and employing similar mechanics. In 2009 Fantasy Flight also released a new edition of Warhammer Fantasy Roleplay.

Out of print

Out of print, republished

The following games are technically out of print in their original editions, but have had new versions (in some cases heavily revised and in some cases with additional game expansions) published by Fantasy Flight Games.

Boxed games

Games Workshop had a strong history in boardgames development, alongside the miniatures and RPGs. Several may have had roleplaying elements, or had miniatures included or produced. Spacefarers released in 1981 was one of these board games with a set of miniature rules especially designed for use with Citadel Miniatures' figures.[59]: 139 

Licensing for an undisclosed proportion of Games Workshop's back catalogue of board games was transferred to Fantasy Flight Games as part of the same transaction which included Black Library's Role Playing Games. Fantasy Flight has republished revised editions of a number of these games. At the time of the announcement, Black Library had only one boardgame in print, the 4th Edition of "Talisman". Fantasy Flight subsequently released revised editions of Talisman and of other former Games Workshop boardgames. On September 9, 2016, Fantasy Flight Games announced the termination of its licensing agreement with Games Workshop.[60]

Games Workshop currently has several standalone board games in production.[61] Being standalone games, they do not depend on the rules or components of the current core game systems of Warhammer Age of Sigmar or Warhammer 40,000. All of these include miniatures that require some assembly, and those miniatures can be used with the core game systems.

  • Assassinorum: Execution Force
  • Blood Bowl"
  • Deathwatch: Overkill
  • Gorechosen
  • Lost Patrol
  • Stormcloud Attack
  • The Horus Heresy: Betrayal at Calth
  • The Horus Heresy: Burning of Prospero
  • Warhammer 40,000: Kill Team
  • Warhammer Quest: Silver Tower

Out of print

Out of print, republished

The following games are technically out of print in their original editions, but have had new versions (in all cases heavily revised and in some cases with additional game expansions) published by Fantasy Flight Games.

Video games
See also: List of Games Workshop video games

Games Workshop licensed or produced several ZX Spectrum games in the early years, none of which were based in the usual Warhammer settings:

  • Apocalypse (1983) based on the original boardgame
  • Argent Warrior (1984) Illustrated adventure
  • Battlecars (1984) 2 player racing game written in BASIC
  • Chaos (1985) multiplayer turn based "board" game, written by Julian Gollop
  • D-Day (1985) based on the Normandy Landings
  • HeroQuest (1991) based on the MB board game
  • Journey's End (1985) text adventure
  • Key Of Hope, The (1985) text adventure
  • Ringworld (1984) text adventure
  • Runestone (1986) text adventure
  • Talisman (1985) multiplayer turn based "board" game
  • Tower Of Despair (1985) text adventure, also released for the Commodore 64.[62]

Many video games have been produced by third parties based on the Warhammer universes owned by the firm. These include (miniature game they are based on is included in parentheses after the game name):

Tactical Card Games (TCGs)

Games Workshop released a Trading Card Game in 2017 based on the Age of Sigmar universe, Age of Sigmar: Champions. Champions featured several unique features, such as a companion online version of the game with collections being synced across both paper and digital versions. Compared to other, more traditional TCGs (Such as Magic: The Gathering) Champions also included a rotation system as a resource management and lanes for play - similar to MOBA style games such as League of Legends.

Events

There were yearly Games Day events held by Games Workshop which included the Golden Demon painting competition, news stands, sales stands, and tables to play on. In 2014 it was replaced by 'Warhammer Fest', similar but with additions such as demonstration pods and seminars.[63]

Worldwide campaigns

Games Workshop has run numerous Worldwide Campaigns for its three core game systems. In each campaign, players are invited to submit the results of games played within a certain time period.[64] The collation of these results provides a result to the campaign's scenario, and sometime leads to modifications in the games.

Each Warhammer campaign has had a new codex published with the rules for special characters or "incomplete" army lists. Below are listed the Games Workshop Worldwide Campaigns (with the campaign's fictional universe setting in parentheses):

  • 1995 - The Battle of Ichar IV (Warhammer 40,000)
  • 2000 - Third War for Armageddon (Warhammer 40,000)[65]
  • 2001 - Dark Shadows (Warhammer)
  • 2003 - Eye of Terror (Warhammer 40,000)[66]
  • 2004 - Storm of Chaos (Warhammer)[67]
  • 2005 - The War of the Ring (The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game)[68][69]
  • 2006 - The Fall of Medusa V (Warhammer 40,000)[70]
  • 2007 - The Nemesis Crown (Warhammer)[71]
  • 2011 - Scourge of the Storm (Warhammer)[72]

These Campaigns were run to promote its miniature wargames, and attracted interest in the hobby, particularly at gaming clubs, Hobby Centres and independent stockists.[64] Forums for the community were created for each campaign (in addition to those on the main site), as a place to "swap tactics, plan where to post your results, or just chat about how the campaign is going."[64] In some cases special miniatures were released to coincide with the campaigns; the promotional "Gimli on Dead Uruk-hai" miniature, for example, was available only through the campaign roadshows or ordering online.[73] As a whole these events have been successful; one, for example, was deemed "a fantastic rollercoaster", with thousands of registered participants.[74]

Magazines

Games Workshop's has published the White Dwarf magazine since 1977 and has over 400 issues.[5] Games Workshop also published Fanatic Magazine in support of their Specialist Games range.[75] After the cancellation of Fanatic Magazine, an electronic version, known as "Fanatic Online" was published from Games Workshop's Specialist Games website.[76]

For a brief period in the mid-1980s GW took over publication of the Fighting Fantasy magazine Warlock from Puffin Books who had produced the first 5 issues. The magazine turned into a general introductory gaming magazine but was discontinued after issue 13.[77]

There was also a fortnightly series called "Battle Games in Middle Earth", which came with a single or several free Lord of the Rings SBG miniatures. Though the miniatures were made by Games Workshop, the magazine itself was written by SGS (part of Games Workshop) and published by De Agostini.[78]

Spots the Space Marine trademark complaint

Games Workshop issued a trademark complaint against retailer Amazon, specifically relating to the novel Spots the Space Marine, claiming it violated their European 'space marine' trademark.[79][80] Commentators such as Cory Doctorow[81] and digital rights group the Electronic Frontier Foundation,[82] questioned the right of Games Workshop to trademark the term.[83] On 8 February 2013, Spots the Space Marine reappeared on Amazon. Games Workshop has issued no further legal action.[84]

Other media

Games Workshop illustrators also published artbooks covering parts of their commissioned work for the company. These include Adrian Smith, Ian Miller and John Blanche.[85]

Short fiction

From 1997 to 2005 Black Library published INFERNO!, a magazine of short stories, artwork, and other features set in the various fictional universes of Games Workshop, and regularly featuring that of Warhammer 40,000.[86] Since 2010 Black Library has produced a monthly eBook called "Hammer and Bolter" with the focus on short stories set in the different Games Workshop universes.[87]

Novels
Main articles: List of Warhammer Fantasy novels and List of Warhammer 40,000 novels

Comics and graphic novels
Main article: Black Library § Comics and graphic novels line

Music

In November 1987 the English thrash metal band Sabbat released "Blood for the Blood God" as a free flexi-disc with the issue #95 of White Dwarf, Games Workshop's in-house publication.[88]

In the late 1980s the death metal band Bolt Thrower wrote lyrics dedicated to the Warhammer 40,000 universe and used 40k artwork on the cover of their second album, Realm of Chaos.[89]

In the early 1990s Games Workshop created its own short-lived record company, Warhammer Records. The only band under this label was D-Rok (who published one album, Oblivion, in 1991). A fragment of D-Rok's song "Get Out of My Way" was used in the computer game "Space Hulk", published by Electronic Arts in 1992.[90]

In the early 2000s the German label Art of Perception produced a 12 part soundtrack vinyl series followed by three CD compilations. The task for the artists involved in this project was to conduct a theme for a species from the Warhammer 40.000 universe.[91]

In 2009 the Singaporean death metal band, Deus Ex Machina released I, Human, which makes numerous references to the Warhammer 40,000 universe, particularly the Adeptus Mechanicus faction.[92]

In 2007 and 2015 the German death metal band Debauchery released several songs about the Chaos God Khorne, "Praise the Blood God", "True To The Skull Throne (And Bound To Kill)", and "Blood For The Blood God".[93]

Film

Games Workshop announced that Exile Studios would produce a CGI movie based upon the Bloodquest graphic novel; a trailer was released, but the project was discontinued and Exile Studios disbanded.[94]

For the 25th Anniversary Games Day, Games Workshop released in 1996 (for limited sale) a short movie entitled Inquisitor,[95] using clips and footage that was created as a pitch to G.W. for a film deal. There were also trailers for two other films, "Hive Infestation" and "Blood for the Blood God". "Hive Infestation" pitted Space Wolf terminators against a genestealer cult infestation of a hive world. "Blood for the Blood God" was the second trailer released, and portrayed orks and Dark Angel marines fighting along with an inquisitor, much in the style of the Epic 40,000 video game cut scenes, but little information was given on this short film aside from a shot of a berserker of Khorne (available in YouTube but flagged by Games Workshop, removing the movie).[96]

Another one was Damnatus, a German fan film developed over four years. Games Workshop announced in July 2007 that they would not give permission for the film to be released because of issues between Anglo-American copyright and Continental European Droit d'auteur.[95]

In 2010 Games Workshop with Codex Pictures released a 70-minute downloadable film called Ultramarines. The screenplay was written by Black Library author Dan Abnett. Terence Stamp, Sean Pertwee and John Hurt head the cast of voice actors.[97]

On 5 August 2021, Games Workshop launched Warhammer Plus, a subscription service that provides access to exclusive Warhammer-themed shows and animations, as well as other content such as classic issues of the White Dwarf magazine and exclusive miniatures.[98][99]

References
  1. "Annual Results 2022" (PDF). Games Workshop. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
  2. Livingstone, Ian (April 1975). "Editorial". Owl and Weasel. Games Workshop (3): 2.
  3. "Four things we should thank Games Workshop for". Nerdist. 20 January 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  4. "Ian Livingstone and Steve Jackson interview". GamesRadar+. 24 August 2007. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
  5. Livingstone, Ian (April 1977). "White Dwarf". Owl and Weasel. Games Workshop (25): 6.
  6. Jackson, Steve (February 1975). "Editorial". Owl and Weasel. Games Workshop (1): 1.
  7. Livingstone, Ian (January 1976). "Editorial". Owl and Weasel. Games Workshop (12): 2.
  8. Dice Men: Games Workshop 1975 to 1985: Ian Livingstone and Steve Jackson with Jamie Thomson. Unbound. 11 January 2017. ISBN 9781407181301. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  9. "A new dungeon for Games Workshop". White Dwarf. Games Workshop (7): 23. June–July 1978.
  10. "Google Maps". Google Maps. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
  11. "OpenStreetMap". OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
  12. "News". White Dwarf. Games Workshop (11): 10. February–March 1979.
  13. Baxter, Stephen (2006). "Freedom in an Owned World: Warhammer Fiction and the Interzone Generation". Vector Magazine - the Critical Journal of the British Science Fiction Association. British Science Fiction Association (229). Archived from the original on 16 February 2012. Retrieved 2007-02-07.
  14. Sacco, Ciro Alessandro. "The Ultimate Interview with Gary Gygax". thekyngdoms.com. Archived from the original on 8 February 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2008.
  15. "News". White Dwarf. Games Workshop (4).
  16. "White Dwarf". White Dwarf. Games Workshop (126). June 1990.
  17. "Our history - Games Workshop Group PLC - Investor Relations". 7 February 2011. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  18. McGrath, Melanie (2 June 1998). "A Visit to the Fantasy World of Ian Livingstone". The Independent. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
  19. "ECI Partners Exits Games Workshop Group | Mergr". mergr.com.
  20. "Games Workshop". London Stock Exchange. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  21. "Willow Road". Lenton Times. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  22. "THQ extends Warhammer 40K licensing deal". Engadget. 26 November 2004. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  23. "Games Workshop declares war on best customers. Again. / Boing Boing". boingboing.net. 28 November 2009.
  24. "GW Fansites vs. GW: Cease & Desist Fallout - Forum". DakkaDakka. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
  25. "Games Workshop Changes". Retrieved 31 May 2020.
  26. WarGameStore (18 June 2013). "Games Workshop UK Retailer Trade Terms Changes 2013". Archived from the original on 11 December 2021 – via YouTube.
  27. "Retirement of Tom Kirby as non-executive chairman - Games Workshop Group PLC - Investor Relations". 25 July 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  28. Clayton, Natalie (21 July 2021). "Games Workshop is trying to shut down fan animations". PC Gamer. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  29. "Creative Assembly reiterates stance on Total Warhammer mods in wake of Games Workshop IP changes". PCGamesN. 5 August 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  30. "Lookout YouTube, GW Just Updated Their IP Guidelines". Spikey Bits. 21 July 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  31. "Why Games Workshop is worth more than Marks & Spencer and Centrica". The Economist. 2 July 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  32. Haley, Guy (January 2005). "The History of White Dwarf". White Dwarf. Games Workshop (300).
  33. "Newsboard". White Dwarf. Games Workshop (58). October 1984.
  34. Livingstone, Ian (March 1985). "Editorial". White Dwarf. Games Workshop (63).
  35. Haley, Guy (May 2005). "Thirty Years of Games Workshop". White Dwarf. Games Workshop (304).
  36. Schick, Lawrence (1991). Heroic Worlds: A History and Guide to Role-Playing Games. Prometheus Books. p. 51. ISBN 0-87975-653-5.
  37. "What is The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey™ Strategy Battle Game?". Forge World. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  38. "Note that these figures are 25 mm and not the 28 mm figures that are more popular today"; ("Painting the Lord of the Rings Mines of Moria Game". 23 November 2005. Retrieved 17 July 2007.)
  39. "The Battle of Five Armies". The Stuff of Legends. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  40. "Warner Bros. Continues Hobbit Games - License! Global". www.licensemag.com.
  41. "Warhammer". Forge World. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  42. "Forge World Raise Prices Substantially For US Customers - Spikey Bits". spikeybits.com. 22 August 2018. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  43. "Warpartefacts.com". www.warpartefacts.com.
  44. Paton, Maynard, Are Small Companies Suitable For Long-Term Portfolios?, 22 November 2001
  45. McVey, Mike (1992). Citadel Miniatures Painting Guide. Nottingham: Games Workshop. p. 1. ISBN 1-872372-61-9.
  46. Ellis, Caelyn (13 June 2022). "Warhammer 40K spin-off Horus Heresy is back - here's why that's a big deal, and why you should be interested". Dicebreaker. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  47. "Boxed Games". www.games-workshop.com. 30 December 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  48. "Warhammer Quest: Shadows over Hammerhal". www.games-workshop.com. 30 December 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  49. "Dragon Masters". BoardGameGeek.
  50. "Grim Hammers". Games Workshop. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
  51. "Review: The new Citadel Paint Range". Tale of Painters. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
  52. "Citadel Colour paint types". Citadel Colour. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
  53. "Pre-order Today: Contrast and a Great Deal of Paint". Warhammer Community. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
  54. "Complete List of Contrast, New & Discontinued Citadel Paints". Spikey Bits. 30 May 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  55. Press release on Games Workshops properties Archived 9 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine from Fantasy Flight Games website
  56. Appelcline, Shannon (2014). Designers & dragons. '80-'89 : a history of the roleplaying game industry (2nd ed.). Silver Springs, MD, USA: Evil Hat Productions. ISBN 978-1-61317-081-6.
  57. Appelcline, Shannon (2014). Designers & Dragons: The '00s. Evil Hat Productions. ISBN 978-1-61317-087-8.
  58. Schick, Lawrence (1991). Heroic worlds : a history and guide to role-playing games. Buffalo: Prometheus Books. ISBN 0-87975-652-7.
  59. Appelcline, Shannon (2014). Designers & Dragons. '70-'79 : A history of the roleplaying game industry (2nd ed.). Silver Springs, MD, USA: Evil Hat Productions. ISBN 978-1-61317-075-5.
  60. "A New Path Forward". www.fantasyflightgames.com. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
  61. "Boxed Games | Games Workshop Webstore". www.games-workshop.com. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
  62. "Tower of Despair for Commodore 64 (1985) - MobyGames". MobyGames.
  63. "Games Day Programme". Owl and Weasel. Games Workshop (11). December 1975.
  64. Battle Games in Middle-earth, Issue 56
  65. "Third War for Armageddon Campaign Site". Games Workshop. Archived from the original on 7 June 2007. Retrieved 30 June 2007.
  66. "Eye of Terror Campaign Site". Games Workshop. Retrieved 30 June 2007.
  67. "Storm of Chaos Campaign Site". Games Workshop. Archived from the original on 26 June 2007. Retrieved 30 June 2007.
  68. "The War of the Ring Campaign Site (United Kingdom)". Games Workshop. Archived from the original on 27 June 2007. Retrieved 30 June 2007.
  69. "The War of the Ring Campaign Site (Canada)". Games Workshop. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 30 June 2007.
  70. "The Fall of Medusa V Campaign Site". Games Workshop. Archived from the original on 25 June 2007. Retrieved 30 June 2007.
  71. "Nemesis Crown Campaign Site". Games Workshop. Archived from the original on 30 June 2007. Retrieved 30 June 2007.
  72. "Scourge of the Storm Site". Games Workshop. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 24 July 2011.
  73. "Wrath of Umbar". Archived from the original on 30 September 2007.
  74. Cavatore, Alessio (January 2006). "Victory for the Free Peoples". White Dwarf. Games Workshop (312).
  75. "Specialist Games". Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  76. "Fanatic Online". Lexicanum. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  77. "Fighting Fantasy Warlock Magazine". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  78. "Battle Games in Middle Earth". Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  79. Barnett, David (7 February 2013). "Superheroes, space marines and lawyers get into trademark fight". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
  80. "Row blows up over ownership of 'space marine' term". bbc.co.uk. BBC. 8 February 2013. Retrieved 19 August 2013.
  81. Cory Doctorow (6 February 2013). "Games Workshop trademark bullying goes thermonuclear: now they say you can't use "space marine" in science fiction". Retrieved 11 February 2013.
  82. Corynne McSherry (8 February 2013). "Trademark Bully Thwarted: Spots the Space Marine Back Online". EFF. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
  83. "Games Workshop Space Marine Trademark Battle Erupts As Sci-Fi Fans Point To History". Huffington Post UK. 8 February 2013. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
  84. Hogarth, MCA. "The Return of Spots the Space Marine". MCAH Online. Archived from the original on 14 February 2013. Retrieved 16 February 2013.
  85. "Interview with John Blanche". seangoblin.blogspot.com/. 27 April 2009.
  86. "Inferno". Locus Index to Science Fiction.
  87. "Hammer and Bolter". Lexicanum. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  88. "Blood for the Blood God". Metal Archives. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
  89. "BBC - Radio 1 - Keeping it PeelArtist A-Z". Retrieved 4 March 2007.
  90. "Warhammer Records". Discogs. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  91. "Art of Perception". Archived from the original on 22 April 2009. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  92. "Deus Ex Machina - I, Human (album review )". Sputnikmusic. 10 March 2010. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
  93. DEBAUCHERY, BLOOD GOD & BALGEROTH OFFICIAL (1 October 2015). "DEBAUCHERY - BLOOD FOR THE BLOOD GOD (official video 2015)". Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 15 June 2019 – via YouTube.
  94. tsabo (4 May 2006). "Bloodquest Trailer". YouTube. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
  95. Walliss, John (7 January 2010). "Fan filmmaking and copyright in a global world: Warhammer 40,000 fan films and the case of Damnatus". Transformative Works and Cultures. 5. doi:10.3983/twc.2010.0178 – via journal.transformativeworks.org.
  96. "Blood for the Blood God". 10 May 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  97. "Ultramarines: A Warhammer 40,000 Movie (2010) - Preview". Sci-Fi Movie Page. 13 December 2010. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
  98. Marshall, Cass (23 June 2021). "Warhammer Plus streaming sub will include animation, free minis, and White Dwarf". Polygon. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  99. "Warhammer+". Warhammer+. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Games Workshop.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.