Kapi (raga)

Kāpi is a popular rāga in Carnatic music, the classical music of South India.[1] Kāpi is a janya rāgam of Kharaharapriya with a meandering vakra scale. Typically performed at slow and medium speeds, it is capable of inducing moods of devotion, pathos and sadness in the listeners. Kāpi is different from the Hindustani raag and thaat Kafi. The equivalent raag in Hindustani is Pilu.

Kapi
ArohanamS R₂ M₁ P N₃ 
Avarohanam N₂ D₂ N₂ P M₁ G₂ R₂ S

Structure and Lakshana

Kāpi is an audava-vakra sampoorna rāgam with an ascending pentatonic scale and a descending scale with seven notes, but not in a descending order. Use of Kakali Nishadam and Anthara Gandharam make it a Bhashanga Raagam.

The presence of different nishāda swarās (N2 and N3) lends a distinctive quality to Kāpi, along with the fact that it uses a set of vakra swarās (N2 D2 N2).

There is also a mild presence of shuddha daivatham (D1) that renders an invaluable feeling of devotion to the raagam. This, and the presence of Anthara Gandharam (G3) makes it difficult to pinpoint the exact nature of the avarohana of the raagam.

In the song Jagadhodharana composed by Sangeeta Pitamaha Sri Purandara Dasa, the note Suddha Dhaivatham (Dha1) also occurs as a foreign note(anya swara)

Kapi ragam gives the feeling Devotion, Sentiment and happiness

Compositions

Some of the popular compositions in Kāpi are:

** Kāpi of Muthuswami Dikshitar is quite different from the traditional Kāpi and often cited as karNATaka Kāpi

The Moorchana of Kāpi as per Venkatamakhin is S R2 G2 M1 P D2 N2 S/ N2 D2 P M1 G2 G2 R2 S

Film Songs

Songs listed below are composed in Raga Pilu (raga) which is Hindustani equivalent to Raga Kapi (raga)

Language : Hindi

Song Movie Composer Singers
Dhadakate Dil Ki Tamanna Shama (1961film) Ghulam Mohammed (composer) Suraiya
Ab Ke Baras Bhejo Bhaiya Ko Babul Bandini (film) S. D. Burman Asha Bhosle
Allah Megh De, Pani De Chaaya De Ra Rama Megh De Guide (film) S. D. Burman S. D. Burman
Kali Ghata Chhaye Mora Jiya Tarasaye Sujata (1959 film) S. D. Burman Geeta Dutt
Nadiya Kinare Harayee Aayee Kangna Abhimaan (1973 film) S. D. Burman Lata Mangeshkar
Ishq Par Zor Nahin Ishq Par Zor Nahin S. D. Burman Lata Mangeshkar
Tere Bin Soone Nayan Hamare Meri Surat Teri Ankhen S. D. Burman Lata Mangeshkar & Mohammed Rafi
Kahe Gumana Kare Tansen (film) Khemchand Prakash K. L. Saigal
Prabhuji Hospital (1943 film) Kamal Dasgupta Kanan Devi
Zindagi Khwab Hai Jagte Raho Anil Biswas (composer) Mukesh (singer)
Aaj ki Raat Badi Shokh Badi Natkhat Hai Nai Umar Ki Nai Fasal Roshan (music director) Mohammed Rafi
Baharon Ne Mera Chaman Loot Kar Devar Roshan (music director) Mukesh (singer)
Maine Shayad Tumhen, Pahle Bhi Kahin Dekha Hai Barsaat Ki Raat Roshan (music director) Mohammed Rafi
Vikal Mora Manva, Tum Bin Hai Mamta (1966 film) Roshan (music director) Lata Mangeshkar
Apni Kaho Kuchh Meri Suno, Kya Dil Ka Lagana Bhul Gaye Parchhain C. Ramchandra Lata Mangeshkar & Talat Mahmood
Dheere Se Aaja Ri Akhiyan Mein Nindiya Men Albela (1951 film) C. Ramchandra Lata Mangeshkar
Naina Kahe Ko Lagaye Joru Ka Bhai Jaidev Asha Bhosle
Chandan Ka Palna Resham Ki Dori Shabaab (film) Naushad Hemant Kumar
Dhoondho Dhoondho Re Saajna Gunga Jumna Naushad Lata Mangeshkar
Hai Hai Rasiya Tu Bada Bedardi Dil Diya Dard Liya Naushad Asha Bhosle
Jhule Mein Pavan Ki Ayi Bahar Baiju Bawra (film) Naushad Lata Mangeshkar & Mohammed Rafi
Mera Pyar Bhi Tu Hai Yeh Bahar Bhi Tu Hai Saathi (1968 film) Naushad Lata Mangeshkar & Mukesh (singer)
More Sainya Ji Utarenge Paar Nadiya Dhire Baho Uran Khatola (film) Naushad Lata Mangeshkar & Chorus
Na Manu Na Manu Dagabjaaz Tori Batiya Na Manu Re Gunga Jumna Naushad Lata Mangeshkar
Pyari Dulhaniya Mother India Naushad Shamshad Begum
Paa Laagoon Kar Jori Re Aap Ki Sewa Mein Datta Davjekar Lata Mangeshkar
Mat Maro Shyam Pichkari Durgesh Nandani Hemant Kumar Lata Mangeshkar
Na Jao Saiyan Chhuda Ke Baiyan Sahib Bibi Aur Ghulam Hemant Kumar Geeta Dutt
Badi Der Bhai Kab Loge Khabar Basant Bahar (film) Shankar–Jaikishan Mohammed Rafi
Banwari Re Jeene Ka Sahara Ek Phool Char Kante Shankar–Jaikishan Lata Mangeshkar
Din Sara Guzara Tore Angana Junglee (1961 film) Shankar–Jaikishan Lata Mangeshkar & Mohammed Rafi
Din Sara Guzara Tore Angana New Delhi (1956 film) Shankar–Jaikishan Lata Mangeshkar
Sur Na Saje Kya Gaon Main Basant Bahar (film) Shankar–Jaikishan Manna Dey
Maine Rang Li Aaj Chunariya Sajana Tore Rang Me Dulhan Ek Raat Ki Madan Mohan (composer) Lata Mangeshkar
Jaiye Aap Kahan Jayenge Mere Sanam O. P. Nayyar Asha Bhosle
Kabhi Aar Kabhi Paar Aar Paar O. P. Nayyar Shamshad Begum
Kaisa Jadoo Balama Tune 12 O'Clock (film) O. P. Nayyar Geeta Dutt
Main Soya Ankhian Meeche Phagun (1958 film) O. P. Nayyar Asha Bhosle & Mohammed Rafi
Main Soya Ankhian Meeche Phagun (1958 film) O. P. Nayyar Asha Bhosle & Mohammed Rafi
Ai Meri Johara Zabeen, Tujhe Maaloom Nahin Waqt (1965 film) Ravi (composer) Manna Dey
Na Jhatko Zulf Se Pani Shehnai (1964 film) Ravi (composer) Mohammed Rafi
More Kaanha Jo Aaye Palat Ke Sardari Begum Vanraj Bhatia Arati Ankalikar-Tikekar
Tere Pyar Ka Dhool Ka Phool Datta Naik Lata Mangeshkar & Mahendra Kapoor
Chura Liya Hai Tumne Jo Dil Ko Yaadon Ki Baaraat R. D. Burman Mohammed Rafi & Asha Bhosle
Tu Jo Mere Sur Men Chitchor Ravindra Jain K. J. Yesudas
De De Pyar De Sharaabi Bappi Lahiri Kishore Kumar
Mainu Ishq Da Lag Gaya Rog Dil Hai Ke Manta Nahin Nadeem–Shravan Anuradha Paudwal


Language:Tamil

Song Movie Composer Singer
Dhianame Nee Ashok Kumar Alathur V. Subramanyam M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
Chinnanciru kiliye Kannammaa

(Ragamalika:Kapi,Maand,Vasantha)

Manamagal C. R. Subburaman M. L. Vasanthakumari,V. N. Sundharam
Neela Vanna Kannaa Vaadaa

(Ragamalika:Kapi,Yamunakalyani)

Mangaiyar Thilakam Susarla Dakshinamurthi R. Balasaraswathi Devi
Poovagi Kayagi Annai R. Sudarsanam P. Bhanumathi
Sentamizh Thenmozhiyaal Maalaiyitta Mangai Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy T. R. Mahalingam
Paatondru Pasamalar K. Jamuna Rani
Madhura Nagaril Paar Magaley Paar P. B. Sreenivas, P. Susheela
Senthur Murugan(Raga Pilu) Santhi
Kadhal Siragai Palum Pazhamum P. Susheela
Avan Porukku Ponan Vazhkai Vazhvatharke
Kaalamithu Kaalamithu Chitthi M. S. Viswanathan
Thamizhil Athuoru Sange Muzhangu T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela
Nilavu Vandhu Vaanathaiye Thirudi S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela
Poomazhai Thoovi Ninaithadhai Mudippavan T. M. Soundararajan
Naan Paadidum Kavithaiyin Samayalkaaran
Un Kannil Near Vietnam Veedu K. V. Mahadevan
Malargaliley Pala Thirumal Perumai
Hari Hari Gokula T. M. Soundararajan, Master Maharajan, P. Susheela
Antha Sivagami Pattanathil Bhootham R. Govardhanam T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela
Madhurai Arasaalum Thirumalai Thenkumari Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan Sirkazhi Govindarajan, L. R. Eswari,M. R. Vijaya
Ye Paadal Ondru Priya Ilaiyaraaja K. J. Yesudas, S. Janaki
Sangathil Padatha Auto Raja Ilaiyaraaja, S. Janaki
Kanne Kalaimaane Moondram Pirai K. J. Yesudas
Thanni Thotti Sindhu Bhairavi
Chinna Chinna Roja Poove Poovizhi Vasalile
Maathavam Yaen Raja Rishi S. Janaki,Malaysia Vasudevan
Chinna Chinna Vanna Kuyil Mouna Ragam S. Janaki
Thaayum Naane Enkeyo Ketta Kural
Thenthoongum Poove Kodai Mazhai
Chinna Thayaval(Charukesi traces too) Thalapathi
Saami Kitta Solli Aavarampoo S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
Maalai Soodum Vaelai Naan Mahaan Alla
Neethana Neethana Thalattu Padava Arunmozhi, S. Janaki
Goondru Gongura Chinnavar Mano, K.S. Chitra
Sembaruthi Poovu Chembaruthi Mano, K.S. Chitra, Bhanumathi
Alaiodu Alaiyaga Maranthen Mannithen Bhavatharini
Unna Nenachu Psycho Sid Sriram
Muthu Muthu Therottam(Raga Pilu) Aani Ver Shankar–Ganesh Vani Jairam
Ammamma Saranam Sattam Gangai Amaran S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Vani Jairam
Anandham Indru Mannukketha Ponnu K. J. Yesudas,Vani Jairam
Chinna Chinna Kanavugale Kanna Thuraimugam Adithyan K. S. Chithra
Kaadhal Rojave (Humming in Desh ragam) Roja A. R. Rahman S.P. Balasubrahmanyam, Sujatha Mohan(Humming only)
En Mel Vizhunda May Maadham P. Jayachandran, K.S. Chitra
Erani Kuradhani Kadhalan S.P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
July Matham Pudhiya Mugam S.P. Balasubrahmanyam, Annupamaa
Anbae Idhu Rhythm Sadhana Sargam
Kuchi Kuchi Bombay Hariharan, Swarnalatha, G. V. Prakash Kumar
Pachai Kiligal Indian K. J. Yesudas, Nirmala Seshadri
Oru Poiyavadhu Jodi Hariharan(ver 1), Srinivas, Sujatha Mohan(ver 2)
Velli Malarae S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Mahalakshmi Iyer
Naalai Ulagam Love Birds P. Unnikrishnan, Sujatha Mohan
Kadhali Nee Enna Seivai Rangeela P. Unnikrishnan, Kavita Krishnamurthy
Vaaji Vaaji Sivaji: The Boss Hariharan, Madhushree
Aalanguyil Koovum Rayyil Parthiban Kanavu Vidyasagar Harini
Thachhiko Thachhiko Ponniyin Selvan Anuradha Sriram, Mathangi
Vizhiyum Vizhiyum Sadhurangam Madhu Balakrishnan, Harini
Aasai Aasai(Pallavi and anupallavi only) Dhool Shankar Mahadevan, Sujatha Mohan
Kaadhal Vandhadhum Poovellam Un Vasam K. J. Yesudas, Sadhana Sargam
Desingh Raja Thaan Thavasi S.P. Balasubrahmanyam, Sujatha Mohan
Boomiyea Boomiyea Sengottai S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
Thai Masi Vasanthakala Paravai Deva
Angam Unathu Angam Pudhu Manithan S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra
Chinna Ponnuthaan Vaigasi Poranthachu Mano, K. S. Chithra
Karuppu Nila En Aasai Machan K. S. Chithra
Karupputhan Enakku Vetri Kodi Kattu Anuradha Sriram
Chinna Roja Oruvan Hariharan
Yeno Yeno Appu Hariharan, Sujatha, Harini
Ravivarman(Charanam only) Vasanthi Chandrabose K.J. Yesudas, K. S. Chithra(humming only)
Andhinera Thendral Kaatru Inaindha Kaigal Gyan Varma S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Jayachandran
Minnal Oru Kodi V. I. P. Ranjit Barot Hariharan, K.S. Chitra
En Kannadi Thoppukkulle Malabar Police S. A. Rajkumar
Pallangkuzhiyin Aanandham P. Unnikrishnan, Harini
Karisai Kaattu Pennae Raja K. S. Chitra, Manikka Vinayagam
Idhu Nee Irukkum Nenjamadi Krishna Mano
Chinna Chinna Kannukulle Kamarasu P. Unnikrishnan, K.S. Chitra
Ithu Kuzhanthai Oru Thalai Ragam T. Rajendar S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Vannam Konda(Ragam Pilu) Sigaram S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Enna Azhagu Love Today Shiva
Nee Malaraa Malaraa Arputham P. Unnikrishnan, K.S. Chitra
Antha Vaanukku(M),Naan Thai Yenndru(F) Poomagal Oorvalam
Sollathan Ninaikiren Kadhal Sugamanathu K.S. Chitra, S. P. Balasubrahmanyam(Pathos)
Poonkuruvi Paadadi Sundara Kandam Deepak S. Janaki, Mano
Mukundha Mukundha Dasavathaaram Himesh Reshammiya Sadhana Sargam
Kannukkulle kadhala Thamizh Bharadwaj P. Unnikrishnan, Swarnalatha
Thozha Thozha Kanavu Thozha Pandavar Bhoomi Chitra Sivaraman, Yugendran
Nachendru Ichondru Attahasam Srinivas, Ujaini
Thuli Thuliyaai Kottum Mazhai Paarvai Ondre Podhume Bharani Hariharan, Swarnalatha
Urugudhe Maragudhe Veyil G. V. Prakash Kumar Shankar Mahadevan, Shreya Ghoshal
Unn Perai Sollum Angadi Theru Naresh Iyer, Shreya Ghoshal, Haricharan
Ragasiya Kanavugal Bheemaa Harris Jayaraj Hariharan, Madhushree
Ivan Yaaro Minnale P. Unni Krishnan, Harini
Asku Laska Nanban Vijay Prakash, Chinmayi, SuVi
Kalasala Kalasala Osthe S. Thaman Solar Sai, L R Eswari, T Rajendar
Kannum Kannumthan Thirupaachi Mani Sharma Harish Raghavendra,Uma Ramanan,Premji Amaren
Malligai Malligai Arasu Vijay Yesudas,Sujatha
Mazhaye Mazhaye June R Sharreth Hariharan, Sujatha
Konjum Manjal Ullaasam Karthik Raja Hariharan, Harini
Chellame Chellam Album Hariharan, Shreya Ghoshal
Jalsa Panungada Chennai 600028 Yuvan Shankar Raja Ranjith, Tippu, Premji Amaran, Haricharan, Karthik
Vennmegam Pennaga(Gourimanohari touches also) Yaaradi Nee Mohini Hariharan
Ore Oru Kanpaarvai Nedunalvaadai Jose Franklin Yazin Nizar,Purnima Krishnan
Onnavitta Yaarum Yenakilla Seemaraja D. Imman Sean Roldan, Shreya Ghoshal
Paakaathey Paakaathey Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam Vijay Yesudas, Pooja Vaidyanath
Kodi Aruvi Mehandi Circus Sean Roldan Pradeep Kumar,Nithyashree



Language : Telugu

Song Movie Composer Singers
Evarura, Neevevarura Aggi Ramudu S. M. Subbaiah Naidu P. Bhanumathi
Nadumekkade neeku navalamani Kodallostunnaru Jagratta(1980 film) Satyam (composer) S. P. Balasubrahmanyam

Songs listed below are composed in Raga Pilu (raga) which is Hindustani equivalent to Raga Kapi (raga)

Language : Telugu

Song Movie Composer Singers
O Sukumara Sita Rama Kalyanam (1961 film) Gali Penchala Narasimha Rao Ghantasala (musician) & P. Susheela
Vaddura Kannayya Ardhangi Master Venu jikki
Konte choopulenduku lera Srimanthudu (1971 film) T. Chalapathi Rao P. Susheela
Naluguru Navverura Vichitra Kutumbam T. V. Raju P. Susheela
Pilichina Biguvatara Malliswari (1951 film) S. Rajeswara Rao P. Bhanumathi
Andaala Bommatho Amarasilpi Jakkanna S. Rajeswara Rao P. Susheela
Yemivvagalanu Danara Vasantha Sena (1967 film) S. Rajeswara Rao P. Susheela
Rasakreeda Ika Sangeeta Lakshmi S. Rajeswara Rao P. Susheela & S. Janaki
Navarasa Suma Maalika Meghasandesam Ramesh Naidu K. J. Yesudas

Private Album

Language : Telugu

Song Movie Composer Singers
Ramate Yamuna Pulinavane Private Album Jayadeva Ghantasala Ghantasala


Notes

  1. Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: S R M P N 
    • Western: C D F G B C
  2. Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani:   D  P M  R S
    • Western: C B A B G F E D C

References

  1. Viswanathan, T.; Matthew Harp Allen (2004). Music in South India. Oxford University Press US. pp. 44–51. ISBN 978-0-19-514591-5.
  2. ""Jagadodharana"". YouTube.
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