Valaji

Valaji or Valachi is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a pentatonic scale (audava or owdava rāgam, which means "of 5"). It is a janya rāgam (derived scale), as it does not have all the seven swaras (musical notes). The equivalent of Valaji in Hindustani music is Kalāvati.[1][2]

Valaji
ArohanamS G₃ P D₂ N₂ Ṡ
AvarohanamṠ N₂ D₂ P G₃ S
Carnatic music
Tanjavur-style tambura
Concepts
Compositions
Instruments
Melody
Sarasvati Vīṇā
Veṇu
Nādasvaraṃ
Goṭṭuvādyaṃ (Citra Vīṇā)
Violin
Percussion
Mr̥daṅgaṃ
Ghaṭaṃ
Morsing
Kanjira
Thavil
Drone
Tambura
Shruti box

Structure and Lakshana
Valaji scale with shadjam at C

Valaji is a symmetric rāgam that does not contain rishabham or madhyamam. It is a pentatonic scale (audava-audava rāgam[1][2] in Carnatic music classification). Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):

(the notes used in this scale are shadjam, antara gandharam, panchamam, chathusruthi dhaivatham and kaisiki nishadham)

Valaji is considered a janya rāgam of Chakravakam, the 16th Melakarta rāgam, though it can be derived from other melakarta rāgams, Harikambhoji, Vagadheeswari, Ramapriya, Vachaspati or Nasikabhooshani, by dropping both rishabham and madhyamam. Since Chakravakam is lowest in ordinal number among these 6 melakarta scales, Valaji is associated with it.

Valaji is a pleasing scale, but has only a few compositions in classical music. It has been used to score film music as well. Here are some popular kritis composed in Valaji.

  • Jalandhara supithasthe japa kusuma bhasure by Muthiah Bhagavatar
  • Santatam Ninne by G. N. Balasubramaniam
  • Sri Gayatri, by Saint Gnanananda Tirtha (Sri Ogirala Veera Raghava Sarma)
  • Tândava Priyâ by Kalyani Varadarajan
  • Dari Yavudayya, Nachike Padabeda by Purandara dasa
  • Padhame thunai by Papanasham Shivan

This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Graha bhedam

Valaji's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields another pentatonic rāgam Abhogi. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam. For more details and illustration of this concept refer Graha bhedam on Abhogi.

Scale similarities
  • Malayamarutam is a rāgam which has shuddha rishabham in both ascending and descending scales in addition to the notes in Valaji. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R₁ G₃ P D₂ N₂ Ṡ: Ṡ N₂ D₂ P G₃ R₁ S
  • Nagasvaravali is a rāgam which has the shuddha madhyamam in place of the nishadam. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S G₃ M₁ P D₂ Ṡ: Ṡ D₂ P M₁ G₃ S
  • Mohanam is a rāgam which has the chathusruti rishabham in place of the nishadam. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R₂ G₃ P D₂ Ṡ: Ṡ D₂ P G₃ R₂ S

Film Songs

Language:Tamil
Song Movie Year Composer Singer
Naan Indri Yaar Vaaruvaar(Ragamalika: Abhogi, Valaji) Maalaiyitta Mangai 1958 Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy T. R. Mahalingam, A. P. Komala
Vasantha Kaalam Varumo Marakka Mudiyumaa? 1966 T. K. Ramamoorthy P. Suseela, K. J. Yesudas
Yeriyile Oru Kashmir Roja (Ragamalika: Kedar/Hamirkalyani, Valaji) Madhanamaaligai M. B. Sreenivasan
Unnai Yenni Yennai Ragasiya Police 115 1968 M. S. Viswanathan P. Suseela
Pottu Vaitha Mugamo Sumathi En Sundari 1971 S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, B. Vasantha
Thatti Sellum Thanga Pathakkam 1974 Vani Jayaram, Sai Baba
Pongum Kadalosai Meenava Nanban 1977 Vani Jairam
Govardhanan Vanthan Raga Bandhangal Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan
Kudumbathin Thalaivi Kulavilakku Olimayamaana Ethirkaalam Vijaya Bhaskar
Devi Sridevi Kavyamela V. Dakshinamoorthy P. Leela
Oru Paarvai Nooru Kavithai(unreleased)

(Ragamalika:Valaji,Sahana,Kalyana Vasantham,Bhairavi )

 Manoranjitham V. Kumar T. M. Soundararajan, Vani Jayaram
Naan Irukka Bayam Edarkku Neethiyin Marupakkam 1985 Ilaiyaraaja S. Janaki
Parvai Theril Hemavin Kadhalargal Raveendran S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Azhagana Sandhangal Adhu Antha Kaalam 1988 Chandrabose K.J. Yesudas, Vani Jairam
Paattuku Yaar Ingu Pallavi Band Master 1993 Deva S.P. Balasubrahmanyam,K. S. Chithra
Kanchi Kamatchi Killadi Mappillai 1994 Mano
Thirukona Moolam Desam 2004 A. R. Rahman S.P. Balasubrahmanyam, Master Vignesh, Baby Pooja
Yedhukkaga Enna Rummy 2014 D. Imman Santhosh Hariharan, AV Pooja

Notes
  1. Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: S G P D Ṉ Ṡ
    • Western: C E G A B♭ C
  2. Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: Ṡ Ṉ D P G S
    • Western: C B♭ A G E C

References
  1. Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
  2. Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras
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