Allegro (train)

The service started on 12 December 2010.[1][2] The aim was to reduce travel time between Helsinki and Saint Petersburg: before Allegro, the journey time was 5½ hours; it became 3 hours and 27 minutes[3] over a journey of 407 km (253 mi) and there were plans to bring it down to 3 hours.[4] The name Allegro is a musical term for a quick tempo, thereby suggesting "high speed". On board the inaugural service were Finnish president Tarja Halonen and Russian prime minister Vladimir Putin.[5]

The service was suspended between 18 March 2020 and 11 December 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[6] Service resumed with restrictions on 12 December 2021.[7]

During the 2022 Russian financial crisis, in the aftermath of international sanctions placed on Russian companies following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Allegro train became a primary means for people to leave Russia.[8] As European airspace had been closed to Russian planes, and Russian airspace is closed to European planes, the train is the only passenger connection between Russia and the European Union. EU authorities have asked VR to keep this train running so that those wishing to leave Russia can do so (though as part of COVID-19 restrictions, only Finnish and Russian citizens had been allowed to use the train, and it runs only twice a day at half-capacity, of 327 passengers; but operators had been working to lift those restrictions in order to allow the evacuation of other nationals).[9] The train has been suspended since 27 March 2022 due to the aforementioned sanctions.[10]

In August 2022, it became known that VR Group had written off all Allegro trains and their spare parts for a total amount of 45.4 million euros. The operator does not plan to resume their use.[11] The trains were owned by Karelian Trains, a 50–50 joint venture between VR Group (Finnish Railways) and Russian Railways (RZD).[1]

Allegro connected the following stations:[12]

• St. Petersburg (Finlyandsky station)
• Vyborg
• Vainikkala
• Kouvola
• Lahti
• Tikkurila
• Helsinki (Central Station)

The trains also stopped previously in Pasila like every other passenger train from and to Helsinki, but this stop was discontinued between 27 March 2016 and 29 March 2020, when the stop in Pasila was revived.[13]

Vainikkala (on the Finnish side of the border) and Vyborg are special stations: on trains bound for Finland, passengers are not allowed to leave the train at Vyborg, as the train only stops to pick up passengers; and on trains bound for Russia, passengers are not allowed to leave the train at Vainikkala, for the same reason.

Karelian Trains Class Sm6
Driver's cabin
In service	2010–2022
Manufacturer	Alstom
Built at	Savigliano
Family name	New Pendolino
Constructed	2009–2011
Entered service	2010
Refurbished	2018–2019
Number built	4
Number in service	4
Formation	7 cars
Capacity	337 + 2 disabled access + 38 in restaurant
Operator(s)	VR Group, Russian Railways
Depot(s)	Ilmala, St. Petersburg
Line(s) served	Helsinki – St. Petersburg
Specifications
Train length	184.80 m (606 ft 4 in)
Car length	25.00 m (82 ft 0 in) 27.20 m (89 ft 3 in)
Width	3,200 mm (10 ft 6 in)
Height	4,270 mm (14 ft 0 in)
Floor height	1,270 mm (4 ft 2 in)
Platform height	200 mm (7.9 in) (Russia AC and Northern Finland) 550 mm (21.7 in) (Southern Finland) 1,100 mm (43.3 in) (Russia DC)
Doors	12+12
Maximum speed	220 km/h (140 mph)
Power output	5,500 kW (7,400 hp)
Electric system(s)	25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC catenary
Current collector(s)	Pantograph
Safety system(s)	Finland: ATP-VR/RHK Russia: KLUB-U
Track gauge	Russian track: 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in) Russian gauge Finnish track: 1,524 mm (5 ft) Wheelsets: 1,522 mm (59.92 in)[14]

The Allegro service was operated using Class Sm6 trainsets built by Alstom. Sm6 stands for electric multiple unit (Finnish: sähkömoottorijuna, literally 'electric motor train') model 6.

The Sm6 appears externally similar to VR's earlier Sm3 Pendolino series, but is based on the fourth generation[15] 'Pendolino Nuovo' or 'New Pendolino' designs and its construction differs from the Sm3 in many ways.[14]

The top speed of the train in passenger traffic is 220 km/h (140 mph) which can be reached between Kerava and Lahti. The train can run at a speed of 200 km/h (120 mph) between Tikkurila and Luumäki and Vyborg and St. Petersburg after extensive rail works.[15] The aim was to reduce travel time between Helsinki and Saint Petersburg from 5½ hours to 3 hours.[4] The travel time as of 2017 was 3 hours 27 minutes.[3]

All four Sm6 trains were refurbished by VR FleetCare between 2018 and 2019.[16] The Sm6 fleet was primarily maintained at Ilmala depot north of Helsinki, although some maintenance mainly related to Russian technical systems was also performed in Saint Petersburg.

The Sm6 is equipped to operate on both the Finnish and the Russian railway networks. The units have dual-voltage electrical equipment able to use both the Finnish 25 kV 50 Hz alternating current and the Russian 3 kV direct current electrification systems. The wheelsets are built to run at over 200 km/h (120 mph) speeds on both the Finnish 1,524 mm (5 ft) and the nominally slightly narrower Russian 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in) gauges, and the doors are equipped with a retractable step to make boarding from both Finnish 550 mm (21.7 in) high and Russian 1,100 mm (43.3 in) high platforms easy. The units are equipped for both the Finnish and Russian railway technical systems, which differ substantially.[17]

• 
  First class coach (before refurbishment)
• 
  First class coach after refurbishment
• 
  Second class coach (before refurbishment)

• Food: there is a restaurant coach, which serves food during the whole journey, except during customs inspection.
• Currency exchange: there is an agent walking constantly back and forth on the train offering currency exchange services.
• Children's area: there is an area where small children can play.

• 
  Restaurant coach (before refurbishment)
• 
  Children's area (before refurbishment)

• List of high speed trains

• Media related to Karelian Trains Class Sm6 at Wikimedia Commons
• Footage of a stop at Kerava station during a test run on 7 April 2010
• Oy Karelian Trains Ltd
• Скоростной поезд "Аллегро" (Russian)
• VR (Official Finnish Railways) website