Kepler-1638

Kepler-1638 is a G-type main-sequence star located about 5,000 light years away in the constellation of Cygnus.[1] One known exoplanet has been found orbiting the star: Kepler-1638b.[5][6][7][8] This planet may be a potentially habitable super-Earth. As of January 2021, Kepler-1638 is the farthest star with a known potentially habitable exoplanet.[9]

Kepler-1638

Constellation where Kepler-1638 is located
Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS)
Constellation Cygnus[1]
Right ascension 19h 41m 55.76712s[2]
Declination +48° 31′ 27.9998″[2]
Apparent magnitude (V) 14.769±0.206[3]
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage main sequence star
Spectral type G4V
Apparent magnitude (J) 13.550±0.023[4]
Apparent magnitude (H) 13.204±0.024[4]
Apparent magnitude (K) 13.138±0.035[4]
Variable type Planetary transit,[3] rotationally variable[4]
Astrometry
Proper motion (μ) RA: −5.092 mas/yr[2]
Dec.: +5.839 mas/yr[2]
Parallax (π)0.6462 ± 0.0165 mas[2]
Distance5,000 ± 100 ly
(1,550 ± 40 pc)
Details[3]
Mass0.9700+0.0490
−0.0590 M☉
Radius0.9500+0.1660
−0.0790 R☉
Temperature5710.0+96.696
−111.431 K
Metallicity [Fe/H]−0.0100+0.1410
−0.1880 dex
Age4.37+4.19
−2.59 Gyr
Other designations
KOI-5856, KIC 11037818, 2MASS J19415577+4831280[4]
Database references
SIMBADdata

Planetary system
The Kepler-1638 planetary system[3]
Companion
(in order from star)		 Mass Semimajor axis
(AU)		 Orbital period
(days)		 Eccentricity Inclination Radius
b ~4.16 M🜨 0.745+0.021
−0.020		 259.33683±0.01303 — 89.9954+0.0021
−0.0844°		 1.87+0.33
−0.22 R🜨

Kepler-1638 b is an exoplanet in orbit of its star, Kepler-1638, located in the constellation Cygnus. It was confirmed in 2016 as part of a study statistically validating hundreds of Kepler planets. Based on the parameters in the discovery paper, the planet is a super-Earth, with a radius of 1.87+0.33
−0.22 R🜨, and a predicted mass of 4.16 Earths. It has an orbit of 259.337±0.013 days in its system's habitable zone and orbits 0.745 AU from its star. It is the most distant known exoplanet that is considered potentially habitable.[3][8][5][6][7]

However, these parameters were estimated before the first measurement of the host star's parallax was published as part of Gaia DR2 in 2018. The Gaia parallax suggests a distance of about 1,548 parsecs (5,050 light-years),[2] much farther than the pre-Gaia estimate of about 764 parsecs (2,490 light-years).[10] This revised distance results in a significantly larger estimate of the radius of the star, and thus of the planet, with a 2018 study finding a planetary radius of 3.226+0.201
−0.315 R🜨. This would make the planet an ice giant like Neptune, and thus not potentially habitable in an Earth-like sense.[11][3]

References
  1. Staff (2 August 2008). "Finding the constellation which contains given sky coordinates". DJM.cc. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  2. Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  3. "Kepler-1638". NASA Exoplanet Archive. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  4. "Kepler-1638". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  5. Burgess, Matt (11 May 2016). "Nasa's Kepler telescope just found 1,284 exoplanets". Wired UK. ISSN 1357-0978. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  6. "Exoplanet-catalog". Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  7. May 2016, Mike Wall 11 (11 May 2016). "1st Alien Earth Still Elusive Despite Huge Exoplanet Haul". Space.com. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  8. Morton, Timothy D.; Bryson, Stephen T.; Coughlin, Jeffrey L.; Rowe, Jason F.; Ravichandran, Ganesh; et al. (May 2016). "False Positive Probabilities for all Kepler Objects of Interest: 1284 Newly Validated Planets and 428 Likely False Positives". The Astrophysical Journal. 822 (2): 86. arXiv:1605.02825. Bibcode:2016ApJ...822...86M. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/822/2/86. S2CID 20832201.
  9. "The Habitable Exoplanets Catalog - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo". phl.upr.edu. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  10. Torres, Guillermo; et al. (December 2017). "Validation of Small Kepler Transiting Planet Candidates in or near the Habitable Zone". The Astronomical Journal. 154 (6): 264. arXiv:1711.01267. Bibcode:2017AJ....154..264T. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa984b. S2CID 73678176.
  11. Berger, Travis A.; Huber, Daniel; Gaidos, Eric; van Saders, Jennifer L. (October 2018). "Revised Radii of Kepler Stars and Planets Using Gaia Data Release 2". The Astrophysical Journal. 866 (2): 99. arXiv:1805.00231. Bibcode:2018ApJ...866...99B. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aada83.

See also
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