Arab diaspora

Arab diaspora is a term that refers to descendants of the Arab emigrants who, voluntarily or as forcibly, migrated from their native lands to non-Arab countries, primarily in the Americas, Europe, Southeast Asia, and West Africa.

Arab diaspora
الشتات العربي
Total population
50,000,000[1]
Regions with significant populations
 Turkey5 million[2][3][4][5][6] to 9 million[7]
 France4-7 million[8] to 5.5[9] million people of North African (Arab or Berber) descent[10]
 Colombia3,200,000[11][12][13][14][15]
 Niger2,116,000[16]
 United States2,097,642 [17][18]
 Argentina2,000,000[19]
 BrazilHighly inconsistent data regarding the number of ethnic Arabs. Some sources claim there are 15 to 21 million Arabs and descendants of Arabs.[20][21] According to research conducted by IBGE in 2008, covering only the states of Amazonas, Paraíba, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso and Distrito Federal, 0.9% of white Brazilian respondents said they had family origins in Western Asia. This would represent a population of about 1,900,000.[22]
 Peru1,750,000[23]
 Venezuela1,600,000[24]
 Chad1,536,000 (est.)[25]
 Iran1,500,000[26]
 Germany1,401,950[27]
 Spain1,350,000[28][29]
 Mexico1,100,000[30][31]
 Mali950,000[32]
 Chile800,000[33][34][35][36]
 Belgium800,000 (600,000 from Morocco)
 Canada520,323[37]
 Italy680,000[38]
 Netherlands480,000–613,800[39]
 Burkina Faso350,000[40]
 Australia321,728[41]
 Ivory Coast300,000[42]
 Honduras275,000 [43][44]
 Ecuador250,000 [45]
 United KingdomEngland: 230,556 (2011 census)[46]
Wales: 9,989 (2011 census)[46]
Scotland: 9,366 (2011 census)[47]
 El SalvadorMore than 120,000[48][49][50][51][52]
 Malaysia96,672
 Indonesia
Languages
Arabic (mother tongue), French, Italian, Spanish, English, Portuguese, Malay, Filipino, Hebrew, Indonesian, Japanese, German, Turkish, Persian and other languages among others
Religion
Predominantly Islam in Europe and Asia, Christianity in the Americas, but also Druze, and irreligion
Related ethnic groups

Immigrants from Arab countries, such as Sudan, Syria and Palestine, also form significant diasporas in other Arab states.

Overview

Arab expatriates contribute to the circulation of financial and human capital in the region and thus significantly promote regional development. In 2009 Arab countries received a total of US$35.1 billion in remittance in-flows and remittances sent to Jordan, Egypt and Lebanon from other Arab countries are 40 to 190 per cent higher than trade revenues between these and other Arab countries.[54] Large numbers of Arabs migrated to West Africa, particularly Côte d'Ivoire,[55] Senegal,[56] Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Nigeria.[57] Since the end of the civil war in 2002, Lebanese traders have become re-established in Sierra Leone.

According to Saudi Aramco World, the largest concentration of Arabs outside the Arab World is in Brazil, which has 9 million Brazilians of Arab ancestry.[58] Of these 9 million Arabs, 6 million are of Lebanese ancestry,[59][60][61] making Brazil's population of Lebanese equivalent to that of Lebanon itself. However, these figures are contradicted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), which is the agency responsible for official collection of statistical information in Brazil. According to the 2010 Brazilian census conducted by IBGE, there were only 12,336 Lebanese nationals living in Brazil and other Arab nationalities were so small that they were not even listed.[62] The Brazilian census does not ask about ancestry or family origin. There is a question about nationality and, according to the Brazilian law, any person born in Brazil is a Brazilian national by birth and right for any purpose, nationally or internationally - not an Arab.[63][64] The last Brazilian census to ask about family origin was conducted in 1940. At that time, 107,074 Brazilians said they had a Syrian, Lebanese, Palestinian, Iraqi or Arab father. Native Arabs were 46,105 and naturalized Brazilians were 5,447. In 1940, Brazil had 41,169,321 inhabitants, hence Arabs and their children were 0.38% of Brazil's population in 1940.[65]

Colombia,[66] Argentina, Venezuela, Mexico and Chile. Palestinians cluster in Chile and Central America, particularly El Salvador, and Honduras.[67] The Palestinian community in Chile[68][69] is the fourth largest in the world after those in Israel, Lebanon, and Jordan. Arab Haitians (a large number of whom live in the capital) are more often than not, concentrated in financial areas where the majority of them establish businesses. In the United States, there are around 3.5 million people of Arab ancestry.[70]

It has been estimated that there are as many as four million Indonesians with at least partial Arab ancestry.[71] They are generally well-integrated socially with Indonesian society, and identify as Indonesians.[72] In the 2010 census, 118,886 people, amounting to 0.05% of the population, identified themselves as being of Arab ethnicity.[73]

See also

References

Notes

    Citations

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    2. (UNHCR), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. "UNHCR Syria Regional Refugee Response". UNHCR Syria Regional Refugee Response. Archived from the original on 5 March 2018. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
    3. Kaya, Ibrahim (2009). "The Iraqi Refugee Crisis and Turkey: a Legal Outlook". cadmus.eui.eu. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
    4. "The Impact of Syrian Refugees on Turkey". www.washingtoninstitute.org.
    5. "Turkey's demographic challenge". www.aljazeera.com.
    6. "UNHCR Syria Regional Refugee Response/ Turkey". UNHCR. 31 December 2015. Archived from the original on 5 March 2018. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
    7. Al-Jazeera.net, 2020. مقابلة مع الجزيرة نت.. مستشار أردوغان: 10% من سكان تركيا عرب وهذه أوضاعهم. Accessed on 16 June 2020.
    8. Crumley, Bruce (24 March 2009), "Should France Count Its Minority Population?", Time, retrieved 11 October 2014
    9. "To count or not to count". The Economist. 26 March 2009. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
    10. Bertet, Elsa (29 January 2008). "French-Arabs battle stereotypes". Variety. Archived from the original on 21 February 2010. Retrieved 22 August 2010.
    11. "Colombia y Medio Oriente". Retrieved 2 July 2022.
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    13. Tiempo, Casa Editorial El (7 March 2019). "Los palestinos que encontraron un segundo hogar en el centro de Bogotá". El Tiempo (in Spanish). Retrieved 18 June 2022.
    14. "Estimación de la mortalidad, 1985-2005" [Estimation of mortality, 1985-2005] (PDF). Postcensal Studies (in Spanish). Bogotá, Colombia: DANE. March 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 November 2007. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
    15. "Proyecciones nacionales y departamentales de población. 2006-2020" [National and departmental population projections. 2006-2020] (PDF) (in Spanish). DANE National Statistical Service, Colombia. September 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 November 2007. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
    16. "Niger - The World Factbook". www.cia.gov. 29 September 2021.
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    20. Silvia Ferabolli (25 September 2014). Arab Regionalism: A Post-Structural Perspective. Routledge. p. 151. ISBN 978-1-317-65803-0. According to estimates by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), countersigned by the League of Arab States, Brazil has the largest Arab colony outside their countries of origin. There are estimated 15 million Arabs living in Brazil today, with some researchers suggesting numbers around 20 million.
    21. Paul Amar (15 July 2014). The Middle East and Brazil: Perspectives on the New Global South. Indiana University Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-253-01496-2. there are, according to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, more than sixteen million Arabs and descendants of Arabs in Brazil, constituting the largest community of Arabs descent outside the Middle East.
    22. IBGE. IBGE | Biblioteca | Detalhes | Características étnico-raciais da população : classificações e identidades IBGE: Características Étnico-Raciais da População.
    23. Abuhadba Rodrigues, Daniel (2007). "Inmigración árabe al Perú". Biblioteca Universitaria de la UNSAAC.
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    38. Dati ISTAT 2016, counting only immigrants from the Arab world. "Cittadini stranieri in Italia - 2016". tuttitalia.it.
    39. "Dutch media perceived as much more biased than Arabic media – Media & Citizenship Report conducted by University of Utrecht" (PDF), Utrecht University, 10 September 2010, archived from the original (PDF) on 28 February 2019, retrieved 29 November 2010
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