List of HVDC projects

This is a list of notable high-voltage direct-current power transmission projects.

HVDC projects for long-distance transmission have two (or rarely, more) converter stations and a transmission line interconnecting them. Generally overhead lines are used for interconnection, but an important class of HVDC projects use submarine power cables. A back-to-back station has no transmission line and connects two AC grids at different frequencies or phase counts. Historical HVDC systems used the Thury system of motor-generators but these have all been made obsolete by later developments such as mercury-arc valves (now also obsolete), thyristors, and IGBT power transistors.

Legend

Line type:

Line status:

  Existing
  Under construction
  Planned
  Decommissioned

Africa
Name
Converter
station 1
Converter
station 2
Total Length (Cable/Pole)
(km)
Nominal
Voltage
(kV)
Power (MW)
Year
Type
Remarks
Ref
Cahora BassaMozambique - Songo
15°36′41″S 32°44′59″E		South Africa - Apollo
25°55′11″S 28°16′34″E		1420
(0/1420)		53319201979ThyrFirst HVDC with Project up to 500kV
Siemens and ABB refurb 2013-2014		 [1][2][3]
Inga-ShabaCongo, The Democratic Republic of the - Kolwezi
10°39′27″S 25°27′08″E		Congo, The Democratic Republic of the - Inga
05°31′27″S 13°36′39″E		1700
(0/1700)		5005601982ThyrUpgraded in 2014
Supplier: ABB, General Electric		[1][4][5][6]
Caprivi LinkNamibia - Gerus
20°18′53″S 16°27′9″E		Namibia - Zambezi
17°30′6″S 24°13′20″E		950
(0/950)		3503002010IGBTSupplier: ABB[1][7]
Ethiopia–Kenya HVDC InterconnectorEthiopia - Wolayta
6°54′27″N 37°43′19″E		Kenya - Suswa
1°03′44″S 36°21′35″E		1045
(0/1045)		5002000On going (2022)ThyrSupplier: Siemens
Xlinks Morocco-UK Power ProjectMorocco - Guelmim-Oued Noun regionUK - Alverdiscott, Devon38003600Proposed (2022)Supplier: Xlinks[8]

[9]

Australia and Oceania
Name
Converter
station 1
Converter
station 2
Total Length (Cable/Pole)
(km) 		Nominal
Voltage
(kV)
Power (MW)
Year
Type
Remarks
Ref
HVDC Inter-Island 1New Zealand - Benmore
44°33′55″S 170°11′24″E		New Zealand - Haywards
41°9′1″S 174°58′52″E		611
(40/571)		2706001965MercBuilt as 250 kV 600 MW link
Paralleled to operate at 270 kV as positive pole with HVDC Inter-Island 2 in 1992.
Partially decommissioned in 2007, fully decommissioned in August 2012.
Supplier: ABB		 [1]
HVDC Inter-Island 2New Zealand - Benmore
44°33′55″S 170°11′24″E		New Zealand - Haywards
41°9′1″S 174°58′52″E		611
(40/571)		3507001992ThyrNegative pole, operates in bipole configuration with HVDC Inter-Island 3 (previously HVDC Inter-Island 1)
Restricted to 500 MW due to cable rating.
Supplier: ABB		[1]
Terranora interconnector (Directlink)Australia - Mullumbimby
28°34′15″S 153°27′8″E		Australia - Bungalora
28°15′20″S 153°28′20″E		59
(59/0)		801802000IGBTLand cable
Supplier: ABB		[1]
MurraylinkAustralia - Red Cliffs
34°17′31″S 142°14′19″E		Australia - Berri
34°14′17″S 140°36′01″E		176
(176/0)		1502002002IGBTUnderground XLPE cable
Supplier: ABB		[1]
BasslinkAustralia - Loy Yang
38°15′45″S 146°36′29″E		Australia - George Town
41°6′53″S 146°53′31″E		370 (298/72)4005002006ThyrOne of the longest HVDC cable in operation
Supplier: Siemens		[1][10][11]
HVDC Inter-Island 3New Zealand - Benmore
44°33′55″S 170°11′24″E		New Zealand - Haywards
41°9′1″S 174°58′52″E		611
(40/571)		3507352013ThyrPositive pole, operates in bipole configuration with HVDC Inter-Island 2
Supplier: Siemens		[12]
Australia–ASEAN Power LinkAustralia - DarwinSingapore4200 undersea
800 overland		2027aka Sun Cable
Marinus linkAustralia - BurnieAustralia - Latrobe ValleyApproximately 340 (90/250)750 + 750late 2020s[13]

Asia
Name Converter
station 1
Converter
station 2
Total Length (Cable/Pole)
(km)
Nominal
Voltage
(kV)
Power (MW)
Year
Type
Remarks
Ref
Hokkaido - HonshuJapan - Hakodate
41°55′55″N 140°39′47″E		Japan - Kamikita
40°48′06″N 141°11′52″E		193
(44/149)		2503001979ThyrSupplier: ABB, Hitachi, Toshiba[1]
Zhou ShanChina - Ningbo
29°55′25″N 121°46′51″E		China - Gao Tongge
30°02′13″N 122°04′03″E		54
(12/42)		100501982Thyr[1]
Gezhouba - ShanghaiChina - Gezhouba Dam
30°43′44″N 111°14′39″E		China - Nan Qiao
30°57′22″N 121°24′48″E		1046
(0/1046)		50012001989ThyrPower line shares pylons of HVDC Hubei - Shanghai in most part of its track

Supplier: ABB, Siemens

HVDC C&P System Refurbished by NR Electric

 [14]
Sileru-BarsoorIndia - Sileru
17°52′01″N 81°39′21″E		India - Barsoor
19°8′20″N 81°23′47″E		196
(0/196)		2001001989ThyrSupplier: BHEL[1]
Ekibastuz–TambovKazakhstan - Ekibastuz
51°48′57″N 75°18′58″E		Russia - Tambov
52°46′25″N 41°19′17″E		2414
(0/2414)		7506000-ThyrConstruction sites abandoned around 1990 owing to collapse of Soviet Union, line was never completed
Rihand-DelhiIndia - Rihand
24°01′13″N 82°47′21″E		India - Dadri
28°35′36″N 77°36′16″E		814
(0/814)		50015001990ThyrSupplier: ABB, BHEL[15]
Haenam-ChejuSouth Korea - Haenam
34°22′03″N 126°35′34″E		South Korea - Jeju
33°32′06″N 126°35′44″E		101
(101/0)		1803001996ThyrSupplier: Alstom[1]
Leyte - LuzonPhilippines - Ormoc, Leyte
11°5′19″N 124°38′21″E		Philippines - Naga, Camarines Sur
13°36′40″N 123°14′19″E		451
(21/430)		3504401998ThyrSupplier: ABB, Marubeni

HVDC C&P System Refurbished by NR Electric

[1]
Chandrapur-PadgheIndia - Chandrapur
20°0′36″N 79°17′06″E		India - Padghe
19°21′26″N 73°11′18″E		752
(0/752)		50015001999ThyrSupplier: ABB[16]
Kii ChannelJapan - Anan
33°49′40″N 134°38′14″E		Japan - Kihoku
34°12′50″N 135°30′07″E		100
(50/50)		25014002000ThyrSupplier: Hitachi, Toshiba, Mitsubishi[1]
Tian-GuangChina - Tianshengqiao
24°54′56″N 105°05′47″E		China - Beijiao
23°18′58″N 113°15′05″E		960
(0/960)		50018002001ThyrSupplier: Siemens

HVDC C&P System Refurbished by NR Electric

[1]
Thailand-MalaysiaThailand - Khlong Ngae
6°42′56″N 100°27′8″E		Malaysia - Gurun
5°48′45″N 100°32′6″E		110
(0/110)		3003002001ThyrSupplier: Siemens[1]
ShengsiChina - Shengsi
30°42′06″N 122°26′22″E		China - Anabasis Sizu
30°51′56″N 121°50′25″E		66.2
(63.21/2.99)		50602002Thyr[17]
Talcher-KolarIndia - Talcher, Odisha
21°06′01″N 85°03′49″E		India - Kolar, Karnataka
13°10′39″N 78°7′0″E		1450
(0/1450)		50025002003ThyrSupplier: Siemens[1]
Three Gorges - ChangzhouChina - Longquan
30°47′6″N 111°31′48″E		China - Zhengping
31°36′42″N 119°59′27″E		890
(0/890)		50030002003ThyrFrom north bank of Three Gorges to Zhengping, 200 km from Shanghai in the East grid
Supplier: ABB, Siemens. Sharing of grounding electrode at Chujiahu with HVDC Hubei-Shanghai		[1][18][19]
Guizhou - Guangdong IChina - Anshun, Guizhou
26°16′23″N 105°48′21″E		China - Zhaoqing, Guangdong
22°54′57″N 112°29′11″E		980
(0/980)		50030002004ThyrSupplier: Siemens[1]
Three Gorges - GuangdongChina - Jingzhou
30°27′26″N 112°08′18″E		China - Huizhou
23°16′15″N 114°12′5″E		940
(0/940)		50030002004ThyrSupplier: ABB[1][20]
Three Gorges - ShanghaiChina - Yidu
30°31′45″N 111°22′35″E		China - Shanghai
31°14′13″N 121°11′13″E		1060
(0/1060)		50030002006ThyrSupplier: ABB[1][21]
Guizhou - Guangdong IIChina - Xingren
25°27′56″N 105°15′14″E		China - Shenzhen
22°45′1″N 113°59′28″E		1200
(0/1200)		50030002007ThyrSupplier: Siemens, Sharing of grounding electrode at Linwu with HVDC Yunnan - Guangdong[1]
Ballia - BhiwadiIndia - Ballia
26°04′16″N 83°42′48″E		India - Bhiwadi
28°11′0″N 76°48′58″E		800
(0/800)		50025002010ThyrSupplier: Siemens[1]
Baoji - DeyangChina - Baoji
34°34′47″N 107°19′49″E		China - Denyang
31°19′22″N 104°34′51″E		574
(0/574)		50030002010Thyr ???
Hulunbeir - LiaoningChina - Hulunbeir
48°31′04″N 119°43′30″E		China - Shenyang
41°07′25″N 122°46′44″E		920
(0/920)		50030002010ThyrSupplier: ABB[1][22]
Xiangjiaba-ShanghaiChina - Fulong
28°32′47″N 104°25′04″E		China - Fengxia
30°55′32″N 121°46′16″E		 1980
(0/1980)		80064002010ThyrSupplier: ABB[1][23]
Yunnan - GuangdongChina - Yunnan province
25°11′24″N 102°11′30″E		China - Zengcheng
23°15′19″N 113°40′44″E		1418
(0/1418)		80050002010ThyrSupplier: Siemens, Sharing of grounding electrode at Linwu with HVDC Guizhou - Guangdong II

highlight: worldwide first dc 800kv hvdc application

 [1]
Hubei - ShanghaiChina - Jingmen
30°49′21″N 112°07′15″E		China - Fenjing
30°52′00″N 121°00′58″E		970
(0/970)		50030002011ThyrPower line shares pylons of HVDC Gezhouba - Shanghai in most part of its track, sharing of grounding electrode at Chujiahu with HVDC Shanghai-Changzhou ???
Nanhui Wind Farm IntegrationChinaChina8.4
(8.4/0)		30182011IGBTSupplier: C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co.,Ltd[24]
Ningdong - ShandongChina - Yinchuan
38°06′56″N 106°30′55″E		China - Qingdao
36°18′41″N 119°52′53″E		1335
(0/1335)		66040002011ThyrSupplier:Alstom; C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co.,Ltd[1]
Qinghai - TibetChina - Geermu
36°21′20″N 95°11′05″E		China - Lhasa
29°52′39″N 91°11′44″E		1038
(0/1038)		40015002011ThyrPowerline reaches altitudes up to 5300 m above sea level
Supplier: CET, SGCC		[1]
Mundra - HaryanaIndia - Mundra
22°49′46″N 69°33′22″E		India - Mohindergarh 28°21′40″N 76°12′56″E960
(0/960)		50025002012ThyrSupplier: Siemens[1]
Dalian City InfeedChina - Dalian NorthChina - Dalian South43
(43/0)		32010002013IGBT[25]
Jinping - SunanChina - Jinping
27°50′11″N 102°08′30″E		China - Suzhou
31°03′44″N 120°37′20″E		2090
(0/2090)		80072002013ThyrSupplier: ABB, C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co.,Ltd

ACC Provided by NR Electric in Jinping Converter Station

[26]
Nanao Multi-terminal VSC HVDCChina - Sucheng
23°26′40″N 116°48′50″E		China - Jinniu
23°26′14″N 117°01′36″E; China - Qingao
23°25′46″N 117°07′45″E		32
(10/32)		±160200/100/502013IEGT/IGBTSEPRI (Electric Power Research Institute, China Southern Power Grid) is technically responsible for the entire project. Multiple suppliers are involved: three different VSC HVDC valve suppliers, two different HVDC land/sea cable suppliers and three different control & protection system/equipment suppliers.[27][28]
Nuozhadu - GuangdongChina - Nuozhadu
22°39′20″N 100°40′00″E		China - Jiangmen
22°42′33″N 112°52′12″E		141380064002013Thyr ???
Xiluodo - GuangdongChina - Zhaotong
28°07′21″N 104°22′27″E		China - Conghua
23°34′00″N 113°27′03″E		1286
(0/1286)		50064002013Thyr ???
Hami - ZhengzhouChina-Hami
42°35′20″N 93°27′46″E		China-Zhengzhou
34°48′46″N 114°03′24″E		221080080002014ThyrSupplier: C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co.,Ltd

HVDC C&P System Provided by NR Electric

 [29][30][31][32][33][34]
Jindo - JejuSouth Korea - Jindo
34°23′08″N 126°11′14″E		South Korea - Jeju
33°27′17″N 126°28′25″E		105
(105/0)		2504002014ThyrSupplier: Alstom (converter stations), LS Cable and System (cables).[1][35][36]
Xiluodo - West ZhejiangChina - Xiluodu
28°27′37″N 104°20′20″E		China - Jinghua
28°53′46″N 119°43′00″E		168080080002014ThyrSupplier:C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co.,Ltd ???
Zhoushan Multi-terminal DC InterconnectionChina - Zhoushan
30°09′07″N 121°59′29″E		China - Qushan
30°25′26″N 122°16′48″E ; China - Daishan
30°19′37″N 122°11′35″E ; China - Yangshan
30°36′26″N 122°07′40″E ; China - Sijiao
30°41′45″N 122°25′50″E		134
(134/0)		±2004002014IGBTSupplier:C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co.,Ltd

HVDC C&P System Provided by NR Electric

 [37]
Humeng - ShandongChinaChina80064002015Thyr ???
Irkutsk - BeijingRussia - IrkutskChina - Beijing80064002015Thyr ???
Champa-KurukshetraIndia - ChampaIndia - Kurukshetra1365
(0/1365)		8002 x 30002016Thyr2 Bipoles. Supplier: Alstom[38]
Goupitan - GuangdongChinaChina30002016Thyr ???
Jinsha River II - East ChinaChinaChina80064002016Thyr ???
North-EastIndia - Agra
27°05′01″N 78°04′22″E		India - Biswanath
26°44′23″N 93°13′09″E		1728
(0/1728)		80060002016ThyrWill supply electricity to serve 90 million people
Bipole Ultra high voltage, multiterminal (intermediate converter station at Alipurdauar 26°29′23″N 89°27′41″E)
Supplier: ABB		[39]
New HVDC Hokkaido-HonshuJapan - Imabetsu
41°08′01″N 140°30′46″E		Japan - Hokuto
41°54′57″N 140°35′07″E		122
(24/98)		2503002019IGBTsuppliers: Toshiba[40][41]
Matiari to Lahore Transmission Line ProjectPakistan - Matiari, SindhPakistan - Lahore, Punjab87866040002021Thyr±660 kV Bipole HVDC with Converter/ Grounding Electrode Stations [42]
Inner Mongolia - LinyiChina - Shizhustan
38°46′40″N 106°52′00″E		China - Linyi
35°33′07″N 118°37′07″E		80064002017Thyr ???
Jiuquan- XiangtanChina - Qiaowan
40°36′03″N 96°43′22″E		China - Xiangtan
27°38′55″N 112°47′25″E		80064002017ThyrSupplier:C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co.,Ltd

HVDC C&P System Provided by NR Electric

 ???
North Shanxi - NanjingChina - North Shanxi
39°39′35″N 112°27′45″E		China - Nanjing
32°54′47″N 118°35′33″E		2017Thyr ???
Northwest Yunnan - GuangdongChina - Xinsong
26°24′55″N 99°49′12″E		China - Dongfang
22°44′17″N 113°52′07″E		195380050002018Thyr ???
Xilin Hot - TaizhouChina - Xilin Hot
44°14′40″N 116°30′22″E		China - Taizhou
33°07′25″N 119°58′05″E		800100002017Thyr ???
Yinchuan - ZhujiChina - Yinchuan
37°43′45″N 106°32′22″E		China - Zhuji
29°56′25″N 120°13′12″E		80064002017ThyrHVDC C&P System Provided by NR Electric  ???
Dianxibei - GuangdongChina-LijiangChina-Zhengzhen1928/080050002017ThyrSupplier: C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co.,Ltd ???
Jinsha River II - FujianChinaChina80064002018Thyr ???
Humeng - LiaoningChinaChina80064002018Thyr ???
Rudong Offshore Wind ConnectorChina - Jiangsu RudongChina - Jiangsu Rudong Platform100
(100/0)		40011002022IGBTSuppliers: XJ and RXHK for valve, ZTT Cable
Sheyang Offshore Wind ConnectorChina - Jiangsu SheyangChina - Jiangsu Sheyang Platform83
(83/0)		25011002022IGBT
Zhangbei DC Grid ProjectChina - BeijingChina - Zhangbei
China - Fengning
China - Kangbao
495
(0/495)		5003000/3000/1500/15002021IGBTFour terminal DC Grid

Suppliers: NR Electric, others

 [43]
Wudongde multi-terminal UHVDC demonstration projectChina - YunnanChina - Guangxi
China - Guangdong		1489
(0/1489)		8008000/3000/50002021Thyr/IGBTThree terminal Hybrid DC system, Yunnan (Thyristor), Guangdong and Guangxi (IGBT)
Raigarh-PugalurIndia - Raigarh
21°51′21″N 83°21′01″E		India - Pugalur
10°49′33″N 77°32′13″E		1830
80060002019ThyrSupplier: ABB[44]
CASA-1000Tajikistan - SangtudaPakistan - Nowshera75050013002025Thyr±500 kV Bipole HVDC with Converter Stations[45][46]

Europe
Name
Converter
station 1
Converter
station 2
Total Length (Cable/Pole)
(km)
Nominal
Voltage
(kV)
Power (MW)
Year
Type
Remarks
Ref
Malta–Sicily interconnectorMaltaItaly - Ragusa, Sicily952202002015

Damaged and repaired in 2019 and again in 2022[47]
Miesbach-Munich Power TransmissionGermany - MiesbachGermany - Munich58
(0/58)		20.00251882Single machineDemonstration facility

Dismantled
Gorzente River - Genoa DC transmission schemeItaly - Gorzente RiverItaly - Genoa ?6 ?1889ThuryUpgraded later to a voltage of 14 kV, power of 2.5 MW and a length of 120 km

Dismantled
La Chaux-de-Fonds DC transmission schemeSwitzerland - ?Switzerland - ? ?14 ?1897ThuryDismantled
St. Maurice - Lausanne DC transmission schemeSwitzerland - St. MauriceSwitzerland - Lausanne ?223.71899ThuryDismantled
Lyon-Moutiers DC transmission schemeFrance - LyonFrance - Moutiers200
(10/190)		75301906ThuryDismantled in 1936
Wilesden-Ironbridge DC transmission schemeUK - WilesdenUK - Ironbridge ?100 ?1910ThuryDismantled
Chambéry DC transmission schemeFrance - ?France - ? ?150 ?1925ThuryDismantled in 1937
HVDC Zurich-WettingenSwitzerland - Wettingen 47°27′25″N 8°19′15″ESwitzerland - Zurich20
(0/20)		500.51939MercExperimental facility built by BBC

Dismantled
HVDC Charlottenburg-MoabitGermany - Berlin-MoabitGermany - Berlin-Charlottenburg4.6
(0/4.6)		100141942MercExperimental facility built by Siemens

Dismantled in 1945
Lehrte-Misburg HVDCGermany - Lehrte 52°22′54″N 9°55′03″EGermany - Hannover/Misburg ?80161944MercExperimental facility

Dismantled
Elbe-ProjectGermany - Vockerode 51°50′40″N 12°21′50″EGermany - Berlin, Marienfelde 52°25′49″N 13°22′42″E115
(115/0)		200601945MercNever placed in service

Dismantled
HVDC Trollhättan-MellerudSweden - TrollhättanSweden - Mellerud50
(0/50)		456.51946MercExperimental facility built by ASEA

Dismantled
Moscow–KashiraRussia - Moscow 55°39′32″N 37°38′16″ERussia - Kashira100
(100/0)		200301951MercBuilt of parts of HVDC Elbe-Project

Shut down

[1]
Gotland 1Sweden - Västervik 57°43′41″N 16°38′51″ESweden - Yigne 57°35′13″N 18°11′44″E98
(98/0)		200201954MercWorld's first commercial HVDC link. Expanded by ABB in 1970, decommissioned in 1986[1][48]
Cross-ChannelFrance - Echingen 50°41′48″N 1°38′21″EUK - Lydd 50°54′54″N 0°56′50″E64
(64/0)		1001601961MercShut down in 1984[1]
Volgograd-DonbassRussia - Volzhskaya 48°49′34″N 44°40′20″EUkraine - Mikhailovskaya 48°39′13″N 38°33′56″E475
(0/475)		4007501965Merc/ThyrShut down in 2014[1]
Konti-Skan 1Denmark - Vester Hassing 57°3′46″N 10°5′24″ESweden - Stenkullen 57°48′15″N 12°19′13″E176
(87/89)		2502501965MercReplaced in August 2006 by modern converters using thyristors[1]
SACOI 1Italy - Suvereto 43°3′10″N 10°41′42″E ( before 1992: Italy - San Dalmazio 43°15′43″N 10°55′05″E)France- Lucciana 42°31′40″N 9°26′59″E ; Codrongianos, Italy 40°39′7″N 8°42′48″E483
(365/118)		2002001965MercReplaced in 1986 by Thyr, multiterminal scheme.
The line reused by SACOI 2, see below.		[1]
KingsnorthUK - Kingsnorth 51°25′11″N 0°35′46″EUK - London-Beddington 51°22′23″N 0°7′38″W85
(85/0)		2663201975MercBipolar scheme

Supplier: English Electric Shut down in 1987

[49]
KingsnorthUK - KingsnorthUK - London-Willesden 51°32′03″N 0°15′29″W111
(111/0)		2663201975MercOpposite pole of Kingsnorth - Beddington. Cable wholly underground except for Thames crossing - crossed on upstream side of Putney District line railway bridge
Skagerrak 1 + 2Denmark - Tjele 56°28′44″N 9°34′1″ENorway - Kristiansand 58°15′36″N 7°53′55″E230
(130/100)		2505001977Thyr  Supplier: STK(Nexans) Control system upgrade by ABB in 2007[50][51][52]
Gotland 2Sweden - Västervik 57°43′41″N 16°38′51″ESweden - Yigne 57°35′13″N 18°11′44″E99.5
(92.9/6.6)		1501301983ThyrSupplier: ABB
Interconnexion France Angleterre (new)France - Les Mandarins 50°54′11″N 1°47′5″EUK - Sellindge 51°6′21″N 0°58′32″E72
(72/0)		27020001986Thyr2 bipolar systems

Supplier: Alstom

 [1][53]
Gotland 3Sweden - Västervik 57°43′41″N 16°38′51″ESweden - Yigne 57°35′13″N 18°11′44″E98
(98/0)		1501301987ThyrSupplier: ABB
Konti-Skan 2Denmark - Vester, Hassing 57°3′46″N 10°5′24″ESweden - Lindome 57°36′24″N 12°6′40″E147
(87/60)		2853001988ThyrSupplier: ABB
Fenno-SkanFinland - Rauma 61°09′07″N 21°37′32″ESweden - Dannebo 60°24′14″N 18°08′10″E233
(200/33)		4005001989ThyrSupplier: ABB
SACOI 2Italy - Suvereto 43°3′10″N 10°41′42″E ( before 1992: Italy - San Dalmazio 43°15′43″N 10°55′05″E)France- Lucciana 42°31′40″N 9°26′59″E ; Codrongianos, Italy 40°39′7″N 8°42′48″E422
(118/304)		2003001992ThyrMultiterminal scheme

Supplier: Alstom
Skagerrak 3Denmark - Tjele 56°28′44″N 9°34′1″ENorway - Kristiansand 58°15′36″N 7°53′55″E230
(130/100)		3504401993ThyrSupplier: Nexans ABB[50]
Baltic CableGermany - Lübeck- Herrenwyk 53°53′46″N 10°48′9″ESweden - Kruseberg 55°30′1″N 13°8′45″E262
(250/12)		4506001994ThyrSupplier: ABB
KontekDenmark - Bjæverskov 55°27′1″N 12°0′27″EGermany - Bentwisch 54°6′3″N 12°13′1″E170
(170/0)		4006001996ThyrSupplier: ABB
Hellsjön-GrängesbergSweden - Hellsjön 60°02′50″N 15°08′52″ESweden - Grängesberg 60°03′53″N 14°59′39″E10
(0/10)		18031997IGBTExperimental HVDC

Supplier: ABB
Visby-NäsSweden - Näs 57°05′58″N 18°14′27″ESweden - Visby 57°37′29″N 18°21′18″E70
(70/0)		80501999Thyr 
SwePolPoland - Wierzbięcin 54°30′8″N 16°53′28″ESweden - Stärnö 56°9′11″N 14°50′29″E245
(245/0)		4506002000ThyrSupplier: ABB[54]
TjæreborgDenmark - Tjæreborg/Enge 55°26′52″N 8°35′34″EDenmark - Tjæreborg/Substation 55°28′07″N 8°33′36″E4.3
(4.3/0)		972000IGBTInterconnection to wind power generating stations
Italy-GreeceGreece - Arachthos 39°11′00″N 20°57′48″EItaly - Galatina 40°9′53″N 18°7′49″E310
(200/110)		4005002001Thyr 
MoyleUK - Auchencrosh 55°04′10″N 4°58′50″WUK - N. Ireland- Ballycronan More 54°50′34″N 5°46′11″W63.5
(63.5/0)		2505002001ThyrSupplier: Siemens, Nexans[55]
HVDC TrollNorway - Kollsnes 60°33′01″N 4°50′26″ENorway - Offshore platform Troll A 60°40′00″N 3°40′00″E70
(70/0)		60802004IGBTPower supply for offshore gas compressor

Supplier: ABB

 [56]
EstlinkFinland - Espoo 60°12′14″N 24°33′06″EEstonia - Harku 59°23′5″N 24°33′37″E105
(105/0)		1503502006IGBTSupplier: ABB[56]
NorNedNetherlands - Eemshaven 53°26′4″N 6°51′57″ENorway - Feda 58°16′58″N 6°51′55″E580
(580/0)		4507002008ThyrSupplier: ABB, Nexans[56]
BritNedUK - Grain 51°26′24″N 0°43′0″ENetherlands - Maasvlakte 51°57′27″N 4°01′17″E245
(245/0)		45010002010ThyrOperational since April 2011. Supplier: Siemens[56][57]

[58][59]

StoreBæltDenmark - Fraugde 55°22′01″N 10°30′25″EDenmark - Herslev 55°31′53″N 11°19′01″E56
(56/0)		4006002010ThyrOperational since August 2010. Supplier: Siemens[56]
CometaSpain - Morvedre 39°38′28″N 0°14′7″WSpain - Santa Ponsa 39°32′2″N 2°30′21″E247
(247/0)		2504002011ThyrExpected completion 2011

Supplier: Siemens (converter stations); Prysmian/Nexans (cables)

[56]
Fenno-Skan 2Finland - Rauma 61°09′07″N 21°37′32″ESweden - Finnböle 60°25′30″N 17°3′42″E303
(200/103)		5008002011Thyr 
SAPEIItaly - Latina 41°25′47″N 12°48′25″EItaly - Fiume Santo 40°50′29″N 8°18′21″E435
(435/0)		50010002011ThyrThe largest HVDC link in the Mediterranean Sea. Supplier: ABB[56][60][61]
Valhall HVDCNorway - Lista 58°04′37″N 6°46′29″ENorway - Valhall, Offshore platform292
(292/0)		150782011IGBTSupplier: ABB, Nexans  [62]
BorWin1Germany - DieleGermany - BorWin Alpha platform200
(200/0)		±1504002012IGBTSupplier: ABB[63][64][65]
East West InterconnectorIreland - Woodland 53°28′16″N 6°34′3″WUK - Shotton, Wales 53°13′38″N 3°4′22″W 130
(130/0)		±2005002012IGBTSupplier: ABB[66]
Fenno-Skan 1 UpgradeFinland - RaumaSweden - Finnböle233
(200/33)		4005002013ThyrUpgrade

Supplier:ABB

 [67][68][69]
Estlink 2Finland - Anttila 60°22′36″N 25°22′01″EEstonia - Püssi 59°22′13″N 27°04′05″E171
(157/14)		4506502014ThyrSupplier: Siemens, Nexans
ÅL-linkFinland - Naantali (sv:Nådendal) 60°27′49″N 22°03′49″EÅland - Ytterby158
(158/0)		801002015IGBTSupplier: ABB[70][71][72]
BorWin2Germany - Diele 53°7′30″N 7°18′29″EGermany - BorWin Beta platform 54°21′18″N 6°01′30″E200
(200/0)		±3008002015IGBTSupplier: Siemens[73]
DolWin1Germany - Heede 52°58′57″N 7°15′26″EGermany - DolWin Alpha platform 53°59′42″N 6°25′16″E165
(165/0)		±3208002015IGBTSupplier:ABB[74]
HelWin1Germany - Büttel 53°55′01″N 9°13′55″EGermany - HelWin Alpha platform 54°27′07″N 7°44′20″E130
(130/0)		±2505762015IGBTSupplier: Siemens[75]
HelWin2Germany - Büttel 53°55′01″N 9°13′55″EGermany - HelWin Beta platform 54°27′11″N 7°44′20″E130
(130/0)		±3206902015IGBTSupplier: Siemens
INELFEFrance - Baixas 42°43′56″N 2°48′14″ESpain - Santa Llogaia 42°13′59″N 2°56′39″E64
(64/0)		±32020002015IGBTSupplier: Siemens, Cables: Prysmian. €700m, 8 km tunnel near HSR[76]

[77][78][79]

LitPol Link HVDC is B2BLithuania - AlytusPoland - Elk160
(0/160)		7050020152[80]ThyrSupplier: ABB[81][82][83]
NordBaltSweden - Nybro 56°46′4″N 15°51′15″ELithuania - Klaipėda 55°40′54″N 21°15′24″E450
(450/0)		3007002015IGBTSupplier: ABB[84]
Skagerrak 4Denmark - Tjele 56°28′44″N 9°34′1″ENorway - Kristiansand 58°15′36″N 7°53′55″E244
(244/0)		5007002015IGBTSuppliers: Nexans, ABB[85]
SylWin1Germany - Büttel 53°55′01″N 9°13′55″EGermany - SylWin Alpha platform 55°03′47″N 7°14′28″E205
(205/0)		±3208642015IGBTSupplier: Siemens[86]
Troll A 3&4Norway - KollsnesNorway - Troll A 3&4 platform70
(70/0)		661002015IGBTSupplier: ABB[87][88][89][90][91][92]
DolWin2Germany - Heede 52°58′52″N 7°15′26″EGermany - DolWin Beta platform 53°58′41″N 6°55′23″E135
(135/0)		±3209002016IGBTSupplier: ABB[93]
SydVästlänkenSweden - Barkeryd 57°44′52″N 14°39′19″ESweden - Hurva 55°49′59″N 13°36′08″E260
(197/63)		±3002x7202021IGBTSupplier: Alstom
DolWin3Germany - Heede 52°58′57″N 7°15′26″EGermany - DolWin Gamma platform 53°59′42″N 6°25′16″E160
(160/0)		±3209002017IGBTSupplier: Alstom[94]
HVDC MON.ITA ProjectItaly-Cepagatti 42°23′41″N 14°07′30″EMontenegro - Lastva Grbaljska 42°19′03″N 18°47′41″E415
(415/0)		±50010002019ThyrSupplier: Toshiba (converter stations); Nexans (cables).[95][96][97]
Western HVDC LinkUK - Hunterston 55°43′16″N 4°53′7″W UK - Flintshire Bridge 53°13′54″N 3°1′58″W422
(422/0)		60022002017-18ThyrSupplier: Prysmian Group, Siemens
First subsea 600kV link		[98][99]
Caithness - Moray Link3UK - Spittal 58°28′47″N 3°27′08″WUK - Blackhillock 57°31′24″N 2°56′55″W16032012002018IGBTSupplier: ABB[100][101]
BorWin3Germany - DieleGermany - BorWin Gamma platform200
(200/0)		±3209002019IGBTSupplier: Siemens
COBRAcableDenmark - Endrup via Fanø 55°31′49″N 8°42′13″ENetherlands - Eemshaven 53°26′07″N 6°52′02″E325±32070020194IGBTSuppliers: Siemens, Prysmian, Cost € 449m[102][103][104][105][106]
ElecLinkFrance - Les MandarinsUK - Sellindge7032010002022IGBTIn the Channel Tunnel
Cost €580m		[107][108]
Johan Sverdrup Phase 1Norway - HaugsnesetNorway - Johan Sverdrup platform200
(200/0)		±801002019IGBTSupplier: ABB, NKT[109]
DolWin5Germany - Emden/OstGermany - DolWin Epsilon platform130
(130/0)		±3209002024IGBTSupplier: ABB, Aibel, Prysmian[110]
DolWin6Germany - Emden/OstGermany - DolWin Zetaplatform90
(90/0)		±3209002023IGBTSupplier: Siemens, Prysmian[111]
France-Italy via Fréjus Road TunnelFrance, Grand-ÎleItaly, Piossasco190±3202x6002019IGBTSupplier: Alstom (converter stations); Prysmian (cables).[112][113][114][115]
Nemo LinkBelgium - near BrugesUK - Richborough Energy Park140
(140/0)		40010002019IGBT Converter stations: Siemens , cables: J-power systems[116] [117][118]
ALEGrOBelgium - ViséGermany - Oberzier100
(100/0)		320100020205IGBT Converter stations: Siemens

Cables: General Cable

 [119][120][121]

[122]

[123]

IFA-2France - Tourbe, NormandieUK - Chilling, Hampshire20432010002021IGBTSupplier: ABB[124][125][126][127]
NORD.LINKNorway - Tonstad 58°40′07″N 6°45′16″EGermany - Wilster 53°55′18″N 9°20′41″E623
(570/53)		52514002021IGBTSupplier: ABB[128]
North Sea LinkNorway - KvilldalUK - Blyth730
(730/0)		51514002021IGBT Supplier: ABB, Prysmian Group, Nexans, MACH 3 Control & Protection [129][130][131][132]
Johan Sverdrup Phase 2Norway - HaugsnesetNorway - Johan Sverdrup platform200
(200/0)		±802002022IGBTSupplier: Siemens, NKT[109]
FAB LinkFrance - Menuel on Cherbourg PeninsulaUK - Exeter via Alderney210
(210/0)		32014002025IGBT[133][134]
Shetland HVDC ConnectionUK - Upper Kergord 60°17′35″N 1°16′15″WUK - near Staxigoe 58°27′50″N 3°4′52″W [135]260
(260/0)		32060020246IGBT[136][137]
Western Isles HVDC connectionUK - Arnish Point near StornowayUK - Beauly15632060020217[138]
EuroAsia InterconnectorIsrael - Hadera, via Cyprus - KofinouGreece - Korakia, Crete120850020002027[139][140]
Viking LinkDenmark - RevsingUK - Bicker Fen74052514002023IGBTSuppliers: Siemens, Prysmian and NKT[141][142]
EuroAfrica InterconnectorEgypt - Damietta - via Cyprus - KofinouGreece - Korakia, Crete139650020002027[143][144][145][146]
Eastern HVDC LinkUK - PeterheadUK - Hawthorn30540020002024[147]
Celtic Interconnector Ireland France 575 500 700 2026 [148]
Dogger Bank AUK - Creyke Beck 53°48′33″N 0°25′1″WUK - Dogger Bank A platform207
(207/0)		32012002024IGBTSuppliers: ABB, Aibel and NKT, 172 km submarine cable and 35 km underground cable[149][150]
Dogger Bank BUK - Creyke Beck 53°48′33″N 0°25′1″WUK - Dogger Bank B platform207
(207/0)		32012002024IGBTSuppliers: ABB, Aibel and NKT, 172 km submarine cable and 35 km underground cable[149][150]
Greenlink Ireland – County Wexford UK – Pembrokeshire, Wales 200 320 500 2024
SüdOstLink Germany – Wolmirstedt Germany – Landshut 500 525 2000 2025 [151]
SuedLink DC3 Germany - Brunsbuettel

53°53'47.4"N 9°11'47.6"E

 Germany - Grossgartach

49°08'36.2"N 9°09'03.9"E

 700 ±525 2000 2027 IGBT Suppliers: VSC substations: Siemens Energy, DC cable: nkt

Common project of Tennet TSO and Transnet BW

highlight: first 525kV fully underground DC cable project
SuedLink DC4 Germany - Wilster

53°55'14.3"N 9°20'34.8"E

 Germany - Bergrheinfeld

49°59'22.4"N 10°09'02.9"E

 550 ±525 2000 2027 IGBT Supplier substations: tbd

dc cable: Prysmian Common project of TenneT TSO and Transnet BW

highlight: first 525kV fully underground DC cable project
NeuConnect Germany - Wilhelmshaven UK - Isle of Grain 725 ±525 1400 2028
Estlink 3 Finland Estonia 700–1000 2035

2 As of 9 December 2015, LitPol Link started trial operations.[152]
3 Caithness Moray HVDC serves a number of renewable energy sources in the north of Scotland - see map[138]
4 Contracts due to be placed in 2016.
5 Elia says construction expected to start in late 2017.
6 Date is that quoted to support the Shetland Wind Farm that SSE is a part investor in.[153]
7 Decision on project expected in 2017 following consultation - see SSE PD reference.

North America
Name
Converter
station 1
Converter
station 2
Total Length (Cable/Pole)
(km)
Nominal
Voltage
(kV)
Power (MW)
Year
Type
Remarks
Ref
HVDC Mechanicville–SchenectadyUSA - Mechanicville,NY
42°54′45″N 73°40′49″W		USA - Schenectady, NY37
(0/37)		1251932MercExperimental, frequency conversion 40 to 60 Hz

Dismantled after WW II

 [154]
Vancouver Island 1Canada - Delta, BC
49°5′31″N 123°2′31″W		Canada - North Cowichan, BC
48°49′39″N 123°42′55″W		75
(42/33)		2603121968 - 2014MercSupplier: ASEA[1]
Pacific DC IntertieUSA - Celilo, OR
45°35′39″N 121°6′51″W		USA - Sylmar, CA 34°18′39″N 118°29′21″W,
34°18′42″N 118°28′53″W		1362
(0/1362)		±50031001970ThyrTransmission voltage ±400 kV until 1984
Maximum transmission power 1440 MW until 1982
From 1982 to 1984 1600 MW
From 1984 to 1989 2000 MW
Merc replaced by Thyr in 2004
Original supplier: ASEA, General Electric
In 1989 upgraded by ABB
In 2004 upgraded by ABB and Siemens		[1][155][156]
Nelson River Bipole 1Canada - Gillam, Manitoba
56°21′41″N 94°36′48″W		Canada - Rosser, Manitoba
49°59′39″N 97°25′39″W		895
(0/895)		463.518541971ThyrUsed the largest mercury arc rectifiers ever built
Original supplier: English Electric.
In 1992/1993, Pole 1 upgraded to Thyr by Alstom.
In 2004, Pole 2 upgraded to Thyr by Siemens.		[1][157]
Vancouver Island 2Canada - Delta, BC
49°5′31″N 123°2′31″W		Canada - North Cowichan, BC
48°49′39″N 123°42′55″W		75
(33/42)		2803701977 - 2016ThyrSupplier: General Electric[1]
Square ButteUSA - Center, ND (Young)
47°4′18″N 101°11′45″W		USA - Adolph, MN (Arrowhead)
46°46′25″N 92°17′39″W		749
(0/749)		2505001977ThyrSupplier: General Electric In 2004 Control system upgrade by ABB[1][158][159]
Nelson River Bipole 2Canada - Sundance, Manitoba
56°30′14″N 94°8′24″W		Canada - Rosser, Manitoba
49°59′39″N 97°25′49″W		940
(0/940)		50020001978-1985ThyrSupplier: Siemens[1][157]
CUUSA - Underwood, ND
(Coal Creek)
47°22′24″N 101°9′23″W		USA - Rockford, MN
(Dickinson)
45°6′40″N 93°48′36″W		687
(0/687)		40010001979ThyrSupplier: ABB In 2004, control system upgrade by ABB[1][160]
Path 27USA - Intermountain, UT
39°30′2″N 112°34′51″W		USA - Adelanto, CA
34°33′4″N 117°26′14″W		785
(0/785)		±50019201986Thyr 
Quebec - New England TransmissionCanada - Radisson, Quebec
OpenStreetMap
53°43′33″N 77°44′17″W		Canada - Nicolet, QC
46°04′47″N 72°14′58″W;
USA - Ayer, MA
42°34′13″N 71°31′27″W		1105
(5/1100)		45022501991Thyr3 terminals
Converter stations near Windsor, Quebec and Monroe, New Hampshire were decommissioned in 2007.

Supplier: ABB

 [1]
Cross Sound CableUSA - New Haven, Connecticut
41°17′12″N 72°54′8″W		USA - Shoreham, New York
40°57′33″N 72°52′3″W		40
(40/0)		1503302002IGBTBuried underwater cable
Supplier: ABB		 [161]
Neptune CableUSA - Long Island (Hicksville) NY
40°45′38″N 73°33′4″W		USA -Sayreville, NJ
40°28′25.38″N 74°21′11.1″W		105
(105/0)		5006602007ThyrSupplier: Siemens[162]
Trans Bay CableUSA - Pittsburg, California
38°01′51″N 121°53′48″W		USA - San Francisco, CA
37°45′17″N 122°23′09″W		85
(85/0)		2004002010IGBTFirst HVDC system using Modular Multi-Level Converter

Supplier: Siemens, Pirelli

[163][164][165]
Eastern Alberta Transmission LineCanada – Newell, AB 50°30′41″N 112°01′02″WCanada – Heathfield, AB 53°51′28″N 113°13′52″W485 (0/485)50010002015/2016ThyrSupplier: Siemens[166]
Western Alberta Transmission LineCanada – Genesee, AB 53°21′13″N 114°18′33″WCanada – Langdon, AB 50°57′37″N 113°43′11″W350 (0/350)50010002015ThyrSupplier: Siemens[166][167]
Nelson River Bipole 3Canada - Keewatinohk, Manitoba
56°39′25″N 93°51′14″W		Canada - Riel, Manitoba
49°51′59″N 96°56′24″W		1324
(0/1324)		50020002018ThyrSupplier: Siemens[1][157]
Labrador-Island LinkCanada - Muskrat Falls, NLCanada - Soldiers Pond, NL1135
(35/1100)		3509002017ThyrDrilling for cable landfall began in 2014.
Supplier: Alstom Grid		[168][169]
Maritime LinkCanada - Bottom Brook, NL 48°31′52″N 58°15′39″WCanada - Woodbine, NS
45°59′30″N 60°16′26″W		360
(170/190)		2005002017IGBTRight-of-way clearing began in 2014.
Supplier: ABB		[170][171][172][173]
New England Clean Power LinkUSA - Alburgh, VTUSA - Ludlow, VT248
(248/0)		3201000 ?[174][175][176]
Îles-de-la-Madeleine Cable ConnectionCanada - Percé, QCCanada - Cap-aux-Meules, QC225 (225/0) ?802025Buried undersea and underground[177]
TransWest ExpressUSA – Sinclair, WYUSA – Boulder City, NV1165
(0/1165)		60030002027Ground breaking in 2023[178][179][180]
Grain Belt Express USA - Ford County, KS USA - Sullivan County, IN 750

(0/750)

 600 5000 ? [181]
SOO GreenUSA - Mason City, IowaUSA - Plano, Illinois56352521002023Buried along railroad right-of-way
Supplier: Siemens		[182]
Clean Path NYUSA - Upstate New YorkUSA - New York City2801300 ?[183]
Champlain Hudson Power Express Canada–New York borderUSA - New York City54512502025[184]
New England Clean Energy ConnectUSA - Beattie Twp, MEUSA - Lewiston, ME31412002024[185]
SunZia Transmission USA – Torrance County, NM USA – Pinal County, AZ 880 525 3000 2026 Project combined with 3,500 MW wind project [186]

South America
Name
Converter
station 1
Converter
station 2
Total Length (Cable/Pole)
(km)
Nominal
Voltage
(kV)
Power (MW)
Year
Type
Remarks
Ref
Itaipu 1Brazil - Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná
25°27′58″S 54°32′33″W		Brazil - São Roque, São Paulo
23°40′2″S 47°6′19″W		785
(0/785)		60031501984ThyrSupplier: ABB [1]
Itaipu 2Brazil - Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná
25°27′58″S 54°32′33″W		Brazil - São Roque, São Paulo
23°40′2″S 47°6′19″W		805
(0/805)		60031501987ThyrSupplier: ABB [1]
Rio MadeiraBrazil, Porto Velho
08°54′53″S 63°57′27″W		Brazil, Araraquara
21°49′59″S 48°20′52″W		2375
(0/2375)		60071002013ThyrThe longest transmission link in the world
Suppliers: ABB, Alstom		 [187]
Xingu-Estreito (aka, Belo Monte 1) Brazil - Anapu, ParáBrazil - Ibiraci, Minas Gerais2077 (0/2077)80040002017ThyrSupplier: SIEMENS[188]
Xingu-Rio (aka, Belo Monte 2) Brazil - Pará Brazil - Rio de Janeiro 2550 800 4000 2019 Thyr Supplier: NARI/XD/CET [188]

Back to back
Name
Location
Nominal
Voltage
(kV)
Power (MW)
Year
Type
Remarks
Ref
Carnegie Steel Company B2BUSA - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ? ? ?Mercbuilt for an interconnection between 60 Hz-utility system and a 25 Hz System, dismantled[189]
Sakuma B2BJapan - Sakuma
35°04′57″N 137°47′56″E		1253001965Mercreplaced in 1993 by new converter using light-triggered thyristors
Eel River B2BCanada - Eel River, NB
48°01′05″N 66°26′39″W		803201972Thyrlife extension project 2014 [190][191]


David A. Hamil B2BUSA - Stegall, Nebraska
41°49′15″N 103°56′32″W		±501001977ThyrSupplier: GE 
Shin Shinano B2BJapan - Shin Shinano
36°08′14″N 137°52′58″E		1256001977ThyrSupplier: Toshiba, Hitachi
Acaray B2BParaguay - Ciudad de Este
25°27′26″S 54°37′26″W		25.6501981Thyr 
Vyborg B2BRussia - Vyborg
60°40′49″N 28°55′7″E		±8510651982Thyrextended up to 1420 MW in 2001
Dürnrohr B2BAustria - Dürnrohr
48°19′46″N 15°52′48″E		1455501983Thyrshut down in October 1996, dismantled in 2007
Artesia, New Mexico (Eddy County HVDC B2B) B2BUSA - Artesia, NM
32°48′51.7″N 104°14′29.6″W		822001983Thyr 
Chateauguay B2BCanada – Châteauguay, QC
45°15′11″N 73°52′11″W		14010001984Thyr Control system upgrade by ABB in 2009[192][193]
Oklaunion B2BUSA - Oklaunion, TX
34°5′6″N 99°11′1″W		822001984ThyrABB replacement in 2014[194][195]

 

Blackwater, New Mexico B2BUSA - Blackwater, NM
34°18′3″N 103°10′27″W		572001984Thyr Valve cooling and control systems upgrade by ABB in 2009[196][197]
Madawaska, Quebec B2BCanada - Dégelis, QC
47°30′31″N 68°31′25″W		1403501985Thyr 
Miles City, Montana B2BUSA - Miles City, MT
46°24′31″N 105°47′36″W		822001985Thyr 
Highgate, VT B2BUSA - Highgate, VT
44°56′17″N 73°3′15″W		562001985ThyrRefurbishment by ABB in 2012,[198] 
Uruguaiana B2BBrazil - Uruguaiana
29°48′22″S 57°0′17″W		17.9 53.91986Thyr 
Broken Hill B2BAustralia - Broken Hill
31°59′10″S 141°25′9″E		8.33401986Thyr 
Virginia Smith B2BUSA - Sidney, NE
41°9′51″N 102°59′15″W		502001988Thyr [199]
Vindhyachal B2BIndia - Vindhyachal
24°05′38″N 82°40′44″E		1765001989Thyr 
McNeill B2BCanada - Mc Neill, AB
50°35′56″N 110°01′25″W		421501989ThyrSupplier: Alstom
Wolmirstedt B2BGermany - Wolmirstedt
52°16′21″N 11°38′10″E		160600(1992)Thyrconstruction work was stopped after reunification, static inverter hall is today part of a recycling yard
Etzenricht B2BGermany - Etzenricht
49°37′52″N 12°6′56″E		1606001993Thyrshut down in October 1995, dismantled in 2009
Vienna-Southeast B2BAustria - Vienna
48°7′22″N 16°25′6″E		1426001993Thyrshut down in October 1996, dismantled in 2007
Chandrapur B2BIndia - Chandrapur
20°5′21″N 79°8′36″E		2052x5001998ThyrSupplier: Alstom
Welsh HVDC Converter Station B2BUSA - Titus County, TX
33°03′30.3″N 94°50′36.54″W		1626001998Thyr 
Garabi HVDCBrazil - Garabi
28°15′19″S 55°40′18″W		±7022001999ThyrBrazil-Argentina Interconnection. Supplier: ABB In 2002, the second phase 'Garabi 2' was supplied by ABB .[200]
Vizag 1India - Visakhapatnam Gazuwaka
17°38′33″N 83°7′57″E		2055001999ThyrSupplier: Alstom
Minami-Fukumitsu B2BJapan - Minami - Fukumitsu
36°29′46″N 136°54′57″E		1253001999Thyr 
Rivera B2BUruguay - Rivera
30°56′29″S 55°33′34″W		22702000ThyrSupplier: Alstom
Eagle Pass, Texas B2BUSA - Eagle Pass, TX
28°42′58.8″N 100°29′26.88″W		15.9362000IGBT 
Sasaram B2BIndia - Sasaram
25°07′42″N 83°42′29″E		2055002003ThyrSupplier: Alstom
Rapid City DC Tie B2BUSA - Rapid City, SD
44°00′37″N 103°9′54″W		132002003Thyr[201][202]
Vizag 2India - Visakhapatnam
17°38′26″N 83°8′10″E		1765002005Thyr  Installed at Gazuwaka. Supplier:ABB. This is similar in specs to Vizag I and connects the Eastern and Southern grids.[203]
Lingbao B2BChina - Lingbao
34°32′56″N 110°50′49″E		1683602005Thyr Supplier: NR(Protection&Control), Extension project 2010:  Supplier: ABB;C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co.,Ltd[204][205]
Lamar Co., Colorado B2BUSA - Lamar, CO
38°12′25.08″N 102°31′43.92″W		63.62102005ThyrSupplier: Siemens; Combination of B2B HVDC & Grid Power Flow Controller (GPFC)[206]
Higashi-Shimuzu B2BJapan - Shimuzu
35°03′24″N 138°29′58″E		1253002006Thyr 
Sharyland B2BUSA - Mission, TX
26°10′01″N 98°19′25″W		211502007Thyr 
Al Fadhili B2BSaudi Arabia - Al Fadhili
26°53′52″N 49°20′47″E		2223x6002008ThyrUsed mainly for Dynamic Reserve Power Sharing rather than economic energy transfer. Supplier: Alstom[207]
Outaouais B2BCanada - Buckingham, QC
45°36′01″N 75°26′47″W		3152x6252009Thyr  Expected completion 2009. Supplier:ABB[56]
Heihe B2BChina - Heihe
50°15′19″N 127°25′37″E		±1257502011Thyr Supplier: NR(Protection&Control)[208]
Gaoling B2BChina - Gaoling
40°10′49″N 120°00′22″E		±50015002008Thyr
Shandong - East B2BChina12002011Thyr
Melo B2BUruguay - Melo
32°25′02″S 54°05′34″W		±795002011ThyrSupplier:Alstom
North - Central B2BChina10002012Thyr
Rio Madeira B2BBrazil – Porto Velho
8°54′46″S 63°57′27″W		1006002013ThyrSupplier: ABB[209][210][211][212][213]
Ridgefield B2B ( Hudson Project)USA - Ridgefield, NJ
40°49′56″N 74°00′44″W		1856602013ThyrSupplier: Siemens[214]
Bheramara B2BBangladesh – Bheramara 24°04′03″N 89°0′04″E1585002013Thyr
Akhaltsikhe B2BGeorgia - Akhaltsikhe
41°42′26″N 43°06′35″E		967002013ThyrSupplier: Siemens[215]
Mackinac B2BUSA - Saint Ignace, MI
45°51′31″N 84°44′18″W		702002014IGBTSupplier: ABB[216]
Railroad DC TieUSA - Mission, TX
26°10′01″N 98°19′25″W		211502014Thyr 
Alytus B2BLithuania - Alytus
54°26′19″N 23°58′02″E		±705002015Thyr[217]
Mogocha B2BRussia - Mogocha
53°43′30″N 119°47′22″E		±322x1002017IGBT [218]
Yu - E B2BChina-Chongqing, China-Hubei±4204x12502017VSC-HVDCSupplier: XJ Group Corporation(2x1250MW), C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co.,Ltd(1x1250MW), Rongxin Power Electronic Co.,Ltd. (1x1250MW)
Khani B2BRussia - Khani
56°55′09″N 119°59′24″E		±322x1002019IGBT [218]
Van B2BTurkiye - İran
38°58′37″N 43°31′58″E		4206002021IGBTSupplier:NR-TEIAS 
Bentwisch B2BGermany - Bentwisch
54°06′04″N 12°12′56″E		±1404102019IGBT 
Tres Amigas SuperStationUSA - Clovis, NM ?5000 ?IGBT

Maps

Europe
  Existing
  Under construction
  Options under consideration
Medium to large HVDC interconnections in western Europe as of 2023.
  1. Shetland HVDC Connection
  2. Caithness Moray HVDC
  3. Western Isles HVDC connection
  4. NorthConnect
  5. North Sea Link: Kvilldal, Norway – Blyth, UK
  6. Eastern HVDC Link
  7. Moyle: Auchencrosh, UK – Ballycronan More, Northern Ireland, UK
  8. Western HVDC Link
  9. East–West Interconnector: Leinster, Ireland – Shotton, Wales, UK
  10. Celtic Interconnector
  11. FAB Link
  12. IFA-2
  13. HVDC Cross-Channel: Les Mandarins, France – Sellindge, UK
  14. Nemo Link
  15. BritNed: UK – Netherlands
  16. Aachen Liège Electricity Grid Overlay (ALEGrO)[219]
  17. Viking Link
  18. HVDC DolWin1, HVDC DolWin2, HVDC DolWin3
  19. HVDC SylWin1
  20. HVDC HelWin1, HVDC HelWin2
  21. HVDC BorWin1, HVDC BorWin2, HVDC BorWin3
  22. NorNed: Feda, Norway – Eemshaven, Netherlands
  23. NORD.LINK: Germany – Norway
  24. Skagerrak 1, 2, 3, and 4: Tjele, Denmark – Kristiansand, Norway
  25. Konti-Skan 1 and 2: VesterHassing, Denmark – Stenkullen, Sweden
  26. StoreBælt: Fyn, Denmark – Zealand, Denmark
  27. Baltic Cable: Lübeck- Herrenwyk, Germany – Kruseberg, Sweden
  28. Kontek: Bjæverskov, Denmark – Bentwisch, Germany
  29. SydVästlänken
  30. SwePol: Stärnö, Sweden – Wierzbięcin (Słupsk), Poland
  31. LitPol Link
  32. NordBalt
  33. HVDC Visby–Näs
  34. Gotland: Västervik, Sweden – Ygne, Sweden
  35. Fenno-Skan: Rauma, Finland – Dannebo, Sweden, Fenno-Skan 2
  36. ÅL-link
  37. Estlink: Harku, Estonia – Espoo, Finland
  38. Estlink 2
  39. Cometa: Valencia, Spain – Mallorca, Spain
  40. INELFE Baixas - Santa Llogaia[220]
  41. HVDC Italy–Corsica–Sardinia: "SACOI" – Codrongianos, Sardinia, Italy – Lucciana, Corsica, France – Suvereto, Italy (mainland)
  42. SAPEI, Sardinia – Italian mainland
  43. HVDC MON.ITA Project
  44. HVDC Italy-Greece: Arachthos, Greece – Galatina, Italy
  45. EuroAsia Interconnector
  46. EuroAfrica Interconnector
  47. Greenlink
  48. France-Italy via Fréjus Road Tunnel
  49. ElecLink: via Channel Tunnel
  50. INELFE Biscay Gulf[221]
  51. NeuConnect: Isle of Grain, UK – Wilhelmshaven, Germany


See also

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Sources
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