Maricopa County, Arizona

Maricopa County is in the south-central part of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census the population was 4,420,568,[1] or about 62% of the state's total, making it the fourth-most populous county in the United States and the most populous county in Arizona, and making Arizona one of the nation's most centralized states. The county seat is Phoenix,[2] the state capital and fifth-most populous city in the United States.

Not to be confused with Maricopa, Arizona.

Maricopa County
County
The Maricopa County Courthouse and Old Phoenix City Hall, also known as the County-City Administration Building, in 2013
The Maricopa County Courthouse and Old Phoenix City Hall, also known as the County-City Administration Building, in 2013
Flag of Maricopa County
Flag
Official seal of Maricopa County
Seal
Map of Arizona highlighting Maricopa County
Location within the U.S. state of Arizona
Map of the United States highlighting Arizona
Arizona's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 33°30′50″N 112°28′33″W
Country United States
State Arizona
FoundedFebruary 14, 1871
Named forMaricopa people
SeatPhoenix
Largest cityPhoenix
Area
 • Total9,224 sq mi (23,890 km2)
 • Land9,200 sq mi (24,000 km2)
 • Water24 sq mi (60 km2)  0.3%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total4,420,568
 • Estimate 
(2021)
4,496,588 Increase
 • Density480/sq mi (190/km2)
Time zoneUTC−7 (Mountain)
Congressional districts1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 7th, 8th, 9th
Websitewww.maricopa.gov

Maricopa County is the central county of the Phoenix–Mesa–Chandler Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Office of Management and Budget renamed the metropolitan area in September 2018. Previously, it was the Phoenix–Mesa–Glendale metropolitan area, and in 2000, that was changed to Phoenix–Mesa–Scottsdale.

Maricopa County was named after the Maricopa Native Americans.[3] Five Native American Reservations are located in the county.[4] The largest are the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community (east of Scottsdale) and the Gila River Indian Community (south of Chandler).

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 9,224 sq mi (23,890 km2), of which 24 sq mi (62 km2) (0.3%) is covered by water.[5] Maricopa County is one of the largest counties in the United States by area, with a land area greater than that of four other US states. From west to east, it stretches 132 miles (212 km), and 103 miles (166 km) from north to south.[6] It is by far Arizona's most populous county, encompassing well over half of the state's residents. It is the largest county in the United States to have a capital city.

Adjacent counties

National protected areas

Regional parks

Maricopa County has 14 regional parks:

It also has at least 21 protected areas:

Flora and fauna

From 2009 to 2011, an inventory of all vascular plants growing along the Salt River (Arizona), Gila River, New River and Agua Fria River and their tributaries in the Phoenix metropolitan area was done.[7] In October 2022, Maricopa County Environmental Services Department detected Dengue virus in mosquitoes they had trapped; in November the first locally transmitted case of dengue fever was reported in the County and Arizona state as a whole - previous dengue cases in Maricopa County had been related to travel.[8]

Demographics
Median Household Income in 2015 across metro Phoenix; the darker the green, the higher the income[9]
Percent of people living in poverty across metro Phoenix in 2016; the darker the red, the higher the concentration of poverty[10]
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18805,689—
189010,98693.1%
190020,45786.2%
191034,48868.6%
192089,576159.7%
1930150,97068.5%
1940186,19323.3%
1950331,77078.2%
1960663,510100.0%
1970971,22846.4%
19801,509,17555.4%
19902,122,10140.6%
20003,072,14944.8%
20103,817,11724.2%
20204,420,56815.8%
2022 (est.)4,551,524[11]3.0%
U.S. Decennial Census[12]
1790–1960[13] 1900–1990[14]
1990–2000[15] 2010–2020[1]

Racial and ethnic composition since 1960
Racial composition 2020[16]2010[16][17]2000[17]1990[17]1980[17]1970[17]1960[17]
White 59.8%73.0%77.3%84.7%86.6%94.8%94.5%
—Non-Hispanic 53.3%58.7%66.2%77.1%81.1%--
Black or African American 5.9%5.0%3.7%3.4%3.1%3.3%3.7%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 30.6%29.6%24.8%16.2%13.1%14.5%-
Asian 4.6%3.5%2.1%1.7%--0.3%
Native American 2.3%2.1%1.8%1.7%--1.2%
Pacific Islander 0.2%0.2%0.1%----
Mixed Race 13.6%2.4%2.9%----

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, 3,072,149 people, 1,132,886 households, and 763,565 families were living in the county. The population density was 334 people/sq mi (129 people/km2). The 1,250,231 housing units averaged of 136 per square mile (53/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 77.4% White, 3.7% African American, 1.9% Native American, 2.2% Asian, 12.0% from other races, and 2.9% from two or more races. About 29.5% of the population were Hispanics or Latinos of any race. About 19.1% reported speaking Spanish at home.[18]

Ethnic origins in Maricopa County

Of the 1,132,886 households, 33.0% had children under 18 living with them, 51.6% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.6% were not families. About 24.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.67, and the average family size was 3.21.

The age distribution in the county was 27.0% under 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 31.4% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.10 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $45,358, and for a family was $51,827. Males had a median income of $36,858 versus $28,703 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,251. About 8.0% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.4% of those under age 18 and 7.4% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

As of the 2010 census, 3,817,117 people, 1,411,583 households, and 932,814 families were living in the county.[19] The population density was 414.9/sq mi (160.2/km2). The 1,639,279 housing units averaged 178.2/sq mi (68.8/km2).[20] The racial makeup of the county was 73.0% white (58.7% non-Hispanic white), 5.0% African American, 3.5% Asian, 2.1% American Indian, 0.2% Pacific islander, 12.8% from other races, and 3.5% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 29.6% of the population.[19] The largest ancestry groups were:[21]

Of the 1,411,583 households, 35.1% had children under 18 living with them, 47.8% were married couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 33.9% were not families, and 25.9% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.25. The median age was 34.6 years.[19]

The median income for a household in the county was $55,054 and the median income for a family was $65,438. Males had a median income of $45,799 versus $37,601 for females. The per capita income for the county was $27,816. About 10.0% of families and 13.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.8% of those under age 18 and 7.0% of those age 65 or over.[22]

According to data provided by the United States Census Bureau in October 2015 and collected from 2009 to 2013, 73.7% of the population aged five years and over spoke only English at home, while 20.3% spoke Spanish, 0.6% spoke Chinese, 0.5% Vietnamese, 0.4% Tagalog, 0.4% Arabic, 0.4% German, 0.3% French, 0.3% Navajo, 0.2% Korean, 0.2% Hindi, 0.2% Italian, 0.1% Persian, 0.1% Russian, 0.1% Serbo-Croatian, 0.1% Telugu, 0.1% Polish, 0.1% Syriac, 0.1% Japanese, 0.1% spoke Romanian, and 0.1% spoke other Native North American languages at home.[23]

Religion

In 2010 statistics, the largest religious group in Maricopa County were Roman Catholics, who are organized under the Catholic Diocese of Phoenix. There are 519,950 Catholics and 99 parishes. This is followed by 242,732 LDS Mormons with 503 congregations, 213,640 non-denominational adherents with 309 congregations, 93,252 Assembly of God Pentecostals with 120 congregations, 73,207 Southern Baptists with 149 congregations, 35,804 Christian churches and churches of Christ Christians with 29 congregations, 30,014 Evangelical Lutherans with 47 congregations, 28,634 UMC Methodists with 55 congregations, 18,408 Missouri Synod Lutherans with 34 congregations, and 15,001 Presbyterians with 42 congregations. Altogether, 39.1% of the population was claimed as members by religious congregations, although members of historically African-American denominations were underrepresented due to incomplete information.[24] In 2014, the county had 1,177 religious organizations, the fifth most out of all US counties.[25]

Government, policing, and politics

Government

The governing body of Maricopa County is its board of supervisors. The Maricopa County Board of Supervisors consists of five members chosen by popular vote within their own districts. As of 2023 the board consists of four Republicans and one Democrat. Each member serves a four-year term, with no term limits.

Maricopa County sheriff

The Maricopa County Sheriff's Office provides court protection, administers the county jail, and patrols the unincorporated areas of the county plus incorporated towns by contract.

Politics

For much of the time after World War II, Maricopa County was one of the more conservative urban counties in the United States. While the city of Phoenix has been evenly split between the two major parties, most of the rest of the county was strongly Republican. Until 2020, every Republican presidential candidate since 1952 had carried Maricopa County. This includes the 1964 presidential run of native son Barry Goldwater, who would not have carried his own state had it not been for a 21,000-vote margin in Maricopa County. Until 2020, it was the largest county in the country to vote Republican. From 1968 to 2016, Democrats held the margin within single digits only three times–in 1992, 1996, and 2016. In 2020, Joe Biden became the first Democrat in 72 years to win the county, which flipped Arizona to the Democratic column for the first time since 1996 and only the second time since 1948.[26] Furthermore, Biden became the first presidential candidate to win more than one million votes in the county. This makes Maricopa County the third county in American history to cast more than one million votes for a presidential candidate. The county is also a statewide bellwether, voting for the statewide winning candidate in all elections except 1996.

Despite its consistent Republican allegiance since 1952, its fast-growing Hispanic population and influx of conservative retirees and Mormons, which were traditionally conservative voting blocs but were increasingly skeptical of President Donald Trump, signaled that it was a crucial bellwether in the 2020 election.[27]

Voter Registration as of April 2023[28]
Party Number of voters Percentage
Other/Independents 867,596 35.12%
Republican 851,047 34.40%
Democratic 734,583 29.69%
Libertarian Party 20,784 0.84%
Total 2,474,010 100.00%
United States presidential election results for Maricopa County, Arizona[29]
Year Republican Democratic Third party
No. %No. %No. %
2020 995,665 47.96% 1,040,774 50.13% 39,647 1.91%
2016 747,361 47.67% 702,907 44.83% 117,566 7.50%
2012 749,885 54.30% 602,288 43.61% 28,786 2.08%
2008 746,448 54.43% 602,166 43.91% 22,756 1.66%
2004 679,455 56.86% 504,849 42.25% 10,657 0.89%
2000 479,967 53.23% 386,683 42.88% 35,049 3.89%
1996 386,015 47.22% 363,991 44.53% 67,426 8.25%
1992 360,049 41.06% 285,457 32.56% 231,326 26.38%
1988 442,337 64.90% 230,952 33.89% 8,229 1.21%
1984 411,902 71.98% 154,833 27.06% 5,538 0.97%
1980 316,287 64.97% 119,752 24.60% 50,795 10.43%
1976 258,262 61.66% 144,613 34.53% 15,966 3.81%
1972 244,593 69.29% 95,135 26.95% 13,272 3.76%
1968 162,262 59.08% 86,204 31.39% 26,185 9.53%
1964 143,114 53.94% 122,042 46.00% 170 0.06%
1960 127,090 59.37% 86,834 40.57% 135 0.06%
1956 92,140 62.96% 54,010 36.91% 191 0.13%
1952 77,249 60.57% 50,285 39.43% 0 0.00%
1948 36,585 46.31% 40,498 51.27% 1,909 2.42%
1944 24,853 43.41% 32,197 56.23% 208 0.36%
1940 22,610 38.93% 35,055 60.36% 414 0.71%
1936 13,671 28.71% 32,031 67.28% 1,908 4.01%
1932 15,086 34.07% 28,601 64.59% 593 1.34%
1928 20,089 62.25% 12,146 37.64% 34 0.11%
1924 10,611 44.66% 9,177 38.63% 3,970 16.71%
1920 11,336 56.23% 8,825 43.77% 0 0.00%
1916 5,747 39.26% 7,634 52.14% 1,259 8.60%
1912 642 11.32% 2,606 45.97% 2,421 42.71%

Despite its political leanings at the time, Maricopa County voted against Proposition 107 in the 2006 election. This referendum, designed to ban gay marriage and restrict domestic partner benefits, was rejected by a 51.6–48.4% margin within the county, and statewide by a similar margin. Two years later, however, a majority of county residents voted to pass a successful state constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage. The amendment was later invalidated by the Supreme Court's 2015 ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges, which declared that same-sex marriage is a fundamental right in the United States.

Unlike cities and towns in Arizona, counties are politically and legally subordinate to the state and do not have charters of their own. The county Board of Supervisors acts under powers delegated by state law, mainly related to minor ordinances and revenue collection. With few exceptions, these powers are narrowly construed.The chairperson of the board presides for a one-year term, selected by the board members during a public hearing.

The county sheriff, county attorney, county assessor, county treasurer, superintendent of schools, county recorder, constables, justices of the peace, and clerk of the Superior Court are elected by the people. Retention of Superior Court judges is also determined by popular vote.

The county's dominant political figure for over two decades (from 1993 to 2017) was Sheriff Joe Arpaio, who called himself "America's Toughest Sheriff" and gained national notoriety for his flamboyant and often controversial practices and policies.[30]

Maricopa County is home to 62 percent of the state's population and therefore dominates Arizona's politics. For example, in the 2018 Senate election, Democrat Kyrsten Sinema carried the county en route to becoming the first Democrat to win a Senate seat in Arizona since 1988.[31] She won the county by over 60,000 votes, more than enough for the victory; she won statewide by 55,900 votes.[32] All but one of the state's nine congressional districts include part of the county, and five of the districts have their population center located there. Most of the state's prominent elected officials live in the county. Further underlining Maricopa County's political dominance, Biden's margin of 45,109 votes was more than enough to carry the state; he only won Arizona by 10,457 votes.

United States Congress
District Name Party First elected [lower-alpha 1] Area(s) represented
United States Senate
Class I Senator Kyrsten Sinema Independent 2018 At Large
Class III Senator Mark Kelly Democratic 2020
United States House of Representatives
1 David Schweikert Republican 2010 Fountain Hills, Paradise Valley, Phoenix, Scottsdale
2 Eli Crane Republican 2022 Gila River Indian Community
3 Ruben Gallego Democratic 2014 Glendale, Phoenix
4 Greg Stanton Democratic 2018 Chandler, Mesa, Phoenix, Tempe
5 Andy Biggs Republican 2016 Chandler, Gilbert, Mesa, Queen Creek
7 Raul Grijalva Democratic 2002 Avondale, Gila Bend, Goodyear, Phoenix
8 Debbie Lesko Republican 2018 Glendale, Peoria, Phoenix, Surprise
9 Paul Gosar Republican 2010 Buckeye, El Mirage, Glendale, Goodyear, Surprise
  1. Due to redistricting in 2012, many of the Representatives listed were first elected to a different district.

The 1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 8th districts are all centered in Maricopa County. The 2nd and 9th are centered in rural Arizona, while the 7th is primarily Tucson-based.

Board of Supervisors
Main article: Maricopa County Board of Supervisors

Elected county officials
Party Office Name First elected Reference
Republican Assessor Eddie Cook 2020† [33]
Republican Clerk of the Superior Court Jeff Fine 2018† [34]
Republican County Attorney Rachel Mitchell 2022† [35]
Republican County Recorder Stephen Richer 2020 [36]
Republican County School Superintendent Steve Watson 2016 [36]
Democratic Sheriff Paul Penzone 2016 [36]
Republican Treasurer John Allen 2020 [36]

†Member was originally appointed to the office.

Education
  • Maricopa County Library District operates the county libraries in Maricopa County.
  • The Maricopa County School Superintendent is charged with the general conduct and supervision of the public school system in Maricopa County. The superintendent is one of six county-wide elected officials, elected by the voters of Maricopa County every four years. Since the inception of the office, there have been thirteen Maricopa County School Superintendents. The incumbent, Steve Watson, took office January 1, 2017.

K-12 schools

School districts with territory in the county (no matter how slight, even if the administration and schools are in other counties) include:[37]

Unified:

Secondary:

Elementary:

There is also a state-operated school, Phoenix Day School for the Deaf.

The Phoenix Indian School was formerly in the county.

Transportation
Further information: Metropolitan Phoenix Freeways

Major highways

Air

The major primary commercial airport of the county is Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (PHX).

Other airports located in the county include:

Rail

In terms of freight rail, the Union Pacific Railroad and the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad serve the county.

In terms of passenger rail, greater Phoenix is served by a light rail system. The county has no other passenger rail transport as Amtrak's Sunset Limited, which served Phoenix until June 2, 1996, has its closest stop in Maricopa in neighboring Pinal County. The train connects Maricopa to Tucson, Los Angeles, and New Orleans three times a week. However, it does not stop in Phoenix itself.

Communities

Cities

Towns

Census-designated places

Unincorporated communities

Ghost towns

Native American communities

County population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Maricopa County.[38][39]

† county seat

Rank City/Town/etc. Population (2020 Census) Population (2021 Estimate) Municipal type Incorporated
1 Phoenix † 1,608,139 1,624,569 City 1881
2 Mesa 504,258 509,475 City 1878 (founded)
3 Chandler 275,987 279,458 City 1920
4 Gilbert 267,918 273,136 Town 1920
5 Glendale 248,325 249,630 City 1910
6 Scottsdale 241,361 242,753 City 1951
7 Peoria (partially in Yavapai County) 190,985 194,917 City 1954
8 Tempe 180,587 184,118 City 1894
9 Surprise 143,148 149,191 City 1960
10 Goodyear 95,294 101,733 City 1946
11 Buckeye 91,502 101,315 City 1929
12 Avondale 89,334 90,564 City 1946
13 Queen Creek (partially in Pinal County) 59,519 66,346 Town 1990
14 Sun City 39,931 -- CDP
15 El Mirage 35,805 36,016 City 1951
16 Sun City West 25,806 -- CDP
17 Fountain Hills 23,820 23,819 Town 1989
18 Anthem 23,190 -- CDP
19 New River 17,290 -- CDP
20 Sun Lakes 14,868 -- CDP
21 Paradise Valley 12,658 12,682 Town 1961
22 Wickenburg 7,474 7,695 Town 1909
23 Tolleson 7,216 7,295 City 1929
24 Youngtown 7,056 7,012 Town 1960
25 Litchfield Park 6,847 6,942 City 1987
26 Guadalupe 5,322 5,307 Town 1975
27 Citrus Park 5,194 -- CDP
28 Cave Creek 4,892 5,015 Town 1986
29 Carefree 3,690 3,685 Town 1984
30 Rio Verde 2,210 -- CDP
31 Gila Bend 1,892 1,887 Town 1962
32 Komatke 1,013 -- CDP
33 Maricopa Colony 854 -- CDP
34 St. Johns 690 -- CDP
35 Wittmann 684 -- CDP
36 Gila Crossing 636 -- CDP
37 Aguila 565 -- CDP
38 Morristown 186 -- CDP
39 Arlington 150 -- CDP
40 Theba 111 -- CDP
41 Kaka 83 -- CDP
42 Wintersburg 51 -- CDP
43 Tonopah 23 -- CDP

Climate
Maricopa County
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
7
 
 
19
5
 
 
6
 
 
23
6
 
 
18
 
 
31
9
 
 
3
 
 
40
14
 
 
3
 
 
49
20
 
 
1
 
 
45
24
 
 
29
 
 
47
28
 
 
39
 
 
45
27
 
 
46
 
 
48
24
 
 
4
 
 
40
15
 
 
15
 
 
29
8
 
 
21
 
 
19
2
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: [40]
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
0.3
 
 
66
41
 
 
0.2
 
 
73
43
 
 
0.7
 
 
88
48
 
 
0.1
 
 
104
57
 
 
0.1
 
 
120
68
 
 
0
 
 
113
75
 
 
1.1
 
 
117
82
 
 
1.5
 
 
113
81
 
 
1.8
 
 
118
75
 
 
0.2
 
 
104
59
 
 
0.6
 
 
84
46
 
 
0.8
 
 
66
36
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches

Economy

In 2019, the largest employers in Maricopa County were:[41]

# Employer # of employees
1 Banner Health 27,650
2 State of Arizona 23,950
3 Walmart 16,870
4 Frys Food Stores 15,170
5 Wells Fargo 13,790
6 Maricopa County 13,350
7 City of Phoenix 12,190
8 Intel Corporation 11,410
9 Arizona State University 10,950
10 HonorHealth 9,430
11 JPMorgan Chase Bank National Association 9,310
12 Bank of America 9,180
13 Dignity Health 9,100
14 Amazon 9,050
15 Mesa Unified School District 4 8,500
16 Honeywell 8,450
17 United States Department of the Air Force 7,720
18 Home Depot 7,420
19 State Farm Insurance 7,420
20 United States Postal Service 7,260

According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, in 2019 the employment of Maricopa County in the following sectors was:[42]

SectorNumber of jobsPercentNational percent
Health care and social assistance312,38511.2%11.3%
Retail trade271,8029.8%9.4%
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services249,7869.0%6.2%
Finance and insurance226,9348.2%5.4%
Accommodation and food services204,9177.4%7.5%
Professional, scientific, and technical services200,5087.2%7.2%
Construction172,1196.2%5.5%
Real estate and rental and leasing169,3636.1%4.8%
Local government152,9395.5%7.1%
Other services (except government)140,7885.1%5.8%
Manufacturing137,4444.9%6.7%
Transportation and warehousing134,1514.8%4.5%
Wholesale trade91,1143.3%3.2%
Arts, entertainment, and recreation64,1172.3%2.4%
Educational services63,4452.3%2.4%
State government49,0511.8%2.7%
Information48,1951.7%1.7%
Management of companies and enterprises35,9171.7%1.4%
Federal civilian21,3660.8%1.4%
Military14,6320.5%1.0%
Utilities8,2290.3%0.3%
Farming6,2370.2%1.3%
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction5,3560.2%0.6%
Forestry, fishing, and related activities2,9940.1%0.5%
Total2,783,679100%100%

Maricopa produces far more Brassica than anywhere else in the state, including far more cabbage,[43]: 288  collards,[43]: 289  and mustard greens,[43]: 292  and far more eggplant[43]: 290  and greenhouse production of tomato.[43]: 311  Slightly more kale is grown here than Yavapai,[43]: 291  and a close second to Yuma for broccoli,[43]: 288  cauliflower,[43]: 289  and spinach,[43]: 294  and to Yavapai for field tomato.[43]: 295  The county is top for parsley and is tied with Pima for other fresh herbs.[43]: 290  Some of the state's melon, okra, and bell pepper are also grown here.[43]: 289 

Almost all the apricot,[43]: 298  freestone peach,[43]: 300  persimmon,[43]: 301  and nectarine[43]: 299  in the state are grown here. The county also ties for the highest amount of cling peach with Cochise,[43]: 300  along with Pima produces almost all the pomegranate,[43]: 302  and grows most of the kumquat.[43]: 302  Maricopa's farms grow a middling amount of fig,[43]: 299  grape (Vitis spp. including V. vinifera),[43]: 299  and pear (Pyrus spp.) other than Bartlett.[43]: 300  A small amount of plum is also produced here.[43]: 301 

All of the boysenberry,[43]: 307  half of the elderberry (along with Yavapai),[43]: 307  and a small amount of the state's blackberry[43]: 307  and strawberry[43]: 308  are harvested here.

A large part of the vegetable seed in Arizona is grown here.[43]: 310 

See also

References
  1. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 27, 2022.
  2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 199.
  4. Indian Reservations in the Continental United States, Bureau of Indian Affairs on National Park Service website. Retrieved January 18, 2009.
  5. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 23, 2012. Retrieved August 23, 2015.
  6. "Quick Facts about Maricopa County". Maricopa County, Ariz. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
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  8. "Public Health Conducting Dengue Surveillance in One Neighborhood". Maricopa County, AZ. November 14, 2022. Retrieved November 20, 2022.
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  10. "Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months". American Fact Finder. United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
  11. "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2021". Retrieved September 27, 2022.
  12. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
  13. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
  14. "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
  15. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
  16. Bureau, US Census. "Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census". Census.gov. Retrieved August 30, 2021.
  17. "Account Management - Social Explorer".
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Further reading
  • Maricopa County Sheriff's Office, Maricopa County Sheriff's Office History and Pictorial. Paducah, KY: Turner Publishing. Co., 2005.
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