Mponeng Gold Mine

Mponeng is a gold mine in South Africa's Gauteng province. Previously known as Western Deep Levels #1 Shaft, the underground and surface works were commissioned in 1987. It extends over 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) below the surface,[1] and is considered to be one of the most substantial gold mines in the world.[2] It is also currently the world's deepest mine from ground level,[3] reaching a depth of 4 km (2.5 mi) below ground level. The trip from the surface to the bottom of the mine takes over an hour.[1]

Mponeng
Above-ground operations at Mponeng mine.
Location
Mponeng is located in South Africa
Mponeng
Mponeng
Location in South Africa
ProvinceGauteng
CountrySouth Africa
Coordinates26°26′10″S 27°25′50″E
Owner
CompanyHarmony Gold
Websitehttps://www.harmony.co.za

Over 5400 metric tonnes of rock are excavated from Mponeng each day.[1] At a price of $19.4 per gram of gold, the mine only needs to extract 10 grams of gold per ton excavated to remain profitable.[1] The mine contains at least two gold reefs, with the deepest one metre thick.[1]

As of 2022, all-in costs of production were US$1771/oz. Even at near record high gold prices, Mponeng is barely breaking even. [4]

Harmony Gold purchased Mponeng from AngloGold Ashanti in September 2020. Along with AGA's Mine Waste Solutions, Harmony paid approximately $300m.

Physical conditions

The temperature of the rock reaches 66 °C (151 °F), and the mine pumps slurry ice underground to cool the tunnel air to below 30 °C (86 °F).[1] A mixture of concrete, water, and rock is packed into excavated areas, which further acts as an insulator.[1] Tunnel walls are secured by flexible shotcrete reinforced with steel fibers, which is further held in place by diamond-mesh netting.[1]

In 2008, researchers looking for extremophile organisms discovered the bacterium Desulforudis audaxviator present within groundwater samples from kilometers deep in the mine.[5]

Danny Forster visited the mine for the fifth episode of Build It Bigger's eighth season.

Millan Ludeña, an Ecuadorian marathon runner, became the first person to run a half-marathon fully underground in the deepest part of Mponeng Gold Mine. A Guinness World Records adjudicator was on hand to document the race and issued the certificate for the deepest half-marathon.[6]

References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mponeng Gold Mine.
  1. Wadhams, Nick (March 2011), "Gold Standards: How miners dig for riches in a 2-mile-deep furnace", Wired, vol. 19, no. 3, p. 42.
  2. "Mponeng, South Africa". Mining Technology. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
  3. World's ten deepest mines
  4. "Mponeng: Deepest Underground Mine in the World" Geology for Investors, April 13, 2023
  5. Timmer, John (9 October 2008). "In the deep, a community of one". Ars Technica. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  6. García, Sergio (23 September 2017). "Ecuadorian sets record in run 4,000m below surface". Anadolu Agency.
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