Mycobacterium bohemicum

Mycobacterium bohemicum is a species of the phylum Actinomycetota (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.

Mycobacterium bohemicum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Actinomycetota
Class: Actinomycetia
Order: Mycobacteriales
Family: Mycobacteriaceae
Genus: Mycobacterium
Species:
M. bohemicum
Binomial name
Mycobacterium bohemicum
Reischl et al. 1998, CIP 105808

Mycobacterium bohemicum is a nontuberculous bacterium that has been isolated from human tissue, animals, and the environment. M. bohemicum affects soft tissue in animal cells.[1] Mycobacterium bohemicum was identified in 1998 when isolated from sputum that was produced by a 53-year-old Down's Syndrome patient with tuberculosis[2] M. bohemicum has been reported and documented in 9 patients worldwide.[3] Reports of the bacterium have been recorded from Finland and Austria. In children, M. bohemicum has induced laterocervical and submandibular lymphadenitis.[4] The excision of the subject's lymph nodes along with antimicrobial therapy increased the health of the subjects in less than 12 months.[1]

The lymph nodes of the subjects were minced and stained according to the Ziehl–Neelsen technique.[5] Within 12–17 days a culture was produced that could be analyzed on a molecular level "Richter". M. bohemicum contains combinations of α-, keto-, metoxy-, and dicarboxy-mycolates that are not commonly found in slow-growing bacteria [3]. Other distinct characteristics of M. bohemicum is identifiable by its unique 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence as well as its variation in the ITS sequence region of 16S-23S.[6]

Phenotypic Features
  • Sensitive to compounds such as prothionamide, cycloserine, clarithromycin, gentamicin, amikacin.[1]
  • Resistant to compounds such as isoniazid, streptomycin, ethambutol, rifampin, and ciprofloaxin.[1]
  • Optimum temperature is around 37 degrees Celsius.[1]
  • Enzymatic activity- weak positive test for urease.[1]

Genotypic Features
  • To identify M. bohemicum, its resulting sequence was isolated and compared to the international database.[2]
  • M. bohemicum has been phenotypically misidentified as M. scrofulaceum, however on the molecular level, the genetic makeup distinguishes the two starins of bacteria.[7]
  • Increased cases may surface as a result of improvement microbiological diagnostic analysis.[1]

Type strain: strain CIP 105808 = CIP 105811 = DSM 44277 = JCM 12402

References
  1. Huber, J.; E.Richter; L. Binder (July 2008). "Table. Characteristics of 4 children with cervical lymphadenitis caused by Mycobacterium bohemicum, Austria, 2002–2006". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 14 (7): 1158–1159. doi:10.3201/eid1407.080142. PMC 2600326. PMID 18598648.
  2. Reischl, U.; Emler S; Horak Z; Kaustova J; Kroppenstedt R M; Lehn N; Naumann L. (1998). "Mycobacterium bohemicum sp. nov., a new slow-growing scotochromogenic mycobacterium". Int J Syst Bacteriol. 48 (4): 1349–1355. doi:10.1099/00207713-48-4-1349. PMID 9828436.
  3. Tortoli, E.; Kirschner P; Springer B; Bartoloni A; Burrini C; Mantella A (1997). "Cervical lymphadenitis due to an unusual mycobacterium". Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 16 (4): 308–311. doi:10.1007/bf01695636. PMID 9177965. S2CID 40823785.
  4. Schulzke, S.; Adler H; Bar G; Heininger U; Hammer J. (2004). "Mycobacterium bohemicum—a cause of paediatric cervical lymphadenitis". Swiss Med Wkly. 134 (15–16): 221–2. PMID 15190440.
  5. Richter, E.; Niemann S; Rüsch-Gerdes S; Hoffner S (1999). "Identification of Mycobacterium kansasii by using a DNA probe (AccuProbe) and molecular techniques". J Clin Microbiol. 37 (4): 964–970. doi:10.1128/JCM.37.4.964-970.1999. PMC 88633. PMID 10074510.
  6. Torkko, P; Suutari M; Suomalainen S; Paulin L; Larsson L; Katila M-L. (1998). "Separation among species of Mycobacterium terrae complex by lipid analyses: comparison with biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequencing". J Clin Microbiol. 36 (2): 499–505. doi:10.1128/JCM.36.2.499-505.1998. PMC 104567. PMID 9466766.
  7. Patel, JB; Leonard DG; Pan X; Musser JM (2000). "Sequence-based identification of Mycobacterium species using the MicroSeq 500 16S rDNA bacterial identification system". J Clin Microbiol. 38 (1): 246–251. PMC 88703. PMID 10618095.
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