New Territories East (1998 constituency)

The New Territories East geographical constituency was the one of the five geographical constituencies in the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. It was established in 1998 for the first SAR Legislative Council election and was abolished under the 2021 overhaul of the Hong Kong electoral system. It encompassed Sha Tin District, Tai Po District, North District and Sai Kung District. In the 2016 Legislative Council election, nine members of the Legislative Council using the Hare quota of party-list proportional representation with 1,139,616 electorates in 2020.

New Territories East
Former Geographical constituency
for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong
Outline map
Boundary of New Territories East in Hong Kong
DistrictNorth District
Tai Po District
Sai Kung District
Sha Tin District
RegionNew Territories
Population1,824,600 (2020)[1]
Electorate1,139,616 (2020)[2]
Former constituency
Created1998
Abolished2021
Number of membersFive (1998–2000)
Seven (2004–2012)
Nine (2012–2021)
Created fromNew Territories East (1995),
New Territories North (1995),
New Territories North-east (1995)
New Territories South-east (1995)
Replaced byNew Territories North (2021),
New Territories North East (2021),
New Territories South East (2021)

History

The single-constituency single-vote system was replaced by the party-list proportional representation system for the first SAR Legislative Council election designed by Beijing to reward the weaker pro-Beijing candidates and dilute the electoral strength of the majority pro-democrats.[3] Five seats were allocated to New Territories East, where popular democrat legislator Emily Lau of The Frontier topped the poll by winning more than 30 per cent of the popular vote with Cyd Ho also being elected. Although relatively weak in the region, the pro-democracy Democratic Party's Andrew Cheng also won a seat, while the pro-Beijing Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB) Lau Kong-wah whose Civil Force (CF) had a strong presence in Sha Tin District, also won a seat. The last seat was taken by former Legislative Council President Andrew Wong, beating pro-business Liberal Party chairman Allen Lee.

In the 2000 Legislative Council election, Cyd Ho switched to Hong Kong Island. Her vacancy was taken up by Democrat Wong Sing-chi who led a separate ticket targeting North District and Tai Po District, while Andrew Cheng targeted Sha Tin District and Sai Kung District. Two extra seats were added to New Territories East in 2004 election, in which the pro-democrats formed a star-dubbed "7.1 United Front" ticket which aimed at winning five seats riding on the pro-democracy wave from the 2003 mass demonstration. However only the first three candidates, Andrew Cheng, Emily Lau and Ronny Tong were elected, while the fourth candidate Wong Sing-chi was ousted. The DAB ticket also won two seats with Li Kwok-ying of the rural background also won a new seat. James Tien of the Liberal Party who was at the peak of his popularity from his opposition to the Basic Law Article 23 legislation contested in the constituency for the first time, while socialist activist "Long Hair" Leung Kwok-hung won the last seat, unexpectedly ousting Andrew Wong.

James Tien lost his re-election in the 2008 Legislative Council election as the Liberal Party's popularity declined, and was replaced by Wong Sing-chi. Leung Kwok-hung of the League of Social Democrats (LSD) rose to the top of the poll among the pro-democrats and Emily Lau dropped to the last. Lau decided to merge the Frontier into the Democratic Party after the party and became its vice chairwoman. In 2010 Leung Kwok-hung resigned from his office to trigger a by-election as part of the de facto "Five Constituencies Referendum" to pressure the government on the 2012 constitutional reform package. Leung was re-elected with a low turnout due to the government and pro-Beijing boycott, while Emily Lau's Democratic Party brokered a compromise with the Beijing authorities over the reform proposal, which increased the seats of the Legislative Council from 30 to 35, making the number of the seats in New Territories East from seven to nine.[4][5]

In the 2012 Legislative Council election, the Democrats put forward an offensive strategy by fielding three tickets hoping to retain their current three seats. However with the radical democrats' ferocious attacks on their compromised position on the electoral reform, the Democrats retained only Emily Lau's seat while People Power's Raymond Chan and Neo Democrats' Gary Fan who quit the Democratic Party each won a seat. The DAB retained their two seats by splitting their ticket into two, each led by Chan Hak-kan and Elizabeth Quat. Fernando Cheung of the Labour Party and James Tien of the Liberal Party also returned to the Legislative Council through New Territories East.

Over the debate on the 2016/2017 constitutional reform proposal, Civic Party moderate Ronny Tong resigned over his difference with the party and triggered a February 2016 by-election. Although Civic Alvin Yeung defeated DAB's Holden Chow, Edward Leung of the pro-independence Hong Kong Indigenous (HKI) received a better-than-expected results which boosted the localist camp morale.[6] Edward Leung was later on barred from running in the September 2016 general election an instead supported Youngspiration's Baggio Leung who was elected. While Lam Cheuk-ting succeeded Emily Lau who was retiring, New People's Party's Eunice Yung who was supported by Civil Force ousted Gary Fan.

Baggio Leung was soon disqualified from the office due to his oath-taking controversy, followed by Leung Kwok-hung who was also disqualified for his oath-taking manner. A by-election was held in March 2018, where Gary Fan made a comeback by defeating Tang Ka-piu of the pro-Beijing Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (FTU). However, Fan was later unseated by the court in December 2019, as the court viewed pro-independence candidate Ventus Lau's disqualification in the by-election was unlawful.[7]

Returned members

Below are all the members returned for the New Territories East constituency since its creation. The number of seats increased from five to nine between 1998 and 2016.

LegCo members for New Territories East, 1998–2021
Term Election Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member
1st 1998 Emily Lau
(TFDP)
Andrew Cheng
(DPInd)
Lau Kong-wah
(DAB/CF)
Cyd Ho
(TF)
Andrew Wong
(Ind)
2nd 2000 Wong Sing-chi
(DP)
3rd 2004 Ronny Tong
(A45CPInd)
Leung Kwok-hung
(AFALSD)
James Tien
(LP)
Li Kwok-ying
(DAB)
4th 2008 Wong Sing-chi
(DP)
Chan Hak-kan
(DAB/NTAS)
Vacant
2010 (b) Leung Kwok-hung
(LSD)
5th 2012 Fernando Cheung
(Lab)
Elizabeth Quat
(DAB)
Chan Chi-chuen
(PP)
James Tien
(LP)
Gary Fan
(ND)
2016 (b) Alvin Yeung
(CP)
6th 2016 Lam Cheuk-ting
(DP)
Yung Hoi-yan
(NPP)
Sixtus Leung
(Youngspiration)
2018 (b) Vacant Gary Fan
(ND)
Vacant
Vacant
Vacant Vacant Vacant

Summary of seats won

Term Election Distribution
1st 1998
4 1
2nd 2000
4 1
3rd 2004
4 3
4th 2008
5 2
5th 2012
6 3
6th 2016
6 3
199820002004200820122016
Frontier2111
Democratic121211
DAB112222
Liberal11
April Fifth Action1
LSD111
Civic111
Labour11
People Power11
Neo Democrats1
Youngspiration1
NPP1
Independent111
Pro-democracy444566
Pro-Beijing113233
Seats557799

Vote share summary

199820002004200820122016
Frontier30.820.611.29.2
Democratic25.624.416.823.814.76.8
DAB17.221.822.128.418.218.5
Liberal10.35.015.98.06.73.5
Citizens0.7
April Fifth Action5.914.1
HKPA2.93.3
New Forum2.2
CTU5.6
LSD12.410.46.1
Civic11.17.19.0
Labour9.58.6
People Power8.27.9
Neo Democrats6.25.4
FTU5.34.6
Civil Force5.2
Economic Synergy1.2
Youngspiration6.6
NPP6.2
HKRO4.1
PoD1.4
Independent and Others15.417.111.07.17.911.3
Pro-democracy70.665.658.756.557.457.9
Pro-Beijing29.434.441.342.142.434.6

Election results

The largest remainder method (with Hare quota) of the proportional representative electoral system was introduced in 1998, replacing the single-member constituencies of the 1995 election. Elected candidates are shown in bold. Brackets indicate the quota + remainder.

2010s

2018 New Territories East by-election[8]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Neo Democrats Gary Fan Kwok-wai 183,762 44.57
FTU (DAB) Tang Ka-piu 152,904 37.08
Livelihood First Christine Fong Kwok-shan 64,905 15.74
Independent Wong Sing-chi 6,182 1.50
Nonpartisan Joyce Chiu Pui-yuk 3,068 0.74
Independent Estella Chan Yuet-ngor 1,504 0.36
Majority 30,858 7.49
Total valid votes 412,325 100.00
Rejected ballots 4,363
Turnout 416,688 42.13
Registered electors 988,986
Neo Democrats gain from Youngspiration Swing
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2

Vote share

  DAB (18.52%)
  Civic (9.03%)
  Labour (8.58%)
  People Power (7.92%)
  Democratic (6.77%)
  Youngspiration (6.55%)
  NPP/CF (6.23%)
  LSD (6.13%)
  Neo Democrats (5.44%)
  FTU (4.64%)
  HKRO/CP (4.07%)
  Liberal (3.45%)
  Path of Democracy (1.39%)
  Other (11.28%)
2016 Legislative Council election: New Territories East
List Candidates Votes % ±
Quota 64,503 11.11
DAB Elizabeth Quat
Kenny Chong Yuen-tung, Tung Kin-lei, Chan Pok-chi, Alvin Chiu Man-leong, Philip Li Ka-leung, Wan Kai-ming, Ada Lo Tai-suen, Alf Wong Chi-yung
58,825 10.13 +0.20
Civic Alvin Yeung Ngok-kiu 52,416 9.03 +1.98
Labour Cheung Chiu-hung
Kwok Wing-kin
49,800 8.58 +0.03
DAB (NTAS) Chan Hak-kan
Clement Woo Kin-man, Jiff Yiu Ming, Peggy Wong Pik-kiu, Larm Wai-leung, Tsang Hing-lung, Mui Siu-fung, Hau Hon-shek
48,720 8.39 –0.43
People Power Raymond Chan Chi-chuen 45,993 7.92 –0.27
Democratic Lam Cheuk-ting
Emily Lau Wai-hing, Ting Tsz-yuen, Ng Kam-hung, Lo Ying-cheung
39,327 6.77 –7.90
Youngspiration (Nonpartisan) Sixtus Leung Chung-hang
Li Tung-sing
37,997 6.55 N/A
NPP (Civil Force) Yung Hoi-yan
Stanley Lanny Tam, Victor Leung Ka-fai, Chan Man-kuen, Tong Hok-leung, James Yip Chi-ho, Michael Liu Tsz-chung
36,183 6.23 +1.07
LSD Leung Kwok-hung 35,595 6.13 –4.26
Independent Christine Fong Kwok-shan 34,544 5.95 +0.66
Neo Democrats Gary Fan Kwok-wai, Yam Kai-bong, Leung Li, Chung Kam-lun, Chan Wai-tat, Li Sai-hung, Chow Yuen-wai, Lui Man-kwong 31,595 5.44 –0.72
FTU Tang Ka-piu, Tam Kam-lin, Kent Tsang King-chung 26,931 4.64 –0.62
HKRO (Civic Passion) Chin Wan-kan, Marco Lee Kwok-hei 23,635 4.07 N/A
Liberal Dominic Lee Tsz-king, James Tien Pei-chun 20,031 3.45 –3.22
Independent Andrew Cheng Kar-foo 17,892 3.08 N/A
PoD Raymond Mak Ka-chun 8,084 1.39 N/A
Nonpartisan Hau Chi-keung, Wong Shui-sang, Pang Wang-kin, Yip Wah-ching 6,720 1.16 N/A
Justice Alliance (Hong Kong) Leticia Lee See-yin 2,938 0.51 N/A
Independent Wong Sum-yu 1,657 0.29 N/A
Nonpartisan Marcus Liu Tin-shing, Ben Kuen Ping-yiu, Li Wai 850 0.15 N/A
Nonpartisan Estella Chan Yuk-ngor 486 0.08 N/A
Nonpartisan Clarence Ronald Leung Kam-shing, Yau Man-king 305 0.05 N/A
Total valid votes 580,524 100.00
Rejected ballots 6,867
Turnout 587,391 60.24 +6.38
Registered electors 975,071
2016 New Territories East by-election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Civic Alvin Yeung Ngok-kiu 160,880 37.19
DAB Holden Chow Ho-ding 150,329 34.75
Indigenous Edward Leung Tin-kei 66,524 15.38
Independent Christine Fong Kwok-shan 33,424 7.73
Third Side Wong Sing-chi 17,295 4.00
Nonpartisan Lau Chi-shing 2,271 0.52
Independent Albert Leung Sze-ho 1,858 0.43
Majority 10,551 2.44
Total valid votes 432,581 100.00
Rejected ballots 1,639
Turnout 434,220 46.18
Registered electors 940,340
Civic gain from Nonpartisan Swing
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2

Vote share

  DAB (18.75%)
  Democratic (14.67%)
  LSD (10.39%)
  Labour (8.53%)
  People Power (8.19%)
  Civic (7.05%)
  Liberal (6.67%)
  Neo Democrats (6.16%)
  FTU (5.26%)
  Civil Force (5.16%)
  Economic Synergy (1.23%)
  Other (7.94%)
2012 Legislative Council election: New Territories East
List Candidates Votes % ±
Quota 51,638 11.11
LSD Leung Kwok-hung 48,295 10.39 −2.01
DAB Elizabeth Quat
Chong Yuen-tung, Li Sai-wing, Philip Li Ka-leung, Tung Kin-lei, Ki Lai-mei, Wong Ping-fan
46,139 9.93 N/A
DAB Chan Hak-kan
Lau Kwok-fan, Wong Pik-kiu, Larm Wai-leung, Clement Woo Kin-man, Yiu Ming
40,977 8.82 −19.58
Labour Cheung Chiu-hung
Kwok Wing-kin
39,650 8.53 N/A
People Power (Frontier) Raymond Chan Chi-chuen
Erica Yuen Mi-ming
38,042 8.19 N/A
Democratic Emily Lau Wai-hing
Ricky Or Yiu-lam, Frankie Lam Siu-ching, Lam Wing-yin
37,039 7.97 −1.23
Civic Ronny Tong Ka-wah
Alvin Yeung Ngok-kiu
32,753 7.05 −4.05
Liberal James Tien Pei-chun
Selina Chow Liang Shuk-yee, Leung Chi-wai, Liu Kwok-wah
31,016 6.67 −1.33
Neo Democrats Gary Fan Kwok-wai
Yam Kai-bong, Leung Li, Leung Wing-hung, Kwan Wing-yip, Yau Man-chun, Chung Kam-lun, Cheung Kwok-keung, Michael Yung Ming-chau
28,621 6.16 N/A
Independent Christine Fong Kwok-shan 24,594 5.29 N/A
FTU Ip Wai-ming, Wong Wang-to, Ching Ngon-lai, Kan Siu-kei, Kent Tsang King-chung, Cheung Kwok-wo 24,458 5.26 N/A
Civil Force (New Forum) Scarlett Pong Oi-lan, Lanny Tam, Law Kwong-keung, Chan Kwok-tim, So Chun-man, Lam Chung-yan, Victor Leung Ka-fai, Chan Man-kuen, Tang Wing-cheong 23,988 5.16 −0.54
Democratic Wong Sing-chi, Law Sai-yan 21,118 4.54 −7.66
Democratic Richard Tsoi Yiu-cheong, Au Chun-wah, Mak Yun-pui, Kwong Mei-na 10,028 2.16 N/A
Nonpartisan Pong Yat-ming 6,031 1.30 N/A
Economic Synergy Yau Wing-kwong, Tong Po-chun, Chan Cho-leung, Pang Shu-wan, Lau Wai-lun, Shing Kwok-chu, Man Chen-fai, Tang Kwong-wing, Lok Shui-sang 5,717 1.23 N/A
Independent Raymond Ho Man-kit 2,875 0.62 N/A
Nonpartisan Chan Kwok-keung 2,327 0.50 N/A
Independent Angel Leung On-kay 1,077 0.23 N/A
Total valid votes 464,745 100.00
Rejected ballots 6,325
Turnout 471,070 53.86 +9.61
Registered electors 874,694
2010 New Territories East by-election[9]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
LSD Leung Kwok-hung 108,927 79.93
Tertiary 2012 Crystal Chow Ching 17,260 12.67
Nonpartisan James Chan Kwok-keung 7,310 5.36
Nonpartisan Wu Sai-chuen 2,783 2.04
Majority 91,667 67.26
Total valid votes 136,280 100.00
Rejected ballots 5,952
Turnout 142,232 17.23
Registered electors 825,538
LSD hold Swing

2000s

1 1 1 2 2

Vote share

  DAB (28.4%)
  Democratic (23.8%)
  LSD (12.4%)
  Civic (11.1%)
  Frontier (9.2%)
  Liberal (8.0%)
  Other (7.1%)
2008 Legislative Council election: New Territories East[10]
List Candidates Votes % ±
Quota 51,561 14.29
DAB Lau Kong-wah, Chan Hak-kan
Mok Kam-kwai, Wong Pik-kiu, Chan Kwok-kai, Lau Kwok-fan, Calvin Lin Chor-keung
102,434 28.38
(14.29+14.09)
+6.26
LSD Leung Kwok-hung 44,763 12.40 −1.74
Democratic Wong Sing-chi
Mok Siu-lun
44,174 12.24 N/A
Democratic Andrew Cheng Kar-foo
Yam Kai-bong, Shirley Ho Suk-ping, Leung Li, Kwan Wing-yip, Michael Yung Ming-chau, Frankie Lam Siu-chung
41,931 11.62 N/A
Civic Ronny Tong Ka-wah
Tsang Kwok-fung, Tsang Kin-chiu
39,957 11.07 N/A
Frontier Emily Lau Wai-hing
Ricky Or Yiu-lam
33,205 9.20 N/A
Liberal James Tien Pei-chun, Terry Kan Wing-fai, Christine Fong Kwok-shan 28,875 8.00 −7.91
Independent Scarlett Pong Oi-lan 20,455 5.67 N/A
Nonpartisan Alvin Lee Chi-wing 4,007 1.11 N/A
Party for Civil Rights and Livelihood Siu See-kong, David Yung Chiu-wing 1,129 0.31 N/A
Total valid votes 360,930 100.00
Rejected ballots 2,029
Turnout 362,959 44.25 –12.17
Registered electors 820,205
1 1 1 1 1 2

Vote share

  7.1 United Front (39.2%)
  DAB (22.1%)
  Liberal (15.9%)
  April Fifth Action (14.1%)
  Other (5.4%)
2004 Legislative Council election: New Territories East[11]
List Candidates Votes % ±
Quota 61,572 14.29
7.1 United Front Andrew Cheng Kar-foo, Emily Lau Wai-hing, Ronny Tong Ka-wah
Wong Sing-chi, Richard Tsoi Yiu-cheong, Shirley Ho Suk-ping, Ricky Or Yiu-lam
168,833 39.17
(14.29+14.29+10.59)
N/A
DAB Lau Kong-wah, Li Kwok-ying
Mok Kam-kwai, Chan Kwok-tai, So Sai-chi, Wong Pik-kiu, Chan Hak-kan
95,434 22.14
(14.29+7.85)
+0.39
Liberal James Tien Pei-chun 68,560 15.91 +10.89
April Fifth Action Leung Kwok-hung 60,925 14.14 +8.22
Nonpartisan Andrew Wong Wang-fat 23,081 5.36 −10.64
HKPA Tso Wung-wai 14,174 3.29 +0.42
Total valid votes 431,007 100.00
Rejected ballots 3,745
Turnout 434,752 56.42 +11.64
Registered electors 770,590
1 2 1 1

Vote share

  Democratic (24.4%)
  DAB (21.6%)
  Frontier (20.7%)
  Liberal (5.0%)
  New Forum (2.2%)
  Other (17.3%)
2000 Legislative Council election: New Territories East[12]
List Candidates Votes % ±
Quota 61,567 20.00
DAB Lau Kong-wah
Wan Yuet-kau, Wong Mo-tai, Wan Chung-ping, Li Kwok-ying
66,943 21.75
(20.00+1.75)
+4.58
Frontier Emily Lau Wai-hing
Richard Tsoi Yiu-cheong
63,541 20.64
(20.00+0.64)
−10.17
Democratic Andrew Cheng Kar-foo
Gary Fan Kwok-wai, Shirley Ho Suk-ping, Leung Wing-hung, Kwan Wing-yip
49,242 16.00 N/A
Nonpartisan Andrew Wong Wang-fat 44,899 14.59 +1.16
Democratic Wong Sing-chi
Chow Wai-tung, Wong Leung-hi
25,971 8.44 N/A
April Fifth Action Leung Kwok-hung 18,235 5.92 N/A
Liberal Lau Hing-kee, Leung Chi-wai, Susana Ho Shu-tee 15,450 5.02 −5.23
HKPA Choy Kan-pui, Ling Man-hoi, Cheng Chun-wo, Ho Sau-mo 8,835 2.87 N/A
Nonpartisan Brian Kan Ping-chee 7,945 2.58 +0.57
New Forum Law Cheung-kwok 6,774 2.20 N/A
Total valid votes 307,835 100.00
Rejected ballots 2,112
Turnout 309,947 44.78 –11.1
Registered electors 692,164

1990s

2 1 1 1

Vote share

  Frontier (30.8%)
  Democratic (25.6%)
  DAB (17.2%)
  Liberal (10.3%)
  Citizens (0.7%)
  Other (15.4%)
1998 Legislative Council election: New Territories East[13]
List Candidates Votes % ±
Quota 66,087 20.00
Frontier Emily Lau Wai-hing, Cyd Ho Sau-lan 101,811 30.81
(20.00+10.81)
Democratic Andrew Cheng Kar-foo
Wong Sing-chi, Lam Wing-yin, Ho Suk-ping
84,629 25.61
(20.00+5.61)
DAB Lau Kong-wah
Cheung Hon-chung, Chan Ping, Wan Yuet-kau, Wong Mo-tai
56,731 17.17
Independent Andrew Wong Wang-fat 44,386 13.43
Liberal Allen Lee Peng-fei, Wong Yiu-chee, Cheng Chee-kwok 33,858 10.25
Nonpartisan Brian Kan Ping-chee 6,637 2.01
Citizens Lui Yat-ming 2,302 0.72
Total valid votes 330,434 100.00
Rejected ballots 2,260
Turnout 332,694 55.88
Registered electors 595,340

See also

References

  1. "Number of Seats for the Geographical Constituencies" (PDF). Electoral Affairs Commission.
  2. "Voter Registration Statistics: Geographical Constituency". Registration and Electoral Office.
  3. Diamond, Larry; Myers, Ramon H. (2001). Elections and Democracy in Greater China. OUP Oxford. pp. 1985–6.
  4. "2010 LegCo By-election". Archived from the original on 13 May 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
  5. Lee, Colleen; Siu, Beatrice & Yau, Thomas (22 June 2010) "Democrats vote yes" Archived 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine, The Standard
  6. "2016 Legislative Council Geographical Constituency New Territories By-election - Election Result". Electoral Affairs Commission. 29 February 2016.
  7. "Pro-democracy lawmakers Au Nok-hin and Gary Fan lose seats as Hong Kong's top court rejects election petition appeals". Hong Kong Free Press. 17 December 2019.
  8. "Election Result - New Territories East". Electoral Affairs Commission.
  9. "2010 LegCo By-election". Archived from the original on 9 August 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  10. "2008 Legislative Election". Electoral Affairs Commission. 8 September 2008. Archived from the original on 16 June 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  11. "2004 Legislative Election". Electoral Affairs Commission. 15 December 2004. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  12. "立法會選舉結果". Archived from the original on 2 May 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2002.
  13. "Legco election overall result". Electoral Affairs Commission.
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