Nuclear power by country

Nuclear power plants operate in 32 countries and generate about a tenth of the world's electricity.[1] Most are in Europe, North America, East Asia and South Asia. The United States is the largest producer of nuclear power, while France has the largest share of electricity generated by nuclear power, at about 70%.[2] China has the fastest growing nuclear power programme with 16 new reactors under construction, followed by India, which has 8 under construction.[3]

Some countries operated nuclear reactors in the past but have no operating nuclear plants. Among them, Italy closed all of its nuclear stations by 1990 and nuclear power has since been discontinued because of the 1987 referendums. Kazakhstan is planning to reintroduce nuclear power in the future.[4] Belarus began operating one unit of its first nuclear power plant in June 2021 and was expecting to bring the second unit into operation in 2023.[5]

Germany completed the shut down of its nuclear fleet on April 15, 2023 and any restart has been ruled out on technical grounds.[6] Austria (Zwentendorf Nuclear Power Plant) and the Philippines (Bataan Nuclear Power Plant) never started to use their first nuclear plants that were completely built.

Sweden and Belgium originally had phase-out policies however they have now moved away from their original plans. The Philippines relaunched their nuclear programme on February 28, 2022 and may soon operate the mothballed Bataan Plant.[7][8]

Due to financial, political and technical reasons, Cuba, Libya and Poland never completed the construction of their first nuclear plants, and Australia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ghana, Ireland, Kuwait, Oman, Peru and Singapore never built their planned first nuclear plants.[9][10] Some of these countries are still planning to introduce nuclear power. As of 2020, Poland was in advanced planning phase for 1.5 GW and planned to have up to 9 GW by 2040.[11] Hong Kong has no nuclear power plants within its boundary, but imports 80% of the electricity generated from Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station located across the border, in which the power company of the territory holds stake.[12][13] In 2021, Iraq declared it was planning to build 8 nuclear reactors by 2030 to supply up to 25% electric power in a grid that was suffering from shortages.[14]

Overview
See also: List of commercial nuclear reactors
Nations based on nuclear output as a percentage of national power output
Timeline of commissioned and decommissioned nuclear capacity since the 1950s.[15] Positive numbers show the commissioned capacity for each year; negative numbers show the decommissioned capacity for each year.
Global status of nuclear deployment as of April 2023
  Operating reactors, building new reactors
  Operating reactors, planning new build
  No reactors, building new reactors
  No reactors, planning new build		   Operating reactors, stable
  Operating reactors, considering phase-out
  Civil nuclear power is illegal
  No reactors
Nuclear power plants in Europe (including decommissioned nuclear power plants)

Of the 32 countries in which nuclear power plants operate, only France, Slovakia, Ukraine and Belgium use them as the source for a majority of the country's electricity supply as of 2021. Other countries have significant amounts of nuclear power generation capacity. By far the largest nuclear electricity producers are the United States with 772,221 GWh of nuclear electricity in 2022, followed by China with 395,354 GWh.[1] As of 2022, 401 reactors with a net capacity of 361,144 MWe were operational, and 57 reactors with net capacity of 59,091 MWe were under construction. Of the reactors under construction, 21 reactors with 21,608 MWe were in China and 8 reactors with a capacity of 6,028 MWe were in India.[16]

Nuclear power by country in 2022[1]
Country Reactors Capacity
Net-total (MWe)		 Generated
electricity (GWh)		 Share of total
electricity use		 Notes
Operational Under Construction
Argentina Argentina 3 1 1,641 7,470 5.4%
Armenia Armenia 1 0 416 2,631 31.0%
Bangladesh Bangladesh 0 2 — — —
Belarus Belarus 1 1 1,110 4,411 11.9%
Belgium Belgium 7 0 5,942 41,744 46.4% Phase-out postponed
Brazil Brazil 2 1 1,884 13,745 2.5%
Bulgaria Bulgaria 2 0 2,006 15,784 32.6%
Canada Canada 19 0 13,624 81,718 12.9%
China China 54 21 52,181 395,354 5.0%
Czech Republic Czech Republic 6 0 3,934 29,310 36.7%
Egypt Egypt 0 3 — — —
Finland Finland 5 0 4,394 24,242 35.0%
France France 56 1 61,370 282,093 62.6%
Hungary Hungary 4 0 1,916 14,954 47.0%
India India 19 8 6,290 41,972 3.1%
Iran Iran 1 1 915 6,009 1.7%
Japan Japan 33 2 31,679 51,908 6.1% Many reactors stopped
Mexico Mexico 2 0 1,552 10,539 4.5%
Netherlands Netherlands 1 0 482 3,931 3.3%
Pakistan Pakistan 6 1 3,262 22,219 16.2%
Romania Romania 2 0 1,300 10,222 19.4%
Russia Russia 37 6 27,727 209,517 19.6%
Slovakia Slovakia 4 1 1,868 14,830 59.2%
Slovenia Slovenia 1[lower-greek 1] 0 688 5,311 42.8%
South Africa South Africa 2 0 1,854 10,124 4.9%
South Korea South Korea 25 3 24,489 167,514 30.4%
Spain Spain 7 0 7,123 56,150 20.3% Phase-out planned
Sweden Sweden 6 0 6,937 50,018 29.4%
Switzerland Switzerland 4 0 2,973 23,180 36.4% Gradual phase-out planned
Taiwan Taiwan 3 0 2,859 22,917 9.1%
Turkey Turkey 0 4 — — —
Ukraine Ukraine 15 2 13,107 81,126 55.0% From 2021 before the Russian invasion
United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates 3 1 4,011 19,300 6.8%
United Kingdom United Kingdom 12 2 7,343 43,605 14.2%
United States United States 93 1 95,523 772,221 18.2%
World total 401 57 361,155 2,486,834

See also

Notes
  1. One reactor (Krško Nuclear Power Plant) located within Slovenia is co-owned by and shared between Croatia and Slovenia.

References
  1. "Nuclear Share of Electricity Generation in 2022". IAEA. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
  2. "Nuclear Power in France | French Nuclear Energy - World Nuclear Association". www.world-nuclear.org. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
  3. "China Nuclear Power | Chinese Nuclear Energy - World Nuclear Association". www.world-nuclear.org.
  4. "Kazakhstan chooses site for second NPP". Nuclear Engineering International. 9 August 2022.
  5. International Atomic Energy Agency. Country Nuclear Power Profiles: Belarus (updated 2021).
  6. Wehrmann, Benjamin (31 March 2023). "Germany will complete nuclear phase-out as planned but technology's risks remain - env min". Clean Energy Wire. Berlin, Germany. Retrieved 11 April 2023. open access
  7. "Philippines relaunches nuclear energy programme : Nuclear Policies - World Nuclear News".
  8. "Sweden Reverses Nuclear Phase-out Policy".
  9. Duroyan Fertl (5 June 2011). "Germany: Nuclear power to be phased out by 2022". Green Left.
  10. James Kanter (25 May 2011). "Switzerland Decides on Nuclear Phase-Out". New York Times.
  11. Wilczek, Maria (16 June 2020). "Construction of Poland's first nuclear power plant to begin in 2026". Notes From Poland. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  12. "Hong Kong fallout from China's reckless nuclear ambitions".
  13. "CLP to increase nuclear power imports 10pc".
  14. "Iraq hopes to build 8 nuclear power reactors by 2030". Brecorder. 15 June 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
  15. "Operational & Long-Term Shutdown Reactors". IAEA. 13 April 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
  16. Nuclear Power Reactors in the World (PDF). Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency. 2020. ISBN 978-92-0-114820-9.

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