Cootes Drive

Cootes Drive, formerly known as the Dundas Diversion, is a city street in Hamilton, Ontario. The route connects York Road and King Street in Dundas with Main Street (formerly Highway 2 and Highway 8) to the southeast, and is considered one of the first divided highways in Canada. Originally constructed as the Dundas Diversion, the route served to bypass several sharp turns along the nearby Highway 8, as well as to demonstrate the new dual highway concept that would soon thereafter evolve into the 400-series highway network. Construction began in 1936, and the route opened on the weekend of September 11, 1937.

Cootes Drive

Dundas Diversion, Highway 102
A map of Cootes Drive, in red
Route information
Maintained by City of Hamilton
Length3.2 km (2.0 mi)
ExistedSeptember 11 or 12, 1937[1]–present
Major junctions
West endYork Street / York Road in Dundas
East endMain Street (formerly Highway 2)
Location
CountryCanada
ProvinceOntario
Major citiesHamilton
Highway system

    Cootes Drive continued to be referred to as the Dundas Diversion by the Department of Highways (DHO), predecessor to the modern Ministry of Transportation of Ontario until 1947, though it occasionally appeared in internal documents as Highway 8D and Highway 6D in the early 1940s. By 1948, the route was publicly designated as Highway 102, which it remained as until 1964 before being transferred to the townships of Ancaster and West Flamborough in 1964. It has since been known as Cootes Drive.

    Route description
    The newly completed Dundas Diversion, 1937
    Similar angle, 2007

    Cootes Drive connects Dundas with the Hamilton neighbourhoods of Ainslie Wood and Westdale, passing primarily through the swampland at the western head of Lake Ontario known as Cootes Paradise, for which the route is named. Cootes Paradise is named for Thomas Coote (nephew of Eyre Coote). Coote served as a lieutenant in the 8th (The King's) Regiment of Foot from 1776–1781 and later as a captain of the 34th (Cumberland) Regiment of Foot, and spent his free time shooting ducks in the marsh that came to be named for him.[2]

    The route begins at the intersection of King Street and York Street / York Road in downtown Dundas, where it forms a thoroughfare with King Street. The route immediately widens from two to four lanes and briefly travels diagonally through the eastern edge of the town, partially along the former alignment of Baldwin Street. After passing Dundas Street (former Highway 99), it exits Dundas and becomes sandwiched between the Desjardins Canal to the north and Spencer Creek as well as the former Hamilton Street Railway—now the Spencer Creek Trail—to the south.[1] A recreational trail also follows adjacent to the south side of the road east of Dundas Street.[3][4]

    Cootes Drive intersects Olympic Drive and passes under several overhead power lines that connect to the adjacent Dundas Transformer Station; one of these lines turns east and follows along the south side of the road. Now serving as the southwestern boundary of the Royal Botanical Gardens, the route begins a long gentle curve to the south, crossing Spencer Creek midway through the curve. As it approaches the end of the curve, the power lines cross to the east and ramps serve Westaway Road, which passes over the road. The east side of the route is now dominated by McMaster University, while the residential neighbourhood of Ainslie Wood flanks the west side. The recreation trail ends at Sanders Boulevard, which stops short of an intersection with Cootes Drive, but features a traffic signal for pedestrians to cross to the university. After a brief jog eastward, Cootes Drive ends at an intersection with Main Street West. Leland Street continues south of Main Street West as a residential street.[3][4]

    History

    The Dundas Diversion was one of the first divided dual-carriageway road built in Canada. As part of a plan to build "dual highways" across southern Ontario, Minister of Highways Thomas McQuesten had instructed his Deputy Minister, Robert Melville Smith, to research the Autobahns of Germany in 1934 and subsequently used this design to develop The Middle Road. McQuesten also began expanding short sections of Highway 2 in Windsor, Woodstock, Scarborough, and along what is now the Thousand Islands Parkway amongst other places. These sections were built in an effort to entice support amongst taxpayers for his larger plans.[5] The Dundas Diversion was another of these short new highways. It was first publicly announced by the Department of Highways (DHO), predecessor to the modern Ministry of Transportation of Ontario, in late June 1936, and construction began on July 21. The majority of the grading was completed by November before construction was halted for the winter.[1][6] A contract was let for the paving of the graded route in April 1937,[7] and the new road—while not fully completed—was opened to traffic on the weekend of September 11, 1937.[1]

    The DHO continued to refer to this route as the Dundas Diversion for several years,[8] before designating it as Highway 8D for the first time in the Annual Report for 1940.[9] It remained as Highway 8D through 1942,[10] before being labelled as Highway 6D the following two years.[11][12] It returned to being labelled as the Dundas Diversion from 1944 to 1947, making it unclear if the route was ever signed with a number.[13][14] However, by 1948, the Dundas Diversion was signed as Highway 102.[15] Highway 102 remained in place until 1964, when responsibility and maintenance over the route was transferred to the townships of Ancaster and West Flamborough. The portion east of Spencer Creek was transferred to Ancaster on April 1, while the portion to the west of the creek was transferred to West Flamborough on August 14.[16]

    By 1969, the former highway was known as Cootes Drive.[17] The Highway 102 designation was reused on a different highway near Thunder Bay by 1972.[18][19][20] In late October 2007, Hamilton City Council voted to assign the commemorative Veterans Memorial Parkway designation to Cootes Drive between East Street / Dundas Street and Main Street West.[21]

    Major intersections

    The following table lists the major junctions along Cootes Drive, as noted by the City of Hamilton. The entire route is located in Hamilton, Ontario. 

    kmmiDestinationsNotes
    0.00.0York Roadcontinues west as King Street
    0.50.31Dundas Street / East StreetFormer eastern terminus of Highway 99
    1.20.75Olympic Drive
    2.51.6Westaway RoadAccess to McMaster University
    3.22.0Regional Road 8 (Main Street West)Continues south as Leland Street; formerly Highway 2 and Highway 8
    1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

    See also

    References
    1. Kay, Randy (April 8, 2009). Drive Through Paradise: The History of Cootes Drive. Dundas Historical Society. pp. 10–12. Retrieved May 4, 2022.
    2. Houghton, Margaret, ed. (2002). Hamilton Street Names: An Illustrated History. Lorimer. p. 28. ISBN 978-1550287738. Retrieved May 10, 2022.
    3. "Hamilton Maps". City of Hamilton. Retrieved May 7, 2022.
    4. Google (May 7, 2022). "Cootes Drive – Length and Route" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved May 7, 2022.
    5. Best, John Charles (1991). Thomas Baker McQuesten: Public Works, Politics, and Imagination. Corinth Press. p. 114. ISBN 978-0969561309.
    6. "Dundas Diversion". Annual Report (Report) (1936 ed.). Department of Highways. February 23, 1938. p. 18. Retrieved May 6, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
    7. Government of Ontario (April 22, 1937). "Notice to Contractors". The Globe and Mail. ProQuest 1353682577 (subscription required).
    8. "Appendix No. 2 – Gross Expenditure by Roads". Annual Report (Report) (1938 ed.). Department of Highways. October 26, 1939. p. 81, 83. Retrieved May 7, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
    9. "Appendix No. 2 – Gross Expenditure by Roads". Annual Report (Report) (1940 ed.). Department of Highways. December 31, 1941. p. 89. Retrieved May 7, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
    10. "Appendix No. 2 – Gross Expenditure by Roads". Annual Report (Report) (1941 ed.). Department of Highways. December 31, 1942. p. 89. Retrieved May 8, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
    11. "Appendix No. 2 – Gross Expenditure by Roads". Annual Report (Report) (1942 ed.). Department of Highways. May 28, 1943. p. 49. Retrieved May 8, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
    12. "Appendix No. 2 – Gross Expenditure by Roads". Annual Report (Report) (1943 ed.). Department of Highways. March 30, 1944. p. 51. Retrieved May 8, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
    13. "Appendix No. 2 – Gross Expenditure by Roads". Annual Report (Report) (1944 ed.). Department of Highways. March 30, 1945. p. 60. Retrieved May 8, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
    14. "Appendix No. 2 – Department Expenditure by Roads, etc.". Annual Report (Report) (1947 ed.). Department of Highways. October 22, 1947. p. 92. Retrieved May 8, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
    15. Ontario Road Map (Map) (1948 ed.). Cartography by C. P. Robins. Department of Highways of Ontario. Mileage Tables inset. Retrieved May 8, 2022 – via Archives of Ontario.
    16. "Schedule of Assumptions and Reversions". Annual Report (Report) (1964 ed.). Department of Highways. p. 299. Retrieved May 8, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
    17. "Peugeot 204 leads the pack (Advertisement)". The Globe and Mail. April 10, 1964. p. 4. ProQuest 1242357004 (subscription required).
    18. Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (2016). "Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) counts". Retrieved May 11, 2022.
    19. Ontario Road Map (Map). Cartography by Photogrammetry Office. Ontario Department of Highways. 1971. § L6.
    20. Ontario Road Map (Map). Cartography by Photogrammetry Office. Department of Transportation and Communications. 1972. § L6.
    21. Warner, Kevin (November 2, 2007). "Cootes Drive is renamed for veterans". Dundas Star News. p. 19. ProQuest 358249676 (subscription required).
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