Presidential elections in Brazil
Direct presidential elections are held in Brazil as part of the general elections every four years (which has been regular since 1994), typically in October. The current electoral law provides for a two-round system in which a candidate must receive more than 50% of the vote to win in the first round; if no candidate passes the 50% threshold, a run-off is held between the top two candidates.[1] Every candidate has a running mate who disputes the post of vice-president; prior to 1966, the vice-president was elected separately.
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The country has held presidential elections since 1891, spanning over a period of several different republican governments and national constitutions.
This list shows the winner of the elections and the runner-up.
Old Republic
Presidentialism was introduced in Brazil after the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889, and the first election was held in 1891. According to the 1891 Constitution, the right to vote was restricted to men over 21 years old who were not illiterate, homeless or enlisted-rank soldiers.[2] The elections for president and vice-president were held separately and the same person could be a candidate for both.
Overall, only a small portion of the population voted.[3] Since coronelism was common, the colonel elites often persuaded people to vote for certain candidates.
1891
The very first president was elected indirectly by the Congress.
| Candidate | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|
| Deodoro da Fonseca | 129 | 55.60 |
| Prudente de Morais | 97 | 41.81 |
| Floriano Peixoto | 3 | 1.29 |
| Saldanha Marinho | 2 | 0.86 |
| José Higino Duarte Pereira | 1 | 0.43 |
| Total | 232 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | 232 | 99.15 |
| Invalid/blank votes | 2 | 0.85 |
| Total votes | 234 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 268 | 87.31 |
1894
From 1894 on, elections were held every four years.
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prudente de Morais | Federal Republican | 290,889 | 84.38 | |
| Afonso Pena | Minas Republican | 38,291 | 11.11 | |
| Cesário Alvim | Minas Republican | 3,719 | 1.08 | |
| Ruy Barbosa | Paulista Republican | 3,718 | 1.08 | |
| José Luiz de Almeida Couto | 3,137 | 0.91 | ||
| Lauro Sodré | Federal Republican | 1,876 | 0.54 | |
| Others | 3,092 | 0.90 | ||
| Total | 344,722 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 344,722 | 96.93 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 10,903 | 3.07 | ||
| Total votes | 355,625 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 1,050,000 | 33.87 | ||
1898
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Campos Sales | Paulista Republican | 420,286 | 90.98 | |
| Lauro Sodré | Federal Republican | 38,929 | 8.43 | |
| Júlio de Castilhos | Rio-Grandense Republican | 621 | 0.13 | |
| Others | 2,115 | 0.46 | ||
| Total | 461,951 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 461,951 | 98.34 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 7,812 | 1.66 | ||
| Total votes | 469,763 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 1,168,000 | 40.22 | ||
1902
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rodrigues Alves | Paulista Republican | 592,038 | 91.69 | |
| Quintino Bocaiuva | Conservative Republican | 42,542 | 6.59 | |
| Others | 11,147 | 1.73 | ||
| Total | 645,727 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 645,727 | 97.84 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 14,273 | 2.16 | ||
| Total votes | 660,000 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 1,286,000 | 51.32 | ||
1906
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afonso Pena | Minas Republican | 288,285 | 98.27 | |
| Lauro Sodré | Federal Republican | 4,865 | 1.66 | |
| Ruy Barbosa | Paulista Republican | 207 | 0.07 | |
| Others | ||||
| Total | 293,357 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 293,357 | 98.13 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 5,599 | 1.87 | ||
| Total votes | 298,956 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 1,357,000 | 22.03 | ||
1910
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hermes da Fonseca | Conservative Republican | 403,867 | 64.35 | |
| Ruy Barbosa | Paulista Republican | 222,822 | 35.51 | |
| Venceslau Brás | Minas Republican | 152 | 0.02 | |
| Others | 726 | 0.12 | ||
| Total | 627,567 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 627,567 | 98.06 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 12,433 | 1.94 | ||
| Total votes | 640,000 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 1,490,000 | 42.95 | ||
1914
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Venceslau Brás | Minas Republican | 532,107 | 91.58 | |
| Ruy Barbosa | Liberal Republican | 47,782 | 8.22 | |
| Pinheiro Machado | Conservative Republican | 222 | 0.04 | |
| Others | 889 | 0.15 | ||
| Total | 581,000 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 581,000 | 98.47 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 9,000 | 1.53 | ||
| Total votes | 590,000 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 1,580,000 | 37.34 | ||
1918
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rodrigues Alves | Paulista Republican | 386,467 | 99.03 | |
| Nilo Peçanha | Fluminense Republican | 1,768 | 0.45 | |
| Ruy Barbosa | Paulista Republican | 1,044 | 0.27 | |
| Others | 962 | 0.25 | ||
| Total | 390,241 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 390,241 | 98.80 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 4,749 | 1.20 | ||
| Total votes | 394,990 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 1,726,000 | 22.88 | ||
1919
Since Rodrigues Alves, the President-elect, caught the Spanish flu and died before taking office, a new election was held in 1919.
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Epitácio Pessoa | Minas Republican | 286,373 | 70.96 | |
| Ruy Barbosa | Paulista Republican | 116,414 | 28.85 | |
| Altino Arantes | Paulista Republican | 161 | 0.04 | |
| Others | 612 | 0.15 | ||
| Total | 403,560 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 403,560 | 96.55 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 14,440 | 3.45 | ||
| Total votes | 418,000 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 1,766,000 | 23.67 | ||
1922
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Artur Bernardes | Minas Republican | 466,972 | 59.46 | |
| Nilo Peçanha | Fluminense Republican | 317,714 | 40.46 | |
| Urbano Santos | Minas Republican | 232 | 0.03 | |
| Others | 383 | 0.05 | ||
| Total | 785,301 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 785,301 | 73.67 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 280,699 | 26.33 | ||
| Total votes | 1,066,000 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 1,900,000 | 56.11 | ||
1926
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Washington Luís | Paulista Republican | 688,528 | 99.70 | |
| Assis Brasil | Democratic Republican | 1,116 | 0.16 | |
| Melo Viana | Minas Republican | 341 | 0.05 | |
| Others | 598 | 0.09 | ||
| Total | 690,583 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 690,583 | 98.37 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 11,417 | 1.63 | ||
| Total votes | 702,000 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 2,210,000 | 31.76 | ||
1930
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Júlio Prestes | Paulista Republican | 1,091,709 | 59.39 | |
| Getúlio Vargas | Liberal Alliance | 742,794 | 40.41 | |
| Minervino de Oliveira | Workers and Peasants' Bloc | 151 | 0.01 | |
| Others | 3,550 | 0.19 | ||
| Total | 1,838,204 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 1,838,204 | 96.74 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 61,921 | 3.26 | ||
| Total votes | 1,900,125 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 2,525,000 | 75.25 | ||
Vargas Era
With the Revolution of 1930, the country was governed until 1930 by a military triumvirate, while Getúlio Vargas was the de facto president (officially President of the Provisional Government).[4] The new Constitution predicted that the first president would be chosen by the Congress in an indirect election.
1934
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Getúlio Vargas (incumbent) | Independent | 175 | 57.00 | |
| Borges de Medeiros | Rio-Grandense Republican | 59 | 19.22 | |
| Others | 73 | 23.78 | ||
| Total | 307 | 100.00 | ||
A second election was scheduled for 1938, but it did not happen due to the 1937 coup d'état, under which another Constitution was written.
Second Republic
After Vargas was forced to resign in 1945, a new state was born under a democratic constitution written in 1946. The new Constitution provided for direct elections every 5 years for both president and vice-president.
1945
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eurico Gaspar Dutra | PSD | 3,251,507 | 55.39 | |
| Eduardo Gomes | UDN | 2,039,341 | 34.74 | |
| Yedo Fiúza | PCB | 569,818 | 9.71 | |
| Mário Rolim Teles | PAN | 10,001 | 0.17 | |
| Total | 5,870,667 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 5,870,667 | 97.74 | ||
| Invalid votes | 65,217 | 1.09 | ||
| Blank votes | 70,328 | 1.17 | ||
| Total votes | 6,006,212 | 100.00 | ||
1950
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Getúlio Vargas | PTB | 3,879,040 | 48.93 | |
| Eduardo Gomes | UDN | 2,342,384 | 29.55 | |
| Cristiano Machado | PSD | 1,697,173 | 21.41 | |
| João Mangabeira | PSB | 9,466 | 0.12 | |
| Total | 7,928,063 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 7,928,063 | 95.68 | ||
| Invalid votes | 146,473 | 1.77 | ||
| Blank votes | 211,433 | 2.55 | ||
| Total votes | 8,285,969 | 100.00 | ||
1955
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Juscelino Kubitschek | PSD | 3,077,411 | 35.68 | |
| Juarez Távora | UDN | 2,610,462 | 30.27 | |
| Adhemar de Barros | PSP | 2,222,725 | 25.77 | |
| Plínio Salgado | PRP | 714,379 | 8.28 | |
| Total | 8,624,977 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 8,624,977 | 94.81 | ||
| Invalid votes | 310,185 | 3.41 | ||
| Blank votes | 161,852 | 1.78 | ||
| Total votes | 9,097,014 | 100.00 | ||
1960
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jânio Quadros | PTN | 5,636,825 | 48.26 | |
| Teixeira Lott | PSD | 3,846,825 | 32.94 | |
| Adhemar de Barros | PSP | 2,195,709 | 18.80 | |
| Total | 11,679,359 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 11,679,359 | 92.79 | ||
| Invalid votes | 473,806 | 3.76 | ||
| Blank votes | 433,391 | 3.44 | ||
| Total votes | 12,586,556 | 100.00 | ||
Military rule
With the 1964 military coup d'état, the direct democracy ended and presidents (who were all members of military, except for the last one) were now elected by the Congress.[5] The interval between elections was irregular.
1964
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Humberto Castello Branco | Ind. | 361 | 98.63 | |
| Juarez Távora | PDC | 3 | 0.82 | |
| Eurico Gaspar Dutra | PSD | 2 | 0.55 | |
| Total | 366 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 366 | 83.56 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 72 | 16.44 | ||
| Total votes | 438 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 475 | 92.21 | ||
1966
With the two-party system, only ARENA and MDB could dispute elections. President and vice-president were now part of the same ticket. The 1966 and 1969 elections had only one candidate.
| Candidate | Running mate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Artur da Costa e Silva | Pedro Aleixo | ARENA | 294 | 100.00 | |
| Total | 294 | 100.00 | |||
| Valid votes | 294 | 87.76 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 41 | 12.24 | |||
| Total votes | 335 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 475 | 70.53 | |||
1969
First election under the 1967 Constitution.
| Candidate | Running mate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emílio Garrastazu Médici | Augusto Rademaker | ARENA | 293 | 100.00 | |
| Total | 293 | 100.00 | |||
| Valid votes | 293 | 79.40 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 76 | 20.60 | |||
| Total votes | 369 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 475 | 77.68 | |||
1974
| Candidate | Running mate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ernesto Geisel | Adalberto Pereira dos Santos | ARENA | 400 | 84.03 | |
| Ulysses Guimarães | Barbosa Lima Sobrinho | MDB | 76 | 15.97 | |
| Total | 476 | 100.00 | |||
| Valid votes | 476 | 95.77 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 21 | 4.23 | |||
| Total votes | 497 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 503 | 98.81 | |||
1978
| Candidate | Running mate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| João Figueiredo | Aureliano Chaves | ARENA | 355 | 61.10 | |
| Euler Bentes Monteiro | Paulo Brossard | MDB | 226 | 38.90 | |
| Total | 581 | 100.00 | |||
| Valid votes | 581 | 98.14 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 11 | 1.86 | |||
| Total votes | 592 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 592 | 100.00 | |||
1985
The two-party system ended in 1979 and many other parties were created. This was the last election under the military regime.
| Candidate | Running mate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tancredo Neves | José Sarney | PMDB | 480 | 72.73 | |
| Paulo Maluf | Flávio Marcílio | PDS | 180 | 27.27 | |
| Total | 660 | 100.00 | |||
| Valid votes | 660 | 96.21 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 26 | 3.79 | |||
| Total votes | 686 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 695 | 98.71 | |||
New Republic
Under the current Constitution enacted in October 1988, elections are held every four years (except for the first one, which was held five years before the second to match the centenary of the Proclamation of the Republic) and citizens elect a ticket for both president and vice-president. Voting is mandatory for men and women between 18 and 70 years old who are not illiterate, and optional for people aged 16–17, over 70, and illiterates.[1]
1989
| Candidate | Running mate | Party | First round | Second round | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | ||||
| Fernando Collor | Itamar Franco | PRN | 20,611,030 | 30.48 | 35,090,206 | 53.03 | |
| Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva | José Paulo Bisol (PSB) | PT | 11,622,321 | 17.19 | 31,075,803 | 46.97 | |
| Leonel Brizola | Fernando Lyra | PDT | 11,167,665 | 16.51 | |||
| Mário Covas | Almir Gabriel | PSDB | 7,790,381 | 11.52 | |||
| Paulo Maluf | Bonifácio de Andrada | PDS | 5,986,585 | 8.85 | |||
| Guilherme Afif Domingos | Aluísio Pimenta (PDC) | PL | 3,272,520 | 4.84 | |||
| Ulysses Guimarães | Waldir Pires | PMDB | 3,204,996 | 4.74 | |||
| Roberto Freire | Sérgio Arouca | PCB | 769,117 | 1.14 | |||
| Aureliano Chaves | Cláudio Lembo | PFL | 600,821 | 0.89 | |||
| Ronaldo Caiado | Camilo Calazans (PDN) | PSD | 488,893 | 0.72 | |||
| Affonso Camargo Neto | Paiva Muniz | PTB | 379,284 | 0.56 | |||
| Enéas Carneiro | Lenine Madeira | PRONA | 360,578 | 0.53 | |||
| José Alcides de Oliveira | Reinau Valim | PSP | 238,408 | 0.35 | |||
| Paulo Gontijo | Luís Paulino | PP | 198,710 | 0.29 | |||
| Zamir José Teixeira | William Pereira | PCN | 187,164 | 0.28 | |||
| Lívia Maria Pio | Ardwin Grunewald | PN | 179,925 | 0.27 | |||
| Eudes Oliveira Mattar | Daniel Lazzeoroni Jr | PLP | 162,343 | 0.24 | |||
| Fernando Gabeira | Maurício Lobo Abreu | PV | 125,844 | 0.19 | |||
| Celso Brant | Emídio Neto | PMN | 109,903 | 0.16 | |||
| Antônio Pedreira | José Fortunato | PPB | 86,107 | 0.13 | |||
| Manoel Horta | Jorge Coelho de Sá | PDCdoB | 83,291 | 0.12 | |||
| Armando Corrêa | Agostinho Linhares | PMB | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| Total | 67,625,886 | 100.00 | 66,166,009 | 100.00 | |||
| Valid votes | 67,625,886 | 93.55 | 66,166,009 | 94.17 | |||
| Invalid votes | 3,487,963 | 4.82 | 3,108,232 | 4.42 | |||
| Blank votes | 1,176,367 | 1.63 | 986,460 | 1.40 | |||
| Total votes | 72,290,216 | 100.00 | 70,260,701 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 82,074,718 | 88.08 | 82,074,718 | 85.61 | |||
1994
| Candidate | Running mate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fernando Henrique Cardoso | Marco Maciel (PFL) | PSDB | 34,314,961 | 54.24 | |
| Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva | Aloizio Mercadante | PT | 17,122,127 | 27.07 | |
| Enéas Carneiro | Roberto Gama | PRONA | 4,671,457 | 7.38 | |
| Orestes Quércia | Iris de Araújo | PMDB | 2,772,121 | 4.38 | |
| Leonel Brizola | Darcy Ribeiro | PDT | 2,015,836 | 3.19 | |
| Esperidião Amin | Gardênia Gonçalves | PPR | 1,739,894 | 2.75 | |
| Carlos Antônio Gomes | Dilton Salomoni | PRN | 387,738 | 0.61 | |
| Hernani Fortuna | Vítor Nósseis | PSC | 238,197 | 0.38 | |
| Total | 63,262,331 | 100.00 | |||
| Valid votes | 63,262,331 | 81.21 | |||
| Invalid votes | 7,444,017 | 9.56 | |||
| Blank votes | 7,192,116 | 9.23 | |||
| Total votes | 77,898,464 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 94,732,410 | 82.23 | |||
1998
| Candidate | Running mate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fernando Henrique Cardoso (incumbent) | Marco Maciel (PFL) | PSDB | 35,936,540 | 53.06 | |
| Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva | Leonel Brizola (PDT) | PT | 21,475,218 | 31.71 | |
| Ciro Gomes | Roberto Freire | PPS | 7,426,170 | 10.97 | |
| Enéas Carneiro | Irapuan Teixeira | PRONA | 1,447,090 | 2.14 | |
| Ivan Frota | João Ferreira da Silva | PMN | 251,337 | 0.37 | |
| Alfredo Sirkis | Carla Rabello | PV | 212,984 | 0.31 | |
| José Maria de Almeida | José Galvão de Lima | PSTU | 202,659 | 0.30 | |
| João de Deus | Nanci Pilar | PTdoB | 198,916 | 0.29 | |
| José Maria Eymael | Jormar Alderete | PSDC | 171,831 | 0.25 | |
| Thereza Ruiz | Eduardo Gomes | PTN | 166,138 | 0.25 | |
| Sérgio Bueno | Ronald Azaro | PSC | 124,659 | 0.18 | |
| Vasco Azevedo Neto | Alexandre José dos Santos | PSN | 109,003 | 0.16 | |
| Total | 67,722,545 | 100.00 | |||
| Valid votes | 67,722,545 | 81.30 | |||
| Invalid votes | 8,886,895 | 10.67 | |||
| Blank votes | 6,688,403 | 8.03 | |||
| Total votes | 83,297,843 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 106,101,067 | 78.51 | |||
2002
| Candidate | Running mate | Party | First round | Second round | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | ||||
| Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva | José Alencar (PL) | PT | 39,455,233 | 46.44 | 52,793,364 | 61.27 | |
| José Serra | Rita Camata (PMDB) | PSDB | 19,705,445 | 23.20 | 33,370,739 | 38.73 | |
| Anthony Garotinho | José Antônio Almeida | PSB | 15,180,097 | 17.87 | |||
| Ciro Gomes | Paulo Pereira da Silva | PPS | 10,170,882 | 11.97 | |||
| José Maria de Almeida | Dayse Oliveira | PSTU | 402,236 | 0.47 | |||
| Rui Costa Pimenta | Pedro Paulo de Abreu | PCO | 38,619 | 0.05 | |||
| Total | 84,952,512 | 100.00 | 86,164,103 | 100.00 | |||
| Valid votes | 84,952,512 | 89.61 | 86,164,103 | 94.00 | |||
| Invalid votes | 6,976,107 | 7.36 | 3,772,138 | 4.12 | |||
| Blank votes | 2,873,720 | 3.03 | 1,727,760 | 1.88 | |||
| Total votes | 94,802,339 | 100.00 | 91,664,001 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 115,254,113 | 82.26 | 115,254,113 | 79.53 | |||
2006
| Candidate | Running mate | Party | First round | Second round | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | ||||
| Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (incumbent) | José Alencar (PRB) | PT | 46,662,365 | 48.61 | 58,298,042 | 60.83 | |
| Geraldo Alckmin | José Jorge (PFL) | PSDB | 39,968,369 | 41.64 | 37,543,178 | 39.17 | |
| Heloísa Helena | César Benjamin | PSOL | 6,575,393 | 6.85 | |||
| Cristovam Buarque | Jefferson Peres | PDT | 2,538,844 | 2.64 | |||
| Ana Maria Rangel | Delma Gama e Narcini | PRP | 126,404 | 0.13 | |||
| José Maria Eymael | José Paulo Neto | PSDC | 63,294 | 0.07 | |||
| Luciano Bivar | Américo de Souza | PSL | 62,064 | 0.06 | |||
| Total | 95,996,733 | 100.00 | 95,841,220 | 100.00 | |||
| Valid votes | 95,996,733 | 91.58 | 95,841,220 | 93.96 | |||
| Invalid votes | 5,957,521 | 5.68 | 4,808,553 | 4.71 | |||
| Blank votes | 2,866,205 | 2.73 | 1,351,448 | 1.32 | |||
| Total votes | 104,820,459 | 100.00 | 102,001,221 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 125,913,134 | 83.25 | 125,913,134 | 81.01 | |||
2010
| Candidate | Running mate | Party | First round | Second round | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | ||||
| Dilma Rousseff | Michel Temer (PMDB) | PT | 47,651,434 | 46.91 | 55,752,529 | 56.05 | |
| José Serra | Indio da Costa (DEM) | PSDB | 33,132,283 | 32.61 | 43,711,388 | 43.95 | |
| Marina Silva | Guilherme Leal | PV | 19,636,359 | 19.33 | |||
| Plínio de Arruda Sampaio | Hamilton Assis | PSOL | 886,816 | 0.87 | |||
| José Maria Eymael | José Paulo Neto | PSDC | 89,350 | 0.09 | |||
| José Maria de Almeida | Cláudia Durans | PSTU | 84,609 | 0.08 | |||
| Levy Fidelix | Luiz Eduardo Duarte | PRTB | 57,960 | 0.06 | |||
| Ivan Pinheiro | Edmilson Costa | PCB | 39,136 | 0.04 | |||
| Rui Costa Pimenta | Edson Dorta | PCO | 12,206 | 0.01 | |||
| Total | 101,590,153 | 100.00 | 99,463,917 | 100.00 | |||
| Valid votes | 101,590,153 | 91.36 | 99,463,917 | 93.30 | |||
| Invalid votes | 6,124,254 | 5.51 | 4,689,428 | 4.40 | |||
| Blank votes | 3,479,340 | 3.13 | 2,452,597 | 2.30 | |||
| Total votes | 111,193,747 | 100.00 | 106,605,942 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 135,804,433 | 81.88 | 135,804,433 | 78.50 | |||
2014
| Candidate | Running mate | Party | First round | Second round | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | ||||
| Dilma Rousseff (incumbent) | Michel Temer (PMDB) | PT | 43,267,668 | 41.59 | 54,501,118 | 51.64 | |
| Aécio Neves | Aloysio Nunes | PSDB | 34,897,211 | 33.55 | 51,041,155 | 48.36 | |
| Marina Silva | Beto Albuquerque | PSB | 22,176,619 | 21.32 | |||
| Luciana Genro | Jorge Paz | PSOL | 1,612,186 | 1.55 | |||
| Everaldo Pereira | Leonardo Gadelha | PSC | 780,513 | 0.75 | |||
| Eduardo Jorge | Célia Sacramento | PV | 630,099 | 0.61 | |||
| Levy Fidelix | José Alves de Oliveira | PRTB | 446,878 | 0.43 | |||
| José Maria de Almeida | Cláudia Durans | PSTU | 91,209 | 0.09 | |||
| José Maria Eymael | Roberto Lopes | PSDC | 61,250 | 0.06 | |||
| Mauro Iasi | Sofia Manzano | PCB | 47,845 | 0.05 | |||
| Rui Costa Pimenta | Ricardo Machado | PCO | 12,324 | 0.01 | |||
| Total | 104,023,802 | 100.00 | 105,542,273 | 100.00 | |||
| Valid votes | 104,023,802 | 90.36 | 105,542,273 | 93.66 | |||
| Invalid votes | 6,678,580 | 5.80 | 5,219,787 | 4.63 | |||
| Blank votes | 4,420,488 | 3.84 | 1,921,819 | 1.71 | |||
| Total votes | 115,122,870 | 100.00 | 112,683,879 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 142,822,046 | 80.61 | 142,822,046 | 78.90 | |||
2018
| Candidate | Running mate | Party | First round | Second round | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | ||||
| Jair Bolsonaro | Hamilton Mourão (PRTB) | PSL | 49,276,990 | 46.03 | 57,797,847 | 55.13 | |
| Fernando Haddad | Manuela d'Ávila (PCdoB) | PT | 31,342,051 | 29.28 | 47,040,906 | 44.87 | |
| Ciro Gomes | Kátia Abreu | PDT | 13,344,371 | 12.47 | |||
| Geraldo Alckmin | Ana Amélia Lemos (PP) | PSDB | 5,096,350 | 4.76 | |||
| João Amoêdo | Christian Lohbauer | NOVO | 2,679,745 | 2.50 | |||
| Benevenuto Daciolo | Suelene Balduino | Patriota | 1,348,323 | 1.26 | |||
| Henrique Meirelles | Germano Rigotto | MDB | 1,288,950 | 1.20 | |||
| Marina Silva | Eduardo Jorge (PV) | REDE | 1,069,578 | 1.00 | |||
| Álvaro Dias | Paulo Rabello (PSC) | PODE | 859,601 | 0.80 | |||
| Guilherme Boulos | Sônia Guajajara | PSOL | 617,122 | 0.58 | |||
| Vera Lúcia Salgado | Hertz Dias | PSTU | 55,762 | 0.05 | |||
| José Maria Eymael | Helvio Costa | DC | 41,710 | 0.04 | |||
| João Goulart Filho | Léo Alves | PPL | 30,176 | 0.03 | |||
| Total | 107,050,729 | 100.00 | 104,838,753 | 100.00 | |||
| Valid votes | 107,050,729 | 91.21 | 104,838,753 | 90.43 | |||
| Invalid votes | 7,206,222 | 6.14 | 8,608,105 | 7.43 | |||
| Blank votes | 3,106,937 | 2.65 | 2,486,593 | 2.14 | |||
| Total votes | 117,363,888 | 100.00 | 115,933,451 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 147,306,295 | 79.67 | 147,306,294 | 78.70 | |||
2022
| Candidate | Running mate | Party | First round | Second round | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | ||||
| Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva | Geraldo Alckmin (PSB) | PT | 57,259,504 | 48.43 | 60,345,999 | 50.90 | |
| Jair Bolsonaro (incumbent) | Walter Braga Netto | PL | 51,072,345 | 43.20 | 58,206,354 | 49.10 | |
| Simone Tebet | Mara Gabrilli (PSDB) | MDB | 4,915,423 | 4.16 | |||
| Ciro Gomes | Ana Paula Matos | PDT | 3,599,287 | 3.04 | |||
| Soraya Thronicke | Marcos Cintra | UNIÃO | 600,955 | 0.51 | |||
| Luiz Felipe d'Avila | Tiago Mitraud | NOVO | 559,708 | 0.47 | |||
| Kelmon Souza | Luiz Cláudio Gamonal | PTB | 81,129 | 0.07 | |||
| Leonardo Péricles | Samara Martins | UP | 53,519 | 0.05 | |||
| Sofia Manzano | Antônio Alves | PCB | 45,620 | 0.04 | |||
| Vera Lúcia Salgado | Kunã Yporã Tremembé | PSTU | 25,625 | 0.02 | |||
| José Maria Eymael | João Barbosa Bravo | DC | 16,604 | 0.01 | |||
| Total | 118,229,719 | 100.00 | 118,552,353 | 100.00 | |||
| Valid votes | 118,229,719 | 95.59 | 118,552,353 | 95.41 | |||
| Invalid votes | 3,487,874 | 2.82 | 3,930,765 | 3.16 | |||
| Blank votes | 1,964,779 | 1.59 | 1,769,678 | 1.42 | |||
| Total votes | 123,682,372 | 100.00 | 124,252,796 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 156,453,354 | 79.05 | 156,453,354 | 79.42 | |||
References
- Eleições 2018
- Brazilian Constitution of Brazil, 1891. Political Database of the Americas.
- Carvalho, José Murilo de (2001). Cidadania no Brasil: o longo caminho (11ª ed.). Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Civilização Brasileira. p. 40. ISBN 978-85-200-0565-1.
- "A Revolução de 1930: Principais fatos da Revolução de 1930"
- Ato Institucional Nº 1, 9 de abril de 1964
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