Vice President of Brazil

The vice president of Brazil (Portuguese: Vice-Presidente do Brasil), officially the vice president of the Federative Republic of Brazil (Vice-Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil), or simply the vice president of the republic (Vice-Presidente da República) is the second-highest ranking government official in the executive branch of the Government of Brazil, preceded only by the President. The vice president's primary role is to replace the president on the event of their death, resignation, or impeachment, and to temporarily take over the presidential powers and duties while the president is abroad, or otherwise temporarily unable to carry out their duties. The vice president is elected jointly with the president as their running mate.

Vice President of the Federative Republic of Brazil
Vice-Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil
Coat of arms of Brazil
Vice presidential standard
Incumbent
Geraldo Alckmin
since 1 January 2023
Federal government of Brazil
StyleMr. Vice President[1]
(informal)
The Most Excellent and His Excellency
(formal)
StatusSecond highest executive branch officer
Member ofCabinet
National Defense Council
ResidencePalácio do Jaburu
SeatBrasilia
AppointerDirect popular vote (two rounds if necessary)
Term lengthFour years, renewable once consecutively
Constituting instrumentConstitution of Brazil
Inaugural holderFloriano Peixoto
Formation26 February 1891 (1891-02-26)
SuccessionFirst
SalaryR$ 39,293.32 per month[2]
Websitewww.gov.br/planalto
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The office has existed since the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889, although it was only officially instituted as of the 1891 Constitution. It has been in place throughout all of Brazil's republican history, save for the fifteen years of the Vargas Era when it was officially abolished.

Requirements

The requirements to run for the office of vice president are exactly those of the presidency itself. In addition to the ordinary requirements to run for political office in Brazil, under the terms of article 14 of the Constitution, a candidate for the vice presidency must be a natural-born citizen of Brazil (which under certain circumstances may include the offspring of one or two Brazilian parents living abroad) and be at least 35 years of age.

Election and tenure

The president and the vice president are elected on a single ticket for a four-year term and are inaugurated on 1 January of the year following that of the election. Both may be re-elected for a subsequent term.

Vice presidents succeeding a sitting president may be reelected for an additional term. However, the vice president is not eligible to run for a second full term, as under Brazilian law any partial term counts toward the limit of two consecutive terms. Due to the wording of the constitution's provisions on term limits, whenever the vice president serves as acting president when the president is either abroad or suspended from office as a result of impeachment, it counts as a partial term.

Workplace and official residence

The vice president works in an annex building of the Palácio do Planalto. The official residence of the vice president is the Palácio do Jaburu, inaugurated in 1977.

Ascension to the presidency

Since the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889, eight vice presidents have been called upon to replace former presidents: four due to death of the incumbent (Nilo Peçanha, Delfim Moreira, Café Filho, and José Sarney), two due to resignation (Floriano Peixoto and João Goulart), and two due to impeachment conviction[lower-alpha 1] (Itamar Franco and Michel Temer).

List of vice presidents
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term Party Election President
Office not established (November 15, 1889 – February 26, 1891)[lower-alpha 2] Deodoro da Fonseca
1 Floriano Peixoto
(1839–1895)		 February 26, 1891
–
November 23, 1891[lower-alpha 3]		 Unaffiliated 1891
Office vacant (November 23, 1891 – November 15, 1894) Floriano Peixoto
2 Manuel Vitorino[lower-alpha 4]
(1853–1902)		 November 15, 1894
–
November 15, 1898		 PRF
(Federal)		 1894 Prudente de Morais
3 Rosa e Silva
(1857–1929)		 November 15, 1898
–
November 15, 1902		 Unaffiliated 1898 Campos Sales
Office vacant (November 15, 1902 – June 17, 1903)[lower-alpha 5] Rodrigues Alves
4 Afonso Pena[lower-alpha 6]
(1847–1909)		 June 17, 1903
–
November 15, 1906		 PRM 1903
5 Nilo Peçanha
(1867–1924)		 November 15, 1906
–
June 14, 1909[lower-alpha 7]		 PRF
(Fluminense)		 1906 Afonso Pena
Office vacant (June 14, 1909 – November 15, 1910) Nilo Peçanha
6 Venceslau Brás
(1868–1966)		 November 15, 1910
–
November 15, 1914		 PRM 1910 Hermes da Fonseca
7 Urbano Santos
(1859–1922)		 November 15, 1914
–
November 15, 1918		 PRM 1914 Venceslau Brás
8 Delfim Moreira[lower-alpha 8]
(1868–1920)		 November 15, 1918
–
January 16, 1919		 PRM 1918 Rodrigues Alves
Office vacant (January 16 – July 28, 1919) Delfim Moreira
8 Delfim Moreira
(1868–1920)		 July 28, 1919
–
July 1, 1920[lower-alpha 9]		 PRM 1918 Epitácio Pessoa
Office vacant (July 1 – November 10, 1920)
9 Bueno de Paiva[lower-alpha 6]
(1861–1928)		 November 10, 1920
–
November 15, 1922		 PRM 1920
10 Estácio Coimbra[lower-alpha 10]
(1872–1937)		 November 15, 1922
–
November 15, 1926		 Unaffiliated[lower-alpha 11] — Artur Bernardes
11 Melo Viana
(1878–1954)		 November 15, 1926
–
October 24, 1930[lower-alpha 12]		 PRM 1926 Washington Luís
Office vacant (October 24, 1930 – July 16, 1934)
Office abolished (July 16, 1934 – September 19, 1946)[lower-alpha 13]		 Military junta of 1930
Getúlio Vargas
José Linhares
Eurico Gaspar Dutra
12 Nereu Ramos
(1888–1958)		 September 19, 1946
–
January 31, 1951		 PSD 1946
13 Café Filho
(1899–1970)		 January 31, 1951
–
August 24, 1954[lower-alpha 7]		 PSP 1950 Getúlio Vargas
Office vacant (August 24, 1954 – January 31, 1956) Café Filho
Carlos Luz
Nereu Ramos
14 João Goulart
(1919–1976)		 January 31, 1956
–
August 25, 1961[lower-alpha 3]		 PTB 1955 Juscelino Kubitschek
1960 Jânio Quadros
Office vacant (August 25, 1961 – April 15, 1964) Ranieri Mazzilli
João Goulart
Ranieri Mazzilli
15 José Maria Alkmin
(1901–1974)		 April 15, 1964
–
March 15, 1967		 PSD[lower-alpha 14] 1964 Castelo Branco
ARENA
16 Pedro Aleixo
(1901–1975)		 March 15, 1967
–
August 31, 1969[lower-alpha 15]		 ARENA 1966 Costa e Silva
Office vacant (August 31 – October 30, 1969) Military junta of 1969
17 Augusto Rademaker
(1905–1985)		 October 30, 1969
–
March 15, 1974		 ARENA 1969 Emílio Garrastazu Médici
18 Adalberto Pereira dos Santos
(1905–1984)		 March 15, 1974
–
March 15, 1979		 ARENA 1974 Ernesto Geisel
19 Aureliano Chaves
(1929–2003)		 March 15, 1979
–
March 15, 1985		 ARENA[lower-alpha 16] 1978 João Figueiredo
PDS
PFL[lower-alpha 17]
20 José Sarney
(b. 1930)		 March 15, 1985
–
April 21, 1985[lower-alpha 7]		 PMDB 1985 Tancredo Neves
Office vacant (April 21, 1985 – March 15, 1990) José Sarney
21 Itamar Franco
(1929–2011)		 March 15, 1990
–
December 29, 1992[lower-alpha 3]		 PRN[lower-alpha 18] 1990 Fernando Collor
PMDB
Office vacant (December 29, 1992 – January 1, 1995) Itamar Franco
22 Marco Maciel
(1940–2021)		 January 1, 1995
–
January 1, 2003		 PFL 1994 Fernando Henrique Cardoso
1998
23 José Alencar
(1931–2011)		 January 1, 2003
–
January 1, 2011		 PL[lower-alpha 19] 2002 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
PRB 2006
24 Michel Temer
(b. 1940)		 January 1, 2011
–
August 31, 2016[lower-alpha 20]		 PMDB 2010 Dilma Rousseff
2014
Office vacant (August 31, 2016 – January 1, 2019) Michel Temer
25 Hamilton Mourão
(b. 1953)		 January 1, 2019
–
January 1, 2023		 PRTB[lower-alpha 21] 2018 Jair Bolsonaro
Republicanos
26 Geraldo Alckmin
(b. 1952)		 January 1, 2023
–
Incumbent		 PSB 2022 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva

See also

Notes
  1. President Fernando Collor de Mello was impeached by the Chamber of Deputies, but resigned before being convicted in the Senate, resulting in Itamar Franco becoming President while the trial of Collor continued (eventually resulting in a conviction and his disqualification from public office for eight years).
  2. The provisional government of Deodoro da Fonseca, which did not have a vice president, dates from November 15, 1889, the Proclamation of the Republic, to February 25, 1891, the first election for president and vice president. The day after that, his constitutional mandate officially began.
  3. Assumed the presidency following the resignation of the president.
  4. Acting president from November 10, 1896 to March 3, 1897. President Prudente de Morais was absent from his office due to health issues.
  5. Vice president-elect Silviano Brandão died before taking office, thus making the position vacant.
  6. Elected to fill the vacancy.
  7. Assumed the presidency following the death of the president.
  8. Became interim president, as vice president, between November 15, 1918 and January 16, 1919. When president-elect Rodrigues Alves died, he continued as interim president until July 28, 1919. The Constitution of the time stipulated that the vice president would only assume the presidency definitively if the term of the president was interrupted two years after his inauguration, that is, halfway through his term.
  9. Died in office.
  10. Replaced vice president-elect Urbano Santos, who had died before taking office.[3][4]
  11. Estácio Coimbra was a member of the Barreiros Republican Party, a branch of the Federal Republican Party (PRF) founded in 1894 in Pernambuco.[5] After the dissolution of the PRF in 1897,[6] no record exists of Coimbra joining another political party.
  12. Deposed by the Revolution of 1930.
  13. The office of vice president was abolished by the 1934 Constitution, but restored by the 1946 Constitution, promulgated on September 18 of that year. The indirect election and inauguration of the new vice president took place the following day.
  14. Until the dissolution of the party on October 27, 1965.
  15. After Costa e Silva was removed from office for health issues, Pedro Aleixo was prevented from assuming the presidency by the military junta of 1969. Officially, his office was revoked on October 14 by the AI-16, signed by the military triumvirate.
  16. Until the dissolution of the party on December 20, 1979.
  17. Aureliano Chaves was the leader and one of the founders of the Liberal Front Party, a dissident group from the Social Democratic Party (PDS), after it chose Paulo Maluf as its candidate for the 1985 presidential election. Also, he was responsible for launching the party manifesto in December 1984, together with 11 former PDS members.[7]
  18. Until 1992.
  19. Until September 2005.
  20. Assumed the presidency following the impeachment of the president.
  21. Until March 2022.

References
  1. "Decreto nº 9.758, de 11 de abril de 2019". Diário Oficial da União (in Portuguese). No. 70–A. Impressa Nacional. 11 April 2019. p. 5. ISSN 1677-7042. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  2. Zanatta, Pedro (1 January 2023). "Saiba quanto passa a ser o salário do presidente, vice, ministros e governadores". CNN Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  3. "Urbano Santos da Costa Araújo". Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro (in Portuguese). Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  4. "Vice-presidente Urbano Santos da Costa Araújo". Biblioteca da Presidência da República (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  5. Moreira, Regina da Luz. "COIMBRA, Estácio" (PDF). FGV CPDOC (in Portuguese). Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  6. Setemy, Adrianna. "PARTIDO REPUBLICANO FEDERAL (PRF)" (PDF). FGV CPDOC (in Portuguese). Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  7. Sousa, Patrícia Campos de. "CHAVES, Aureliano". FGV CPDOC (in Portuguese). Retrieved 19 September 2023.
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