Prime Minister of Zambia

When the country was founded as the British colony of Northern Rhodesia separate from British South Africa Company rule in the Rhodesias, the elected Legislative Council was created. At the time, the office of prime minister did not exist, with all executive power being vested in the governor of Northern Rhodesia. However, the leader of the largest elected party on the council was considered as the "unofficial" prime minister.[1] When Northern Rhodesia united with Southern Rhodesia and Nyasaland to form the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, the office of prime minister of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland was created, with Northern Rhodesia's Roy Welensky becoming the second and final holder of the office. Following the breakup of the federation due to the withdrawal of Northern Rhodesia, the office of prime minister was created for the colony. The first and only prime minister of Northern Rhodesia was the United National Independence Party's (UNIP) Kenneth Kaunda after winning the 1964 general election ahead of independence.[2][3]

Upon independence and the renaming of the country as Zambia, Kaunda became the new president of Zambia after being elected unopposed.[4][5] The office of prime minister was abolished accordingly.[6] In 1973, following an amendment to the Constitution of Zambia, the office of prime minister was re-established as the titular head of the government but the holder would be subordinate to the Secretary-General of UNIP in governing Zambia.[7] This was because the Central Committee of UNIP had precedence over the Parliament of Zambia under the Constitution.[8] President Kaunda appointed his former vice-president, Mainza Chona, as prime minister.[9] In 1975, Chona resigned and was replaced by Elijah Mudenda.[10] In 1977, Chona became prime minister again for a year before the role was taken over by Daniel Lisulo.[11] Kebby Musokotwane took the role over from Nalumino Mundia in 1985, becoming the youngest prime minister and also the first that was not a member of UNIP's Central Committee.[8] He was removed in 1989 and given an overseas diplomatic post due to President Kaunda believing he was aiming to become the next president.[12]

In 1991, the office was abolished again following a new constitution being created to allow for multi-party democratic elections following UNIP negotiations with the Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD).[12] The powers the prime minister had were subsumed back into the office of president.[13] The constitution allowed for the final prime minister, Malimba Masheke, to remain in office until the 1991 Zambian general election.[13] According to Masheke, at the time of abolition the prime minister was being paid less than his private secretary.[14]