Proto-Central Pacific language

Proto-Central Pacific (abbreviated as PCP) is the reconstructed ancestor of the Central Pacific languages. It belongs to the Oceanic branch of the Austronesian languages.

Proto-Central Pacific
PCP
Reconstruction ofCentral Pacific languages
RegionFiji
Reconstructed
ancestors
Lower-order reconstructions

It was first proposed by George W. Grace in 1959,[1] who also named the subgroup in 1967.[2] It was reconstructed by C.F. Hockett in 1976.[3]

Descendants

Proto-Central Pacific, originally spoken by Lapita settlers in Fiji three millennia ago, separated into a dialect network, consisting of what would become a western dialect (ancestral to Rotuman and western Fijian dialects) and an eastern dialect (ancestral to eastern Fijian dialects and Proto-Polynesian). Later, the dialects that remained in Fiji converged back, eventually becoming more similar, leading to the present-day Fijian language.[4]

Phonology

The phonology of Proto-Central Pacific, according to Geraghty (1986),[5] are:

Consonants
Bilabial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Labiovelar Glottal
Stop prenasalized *ᵐb *b *ⁿd *d, *ⁿdr *dr *ᵑg *q
voiceless *p *p *t *t *k *k * *kw *ʔ
Nasal *m *m *n *n *ɲ *ŋ *g *ŋʷ *gw
Fricative *β *v *ð *c *s *s *ɟ *z *x *x
Affricate *t͡ʃ *j
Approximant *l *l, *r *r *j *y *w *w
Vowels
  Front Back
Close *i *i, * *u *u, *
Close-mid *e *e, * *o *o, *
Open *a *a, *

The orthography used is similar to that of Fijian.

Example sentence

From Kikusawa (2000, 167)[6]

*Na=ᵑgu

PST=1SG.GEN

tirovi=a

see=3SG

i

PRS

aku

1SG

(ʔi

LOC

na

DET

vale).

house

*Na=ᵑgu tirovi=a i aku (ʔi na vale).

PST=1SG.GEN see=3SG PRS 1SG LOC DET house

'I saw him (in the house).'

References

  1. Grace, George W. (1959), "The position of the Polynesian languages within the Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) language family", Memoir 16
  2. Grace, George W. (1967), The effect of heterogeneity in the lexicostatistical test list: the case of Rotuman
  3. Hockett, C.F. (May 1976), "The Reconstruction of Proto-Central Pacific", Anthropological Linguistics, 18 (5): 187–235
  4. Geraghty, Paul (1996), "Some Problems with Proto-Central Pacific", Oceanic Studies: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Oceanic Linguistics: 83–91
  5. Geraghty, Paul (1986), "The sound system of Proto-Central Pacific", Focal II: Papers from the Fourth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics: 289–312
  6. Kikusawa, Ritsuko (2000), Reconstructing the actancy systems of Proto-Central Pacific and its daughter languages: ergativity, accusativity and their diachronic development
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