Psilopogon

Psilopogon
	Fire-tufted barbet (Psilopogon pyrolophus)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Class:	Aves
Order:	Piciformes
Family:	Megalaimidae
Genus:	Psilopogon; Müller, S., 1836
Type species
	Psilopogon pyrolophus; Müller, S.
Synonyms
	Megalaima G. R. Gray, 1842

Psilopogon is a genus of Old World barbets that used to include only a single species, the fire-tufted barbet (P. pyrolophus). Results of molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that the genus is nested within an evolutionary branch consisting of Asian barbets that were formerly placed in the genus Megalaima proposed by George Robert Gray in 1841. Since Psilopogon was proposed by Salomon Müller already in 1835, this name takes priority.[1][2]

The name Psilopogon combines the Ancient Greek psilos meaning "bare" and pōgōn meaning "beard".[3]

Taxonomy

The genus Psilopogon was introduced in 1836 by the German naturalist Salomon Müller to accommodate a single species, the fire-tufted barbet (Psilopogon pyrolophus), which is therefore the type species.[4][5]

In the 19th and 20th centuries, about 19 generic names were proposed for Asian barbet species in collections of natural history museums, including Megalaima by George Robert Gray in 1849 and Mezobucco by George Ernest Shelley in 1889.[6] Molecular phylogenetic research of Asian barbets revealed that the Megalaima species form a clade, which also includes the fire-tufted barbet. Barbets formerly placed in Megalaima were therefore reclassified under the genus Psilopogon, which now contains the following 33 species:[7]

As of February 2023, the list of birds maintained by Frank Gill, Pamela Rasmussen and David Donsker on behalf of the International Ornithological Committee (IOC) as well as the Clements Checklist of Birds of the World maintained by members of Cornell University both treat Psilopogon cyanotis as a subspecies of Psilopogon duvaucellii.[8][9] The taxon Psilopogon cyanotis was not included in the 2013 molecular phylogenetic study by Robert Jan den Tex and Jennifer Leonard.[1]

Species	Image	Distribution
Fire-tufted barbet (P. pyrolophus)		Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra
Coppersmith barbet (P. haemacephalus) (Statius Müller, 1776)[10]		from Pakistan to the Philippines and Indonesia
White-cheeked barbet (P. viridis) (Boddaert, 1783)[11]		Western Ghats and adjoining hills
Great barbet (P. virens) (Boddaert, 1783)[12]		northern India, Nepal and Bhutan, Bangladesh and some parts of Southeast Asia, as far east as Laos
Brown-headed barbet (P. zeylanicus) (Gmelin, 1788)		Western Ghats and hilly parts of southern peninsular India
Crimson-fronted barbet (P. rubricapillus) Gmelin, 1788)		Sri Lanka
Blue-throated barbet (P. asiaticus) (Latham, 1790)		Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia
Lineated barbet (P. lineatus) (Vieillot, 1816)		West Bengal and Bangladesh
Yellow-fronted barbet (P. flavifrons) (Cuvier, 1816)		Sri Lanka
Black-banded barbet (P. javensis) (Horsfield, 1821)		Java and Bali
Yellow-eared barbet (P. australis) (Horsfield, 1821)		Java and Bali
Flame-fronted barbet (P. armillaris) (Temminck, 1821)		Java and Bali
Golden-whiskered barbet (P. chrysopogon) (Temminck, 1824)		Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Borneo and Sumatra
Red-throated barbet (P. mystacophanos) (Temminck, 1824)		Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei
Black-eared barbet (P. duvaucelii) (Lesson, 1830)		Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo
Green-eared barbet (P. faiostrictus) (Temminck, 1831)		southern China, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam
Brown-throated barbet (P. corvinus) (Temminck, 1831)		western Java
Yellow-crowned barbet (P. henricii) (Temminck, 1831)		Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand
Black-browed barbet (P. oorti) (Müller, 1836)		Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula
Red-crowned barbet (P. rafflesii) (Lesson, 1839)		Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, and Thailand
Golden-throated barbet (P. franklinii) (Edward Blyth, 1842)[13]		Nepal, India, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Laos, Vietnam and mainland China
Blue-eared barbet (P. cyanotis) (Blyth, 1847)		northeast India ‍and Bangladesh to peninsular Thailand
Malabar barbet (P. malabaricus) (Blyth, 1847)		Western Ghats from around Goa south to southern Kerala
Taiwan barbet (P. nuchalis) (Gould, 1863)		Taiwan
Red-vented barbet (P. lagrandieri) (Verreaux, 1868)		Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam
Chinese barbet (P. faber) (R. Swinhoe, 1870)		southern China
Moustached barbet (P. incognitus) (Hume, 1874)		Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam
Golden-naped barbet (P. pulcherrimus) (Sharpe, 1888)		Indonesia and Malaysia
Mountain barbet (P. monticola) (Sharpe, 1889)		Borneo
Bornean barbet (P. eximius) (Sharpe, 1892)		Indonesia and Malaysia, Borneo
Necklaced barbet (P. auricularis) (Robinson & Kloss, 1919)		southern Laos and Vietnam
Indochinese barbet (P. annamensis) (Robinson & Kloss, 1919)		Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia
Turquoise-throated barbet (P. chersonesus) (Chasen & Kloss, 1927)		Thailand

Phylogeny

	Coppersmith barbet

	Crimson-fronted barbet

	Malabar barbet

	Yellow-eared barbet

	Black-eared barbet

Bornean barbet

	Great barbet

	Red-vented barbet

Fire-tufted barbet

	Red-throated barbet

	Black-banded barbet

Red-crowned barbet

	Flame-fronted barbet

	Yellow-crowned barbet

Golden-naped barbet

Green-eared barbet

Lineated barbet

Brown-headed barbet

	White-cheeked barbet

	Yellow-fronted barbet

	Golden-throated barbet

	Necklaced barbet

Brown-throated barbet

	Golden-whiskered barbet

	Golden-whiskered barbet

Mountain barbet

	Taiwan barbet

	Chinese barbet

Moustached barbet

	Blue-throated barbet

	Indochinese barbet

	Turquoise-throated barbet

	Black-browed barbet

Relationship within the genus[1]

References

Den Tex, R.-J.; Leonard, J. A. (2013). "A molecular phylogeny of Asian barbets: Speciation and extinction in the tropics". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 68 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.004. PMID 23511217.
Ericson, P. G. P. (2012). "Evolution of terrestrial birds in three continents: biogeography and parallel radiations". Journal of Biogeography. 39 (5): 813–824. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02650.x. S2CID 85599747.
Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 321. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
Müller, Salomon (1835). "Aanteekeningen over de natuurlijke gesteldheid van een gedeelte der westkust en binnenlanden van Sumatra, met bijvoeging van eenige waarnemingen en beschrijvingen van verscheid dieren". Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie (in Dutch). 2: 315–355 [339]. The title page is dated 1835 but the article was not published until 1836.
Peters, James Lee, ed. (1948). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 6. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 30.
Ripley, S. D. (1945). "The barbets" (PDF). The Auk. 62 (4): 542–563. doi:10.2307/4079804. JSTOR 4079804.
Moyle, R. G. (2004). "Phylogenetics of barbets (Aves: Piciformes) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 30 (1): 187–200. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00179-9. PMID 15022769.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2023). "Jacamars, puffbirds, toucans, barbets, honeyguides". IOC World Bird List Version 13.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
Clements, J.F.; Schulenberg, T.S.; Iliff, M.J.; Fredericks, T.A.; Gerbracht, J.A.; Lepage, D.; Billerman, S.M.; Sullivan, B.L.; Wood, C.L. (2022). "The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2022". Retrieved 10 December 2022.
Statius Müller, P. L. (1776). "Der Blutskopf. Bucco haemacephalus". Des Ritters Carl von Linné Königlich Schwedischen Leibarztes &c. &c. vollständigen Natursystems. Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs. Nürnberg: Gabriel Nicolaus Raspe. p. 88.
Boddaert, P. (1783). "870. Barbu verd, Buff. XIII". Table des Planches Enluminées d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton : avec les denominations de M.M. de Buffon, Brisson, Edwards, Linnaeus et Latham, precedé d'une notice des principaux ouvrages zoologiques enluminés. Utrecht. p. 53.
Boddaert, P. (1783). "871. Le grand Barbu, Buff. XIII". Table des Planches Enluminées d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton : avec les denominations de M.M. de Buffon, Brisson, Edwards, Linnaeus et Latham, precedé d'une notice des principaux ouvrages zoologiques enluminés. Utrecht. p. 53.
Blyth, E. (1842). "Notes on various Indian and Malayan birds". The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 11 (1): 160–195.

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[phylo-1] Den Tex, R.-J.; Leonard, J. A. (2013). "A molecular phylogeny of Asian barbets: Speciation and extinction in the tropics". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 68 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.004. PMID 23511217.

[2] Ericson, P. G. P. (2012). "Evolution of terrestrial birds in three continents: biogeography and parallel radiations". Journal of Biogeography. 39 (5): 813–824. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02650.x. S2CID 85599747.

[3] Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 321. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.

[4] Müller, Salomon (1835). "Aanteekeningen over de natuurlijke gesteldheid van een gedeelte der westkust en binnenlanden van Sumatra, met bijvoeging van eenige waarnemingen en beschrijvingen van verscheid dieren". Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie (in Dutch). 2: 315–355 [339]. The title page is dated 1835 but the article was not published until 1836.

[5] Peters, James Lee, ed. (1948). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 6. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 30.

[6] Ripley, S. D. (1945). "The barbets" (PDF). The Auk. 62 (4): 542–563. doi:10.2307/4079804. JSTOR 4079804.

[7] Moyle, R. G. (2004). "Phylogenetics of barbets (Aves: Piciformes) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 30 (1): 187–200. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00179-9. PMID 15022769.

[ioc-8] Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2023). "Jacamars, puffbirds, toucans, barbets, honeyguides". IOC World Bird List Version 13.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 17 February 2023.

[9] Clements, J.F.; Schulenberg, T.S.; Iliff, M.J.; Fredericks, T.A.; Gerbracht, J.A.; Lepage, D.; Billerman, S.M.; Sullivan, B.L.; Wood, C.L. (2022). "The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2022". Retrieved 10 December 2022.

[10] Statius Müller, P. L. (1776). "Der Blutskopf. Bucco haemacephalus". Des Ritters Carl von Linné Königlich Schwedischen Leibarztes &c. &c. vollständigen Natursystems. Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs. Nürnberg: Gabriel Nicolaus Raspe. p. 88.

[11] Boddaert, P. (1783). "870. Barbu verd, Buff. XIII". Table des Planches Enluminées d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton : avec les denominations de M.M. de Buffon, Brisson, Edwards, Linnaeus et Latham, precedé d'une notice des principaux ouvrages zoologiques enluminés. Utrecht. p. 53.

[12] Boddaert, P. (1783). "871. Le grand Barbu, Buff. XIII". Table des Planches Enluminées d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton : avec les denominations de M.M. de Buffon, Brisson, Edwards, Linnaeus et Latham, precedé d'une notice des principaux ouvrages zoologiques enluminés. Utrecht. p. 53.

[Blyth1842-13] Blyth, E. (1842). "Notes on various Indian and Malayan birds". The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 11 (1): 160–195.