Queen Inyeol

Queen Inyeol (Korean: 인열왕후 한씨; Hanja: 仁烈王后 韓氏; 6 August 1594 – 6 January 1636[2]) of the Cheongju Han clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the wife and first queen consort of Injo of Joseon, the 16th Joseon monarch. She was queen consort of Joseon from 1623 until her death in 1636.

Queen Inyeol
인열왕후
Queen consort of Joseon
Tenure24 April 1623 – 6 January 1636
PredecessorQueen Hyejang
SuccessorQueen Jangryeol
Born6 August 1594
Wuso, Wonju-eupnae, Gangwon Province, Kingdom of Joseon
Died6 January 1636 (1636-01-07) (aged 41)
Sansilcheong, Yeohwidang Hall, Changgyeong Palace, Hanseong, Kingdom of Joseon
Burial
Jangneung
SpouseInjo of Joseon (m.1610–1636)
Issue
  1. Crown Prince Sohyeon
  2. Hyojong of Joseon
  3. Grand Prince Inpyeong
  4. Grand Prince Yongseong
  5. Unnamed daughter
  6. Unnamed son
  7. Unnamed son
Posthumous name
정유명덕정순인열왕후
正裕明德貞順仁烈王后
HouseCheongju Han (by birth)
Jeonju Yi (by marriage)
FatherHan Jun-gyeom
MotherInternal Princess Consort Hoesan of the Changwon Hwang clan
Korean name
Hangul
인열왕후[1]
Hanja
Revised RomanizationInyeol wanghu
McCune–ReischauerInyŏl wanghu

Biography

Lady Han was born on 6 August 1594 into the Cheongju Han clan to Han Jun-gyeom and his wife, Lady Hwang of the Changwon Hwang clan, as their youngest child of five children. Her parents were 5th cousins as they shared Grand Prince Hyoryeong as their 4th great-grandfather.

Her mother later died a few days after her birth, but Lady Han was born and raised in the town of Wonju until she married.

In 1610, she married Prince Neungyang (능양군), Injo of Joseon, when she was 17 and was known as “Princess Consort Cheongseong” (청성군부인, 淸城郡夫人). Princess Cheongseong gave birth to Crown Prince Sohyeon in 1612, Grand Prince Bongrim (later known as King Hyojong) in 1619, and Grand Prince Inpyeong in 1622.

On 24 April 1623, she became the queen consort upon her husband's ascension to the throne. The Queen gave birth to a fourth son, Prince Yongseong, in 1624, her first daughter in 1626, and a fifth son in 1629, but both died prematurely.

On 14 October 1635, she gave birth to a prince, her sixth son, who died later on 22 December 1635. A month later on 6 January 1636, the Queen died at the age of 41 in Changgyeong Palace as she was suffering from postpartum illness.

Her husband, King Injo wanted to bestow Myeongheon (명헌, 明憲) as her posthumous title, but Kim Sang-heon persuaded the king to change the name into Inyeol. “In” (인, 仁) for benevolence and “Yeol” (열, 烈) for pillar.

King Injo had decided to have his own tomb be made next to the queen in Jangneung. After the king died, their son, King Hyojong granted his wish and buried his father there. Jangneung was originally located in Uncheon-ri, Paju, but when snakes and scorpions began to live and infest around the tomb, King Yeongjo moved the tomb to Galhyeon-ri, Paju, Gyeonggi Province.

Family
  • Father - Han Jun-gyeom (한준겸, 韓浚謙) (1557 – 1627)
    • Grandfather - Han Hyo-yun (한효윤, 韓孝胤) (1536 – 1580)
      • Great-grandfather - Han Yeo-pil (한여필, 韓汝弼) (? - 1571)[3]
      • Great-grandmother - Lady Yu of the Munhwa Yu clan (문화 유씨, 文化 柳氏); daughter of Yu Eom (유엄, 柳渰)
    • Grandmother - Shin Geum-hui (신금희, 申金姬), Lady Shin of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (평산 신씨) (1532 – 1608); daughter of Shin Geon (신건, 申健; 1493 - 1566)[4]
  • Uncle - Han Baek-gyeom (한백겸, 韓百謙) (1552 – 1615)
    • Aunt - Gu Ae-yeong (구애영, 具愛英), Lady Gu of the Neungseong Gu clan (능성 구씨, 綾城 具氏); daughter of Gu Sa-jung (구사중, 具思仲; 1535 - ?)[5]
      • Cousin - Han Heung-il (한흥일, 韓興一) (1587 – 1651)
        • Cousin-in-law - Yi Hyo-jeol (이효절, 李孝節), Lady Yi of the Jeonju Yi clan (전주 이씨, 全州 李氏) (1618 - ?)
    • Cousin - Lady Han (한씨)
      • Cousin-in-law - Hong Bi (홍비, 洪棐) of the Namyang Hong clan
  • Uncle - Han Jong-gyeom (한중겸, 韓重謙) (1555 – 1579)
  • Aunt - Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan (청주 한씨, 淸州 韓氏)
  • Aunt - Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan (청주 한씨, 淸州 韓氏)
    • Uncle - Sim Heun (심흔, 沈忻) (1561 - ?)[6]
  • Aunt - Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan (청주 한씨, 淸州 韓氏)
    • Uncle - Kwon Heun (권흔, 權昕)
      • Cousin - Lady Kwon of the Andong Kwon clan (안동 권씨)
        • Cousin-in-law - Yi Seong-gu (이성구, 李聖求) of the Jeonju Yi clan (1584 - 1644)[7]
  • Aunt - Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan (청주 한씨, 淸州 韓氏)
    • Uncle - Seo Yong-gab (서용갑, 徐龍甲)
      • Cousin - Seo Woon-gi (서운기, 徐雲驥)
  • Aunt - Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan (청주 한씨, 淸州 韓氏)
    • Uncle - Hwang Yu-gil (황유길, 黃有吉)
  • Aunt - Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan (청주 한씨, 淸州 韓氏); died before marrying (혼인전에 사망)
  • Mother
    • Biological - Internal Princess Consort Hoesan of the Changwon Hwang clan (회산부부인 창원 황씨) (1561 – 1594)
    • Grandfather - Hwang Seong (황성, 黃珹)
    • Grandmother - Lady Yi of the Ubong Yi clan (우봉 이씨, 牛峰 李氏)
  • Step - Yi Kang-ah-ji (이강아지, 李强阿之), Lady Yi of the Jeonju Yi clan (1583 - ?)
    • Step-Grandfather - Yi Gan, Prince Cheongwon (청원군 이간)[8]

Siblings

  • Older sister - Lady Han (한씨)
    • Brother-in-law - Yi Yun-yeon (이윤연, 李幼淵) (1571 – 1615)
  • Older brother - Han Hoe-il (한회일, 韓會一) (1580 – 1642)
  • Older sister - Lady Han (한씨) (1586 - 1637); died during the Manchu war
    • Brother-in-law - Yeo Yi-jing (여이징, 呂爾徵) (1588 – 1656)
      • Adoptive nephew - Yeo Seong-je (여성제, 呂聖齊) (1625 - 1691);[10] son of Yeo Yi-ryang (여이량, 呂爾亮)
  • Older sister - Lady Han (정부인 청주 한씨, 貞夫人 淸州 韓氏) (1588 – 1637); died during the Manchu War
    • Brother-in-law - Jeong Baek-chang (정백창, 鄭百昌) (1588 – 1635)
  • Older brother - Han So-il (한소일, 韓昭一) (1591 – 1608)
    • Sister-in-law - Lady Yu of the Jeonju Yu clan (전주 유씨, 全州 柳氏)
  • Younger half-sister - Lady Han (한씨)
    • Brother-in-law - Yi Hwan (이환, 李煥)
  • Younger half-sister - Princess Consort Han of the Cheongju Han clan (현부인 청주 한씨, 縣夫人 淸州 韓氏) (1612 – 1637)
    • Brother-in-law - Yi Se-wan, Prince Jinwon (이세완 진원군) (1603 – 1655)[11]
  • Husband - Injo of Joseon (7 December 1595 – 17 June 1649) (조선 인조)

Issue

  1. Son - Yi Wang, Crown Prince Sohyeon (5 February 1612 – 21 May 1645) (이왕 소현세자)
    1. Daughter-in-law - Crown Princess Minhoe of the Geumcheon Kang clan (1611 – 30 April 1646) (민회빈 강씨)
  2. Son - Yi Ho, King Hyojong (봉림대군; 3 July 1619 – 23 June 1659)
    1. Daughter-in-law - Queen Inseon of the Deoksu Jang clan (9 February 1619 – 19 March 1674) (인선왕후 장씨)
  3. Son - Yi Yo, Grand Prince Inpyeong (10 December 1622 – 13 May 1658) (이요 인평대군)
    1. Daughter-in-law - Princess Consort Bokcheon of the Dongbok Oh clan (22 April 1622 – 6 August 1658) (복천부부인 동복 오씨)
  4. Son - Yi Gon, Grand Prince Yongseong (24 October 1624 – 22 December 1629) (이곤 용성대군)
  5. Unnamed daughter (1626 – 1626)
  6. Unnamed son (1629 – 1629)
  7. Unnamed son (12 January 1636 – 16 January 1636)
  • Portrayed by Seo Woo-rim in the 1981 KBS1 TV Series Daemyeong.
  • Portrayed by Kim Do-yeon in the 1986–1987 MBC TV series Namhansanseong Fortress
  • Portrayed by Lee Seung-ha in the 2015 MBC TV series Splendid Politics

References
  1. "한글 맞춤법 제11항" 모음이나 ‘ㄴ’ 받침 뒤에 이어지는 ‘렬, 률’은 ‘열, 율’로 적는다. [Hangul orthography; Chapter 3, Section 5 Law of Initial Sound of a Syllable]. National Institute of Korean Language (in Korean). Retrieved 9 January 2017.
  2. In lunar calendar, the Queen was born on 1 July 1594 and died on 9 December 1635
  3. He was the 7th generation descendant of Han Sang-gyeong (한상경, 韓尙敬; 1360 - 1423), a founding contributor and prime minister of the Joseon Dynasty, and the 5th generation descendant of his grandson, Han Gye-hui (한계희, 韓繼禧; 1423 - 1482). Han Sang-gyeong was the younger brother of Han Myeong-hoe's grandfather and the 3rd great-grandfather of Queen Ansun.
  4. Son of Shin Woo-ho (신우호, 申友灝). His sister, Princess Consort Yeongyang of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (영양군부인 평산 신씨, 永陽郡夫人 平山 申氏), is the wife of Prince Gyeongseong (the son of King Seongjong and Royal Consort Suk-ui Hong)
  5. He was the paternal uncle to the future Queen Inheon, the wife of King Wonjong
  6. Nephew of Queen Insun and Sim Ui-gyeom, and a great-grandson of King Jungjong through Prince Boseong
  7. His only daughter, Lady Yi, from four sons, married Yi Il-sang (이일상, 李一相). Yi Il-sang was older brother to Yi Dan-sang (이단상, 李端相) who was became the father-in-law to Queen Inhyeon’s eldest brother. Yi Il-sang’s paternal aunt was the mother of Hong Ju-won and mother-in-law to Princess Jeongmyeong.
  8. Grandson of Yi Hoe, Prince Ikyang (익양군 이회; 1488 - 1552) and Great-Grandson of King Seongjong and Royal Consort Suk-ui Hong.
  9. Granddaughter of Yi Jeung, Prince Gyeyang (계양군 이증) (1427 - 1464) (son of King Sejong and Royal Noble Consort Shin), and Princess Consort Jeongseon of the Cheongju Han clan (정선군부인 청주 한씨) (1426 - 1480) (daughter of Han Hwak and older sister of Queen Sohye).
  10. He is the nephew-in-law of Crown Princess Minhoe
  11. He is the 5th great-grandson of King Seongjong
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