SAR supergroup

The SAR supergroup, also just SAR or Harosa, is a clade of Eukaryotes that includes stramenopiles (heterokonts), alveolates, and Rhizaria.[2][3][4][5] The name is an acronym derived from the first letters of each of these clades;[lower-alpha 1] it has been alternatively spelled "RAS".[6][7] The term "Harosa" (at the subkingdom level) has also been used.[8] The SAR supergroup is a node-based taxon.[6] The TSAR clade also includes the Telonemids.[9]

"TSAR" redirects here. Not to be confused with Tsar.

SAR
Temporal range:
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Clade: Diaphoretickes
Clade: TSAR
Clade: SAR
Burki et al., 2007
Infrakingdoms
Synonyms
  • Harosa Cavalier-Smith, 2010

Members of the SAR supergroup were once included under the separate supergroups Chromalveolata (Chromista and Alveolata) and Rhizaria, until phylogenetic studies confirmed that stramenopiles and alveolates diverged with Rhizaria.[10] This apparently excluded haptophytes and cryptomonads, leading Okamoto et al. (2009) to propose the clade Hacrobia to accommodate them.[11]

A 2021 analysis places Alveolata and Stramenopiles (Heterokonts) in Halvaria, as sister to Rhizaria.[12]

TSAR

Telonemia

SAR/

Rhizaria

Halvaria

Alveolata

Stramenopiles

Harosa

See also

Notes
  1. As a formal taxon, "Sar" has only its first letter capitalized, while the earlier abbreviation, SAR, retains all uppercase letters. Both names denote the same group of organisms, unless further taxonomic revisions deem otherwise.

References
  1. Laura Wegener Parfrey, Daniel J G Lahr, Andrew H Knoll, Laura A Katz (16 August 2011). "Estimating the timing of early eukaryotic diversification with multigene molecular clocks" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (33): 13624–9. Bibcode:2011PNAS..10813624P. doi:10.1073/PNAS.1110633108. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3158185. PMID 21810989. Wikidata Q24614721.
  2. Archibald JM (January 2009). "The puzzle of plastid evolution". Current Biology. 19 (2): R81-8. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.11.067. PMID 19174147. S2CID 51989.
  3. Burki F, Shalchian-Tabrizi K, Minge M, Skjaeveland A, Nikolaev SI, Jakobsen KS, Pawlowski J (August 2007). Butler G (ed.). "Phylogenomics reshuffles the eukaryotic supergroups". PLOS ONE. 2 (8): e790. Bibcode:2007PLoSO...2..790B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000790. PMC 1949142. PMID 17726520.
  4. Hampl V, Hug L, Leigh JW, Dacks JB, Lang BF, Simpson AG, Roger AJ (March 2009). "Phylogenomic analyses support the monophyly of Excavata and resolve relationships among eukaryotic "supergroups"". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (10): 3859–64. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.3859H. doi:10.1073/pnas.0807880106. PMC 2656170. PMID 19237557.
  5. Frommolt R, Werner S, Paulsen H, Goss R, Wilhelm C, Zauner S, et al. (December 2008). "Ancient recruitment by chromists of green algal genes encoding enzymes for carotenoid biosynthesis". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 25 (12): 2653–67. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn206. PMID 18799712.
  6. Adl SM, Simpson AG, Lane CE, Lukeš J, Bass D, Bowser SS, et al. (September 2012). "The revised classification of eukaryotes". The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 59 (5): 429–93. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x. PMC 3483872. PMID 23020233.
  7. Baldauf SL (2008). "An overview of the phylogeny and diversity of eukaryotes" (PDF). Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 46 (3): 263–273. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1002.2008.08060 (inactive 1 August 2023). S2CID 512766. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-08-20.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2023 (link)
  8. Cavalier-Smith T (June 2010). "Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree". Biology Letters. 6 (3): 342–5. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0948. PMC 2880060. PMID 20031978.
  9. Strassert JF, Jamy M, Mylnikov AP, Tikhonenkov DV, Burki F (April 2019). Shapiro B (ed.). "New Phylogenomic Analysis of the Enigmatic Phylum Telonemia Further Resolves the Eukaryote Tree of Life". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 36 (4): 757–765. doi:10.1093/molbev/msz012. PMC 6844682. PMID 30668767.
  10. Dawkins R, Wong Y (2016). Ancestor's Tale. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 573–577. ISBN 978-0544859937.
  11. Burki F (May 2014). "The eukaryotic tree of life from a global phylogenomic perspective". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 6 (5): a016147. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a016147. PMC 3996474. PMID 24789819.
  12. Strassert JF; Irisarri I; Williams TA; Burki F (March 2021). "A molecular timescale for eukaryote evolution with implications for the origin of red algal-derived plastids". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 1879. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12.1879S. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22044-z. PMC 7994803. PMID 33767194.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.