2010 United States Senate election in Alaska

The 2010 United States Senate election in Alaska took place on November 2, 2010, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Alaska, alongside 33 U.S. Senate elections in other states, elections in all states for the U.S. House of Representatives, as well as various state and local elections. The general election was preceded by primary elections which were held on August 24, 2010. Scott McAdams, the Mayor of Sitka, became the Democratic nominee; Joe Miller, an attorney and former federal magistrate, became the Republican nominee after defeating incumbent U.S. Senator Lisa Murkowski.[1][2] Miller was endorsed by the Tea Party movement and former Governor Sarah Palin.[3] Murkowski announced that despite her defeat in the primary, she would run in the general election as a write-in candidate.[4][5]

2010 United States Senate election in Alaska

November 2, 2010
 
Candidate Lisa Murkowski
(write-in)
Joe Miller Scott McAdams
Party Republican Republican Democratic
Popular vote 101,091 90,839 60,045
Percentage 39.49% 35.49% 23.46%

Borough and census area results
Murkowski:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Miller:      30–40%      40–50%      50–60%
McAdams:      30–40%      40–50%

U.S. senator before election

Lisa Murkowski
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Lisa Murkowski
Republican

Murkowski garnered more than 100,000 write-in votes in the general election, 8,000 of which were challenged by Miller for various errors including minor misspellings.[6] Even if the challenged votes were all thrown out, Murkowski still had a lead of over 2,100 votes when the counting was done.[7] The Associated Press and the Alaska GOP called the race in Murkowski's favor on November 17, and Murkowski proclaimed herself the winner on November 18.[6][8] Miller did not concede the race and instead filed legal challenges which stopped the Alaska Division of Elections from certifying Murkowski as the winner.[9] On December 10, the Alaska Superior Court in Juneau rejected Miller's State law claims, ruling that Alaska statutes and case law do not require perfect spelling on write-in ballots if voter intent is clear. The Superior Court judge also dismissed Miller's claims of vote fraud as based on speculation.[7][10] Miller took his appeal to the Alaska Supreme Court, citing a provision in the Alaska election statute that says there shall be "no exceptions" to the rules for counting ballots, and arguing that therefore, all ballots with misspellings or other deviations should be thrown out. The court heard oral arguments on December 17.[11] Miller also had a pending case in federal court[9] raising U.S. constitutional claims that the Elections and the Due Process Clauses were violated by state election authorities; the federal court could consider the claims once Miller's State court options were exhausted.[9][12]

On December 30, 2010, Alaska state officials certified Lisa Murkowski as the winner of the election, making her only the second U.S. Senate candidate since the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment to win election via write-in and defeat candidates with ballot access, after Strom Thurmond in 1954.[13] On December 31, Miller announced at a news conference in Anchorage that he was conceding.[14] Murkowski thus became the first person since 1970 to win election to the Senate with under 40% of the vote.[15]

Democratic-Libertarian-Independence primary

Alaska's primary elections at the time, from 2000 to 2020, had voters make a choice between a closed primary ballot for Republican candidates, open to voters that have declared themselves as Republicans, nonpartisan, or undeclared, and, since 2004, a combined open primary ballot for Democrats, Libertarians, the Alaska Independence Party, and all other declared or write-in candidates, open to voters of any declaration.

Candidates

Results

Primary results[19][20]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Scott McAdams 18,035 50.0
Democratic Jacob Seth Kern 6,913 19.2
Libertarian David Haase 5,793 16.1
Democratic Frank Vondersaar 5,339 14.8
Total votes 36,080 100.0

Republican primary

Candidates

Endorsements

List of Lisa Murkowski endorsements[22]
U.S. Senators
State legislators
Local officials
Individuals
Organizations
List of Joe Miller endorsements[24]
U.S. Senators
U.S. Representatives
Governors
State officials
State legislators
Local officials
Individuals
Organizations

Polling

Poll source Dates administered Lisa Murkowski Joe Miller
Moore Research July 25, 2010 62% 30%

Results

Results by borough:
  Miller
  •   Miller—50–60%
  •   Miller—60-70%
  Murkowski
  •   Murkowski—50–60%
  •   Murkowski—60–70%
  •   Murkowski—70–80%
Republican primary results[19][20]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Joe Miller 55,878 50.9
Republican Lisa Murkowski (incumbent) 53,872 49.1
Total votes 109,750 100.0

Murkowski conceded the primary race to Joe Miller on August 31, 2010.

Aftermath

When it began to appear that Miller had won the primary, the Libertarian Party floated the possibility of offering Murkowski its nomination; the Murkowski campaign said it would not rule out a third party run, and Murkowski said it was too premature.[25] But on August 29, 2010, the executive board of the state Libertarian Party voted not to consider allowing Murkowski on its ticket for the U.S. Senate race.[26] When asked about a write-in candidacy at that time, she said it was "high risk".[26] By September 7 though, she said that she was weighing the option of mounting a write-in campaign.[27] On September 13, Libertarian candidate David Haase reiterated that he would not stand down and let Murkowski replace him on the ballot.[28] Murkowski announced on September 17 that she would enter the general election contest as a write-in candidate, saying she had agonized over the decision, but had been encouraged to run by many voters.[29]

General election

Candidates

Campaign

After Lisa Murkowski conceded the Republican primary to Joe Miller, Scott McAdams raised over $128,000 through ActBlue, and a private fundraiser at the home of Alaskan State Senator Hollis French raised about $19,000.

Miller received negative press in mid-October 2010 when his campaign's security guards made a private arrest of a journalist who was persistently questioning Miller about his record as a government employee. Tony Hopfinger, of the Alaska Dispatch, was detained and handcuffed until Anchorage police arrived and released him following a townhall event featuring Miller. No charges were filed.[31] Though the campaign event was open to the general public and held at a public school, the security firm said it had detained the journalist because he had been trespassing and had shoved a man while attempting to question Miller.[31]

On October 20, during early voting, a voter in Homer photographed a list of write-in candidates that was posted inside a voting booth,[32] which raised the issue of whether the state should be posting, or even providing such a list. A lawsuit was filed alleging that the Alaska Division of Elections was violating AAC, 25.070, which reads in part: "Information regarding a write-in candidate may not be discussed, exhibited or provided at the polling place, or within 200 feet of any entrance to the polling place, on election day."[33] Both Republican and Democratic spokespersons decried the lists as electioneering on behalf of Murkowski; representatives of the Division of Elections maintained that the lists were intended merely to assist voters.[34] On October 27, a judge issued a restraining order barring the lists, noting in his decision "If it were important 'assistance' for the Division to provide voters with lists of write-in candidates, then the Division was asleep at the switch for the past 50 years, the Division first developed the need for a write-in candidate list 12 days ago."[35] Later on the same day, the Alaska Supreme Court ruled that the lists could be distributed to those who asked for them, but that any ballots cast by voters based on information on the lists be "segregated". The Division of Elections responded that they had neither the manpower nor the time to implement such a system by Election Day. By the deadline for registering as a write-in candidate, more than 150 Alaskans had submitted their names as candidates for the U.S. Senate seat, encouraged by an Anchorage talk radio host.[36][37]

In the election, the total number of write-in votes statewide were counted first, then all the write-in ballots were sent to Juneau to the Division of Elections to be individually examined to see what names were written on them.[36]

Predictions

Source Ranking As of
Cook Political Report[38] Likely R October 26, 2010
Rothenberg[39] Safe R October 22, 2010
RealClearPolitics[40] Likely R October 26, 2010
Sabato's Crystal Ball[41] Likely R October 21, 2010
CQ Politics[42] Likely R October 26, 2010

Polling

Poll
source
Date(s)
administered
Joe Miller (R) Lisa Murkowski (R)
[lower-alpha 1]
Scott McAdams (D) Lead
Rasmussen Reports September 19, 2010 42% 27% 25% Miller +15
Moore Research September 23–27, 2010 43% 18% 28% Miller +15
CNN/Time/Opinion Research September 24–28, 2010 38% 36% 22% Miller +2
Public Policy Polling October 9–10, 2010 35% 33% 26% Miller +2
CNN/Time/Opinion Research October 15–19, 2010 37% 37% 23% Tie
Public Policy Polling October 30–31, 2010 37% 30% 30% Miller +7

Note

  1. Lisa Murkowski lost Republican nomination and runs as a Republican during her write-in bid.
Hypothetical polling numbers in a two-way race between Joe Miller (R) and Scott McAdams (D)
Poll source Dates administered Joe Miller (R) Scott McAdams (D)
Public Policy Polling August 27–28, 2010 47% 39%
Basswood Research August 28–29, 2010 52% 36%
Rasmussen Reports August 31, 2010 50% 44%
Hypothetical polling numbers with Lisa Murkowski as a Libertarian
Poll source Dates administered Joe Miller (R) Lisa Murkowski (L) Scott McAdams (D)
Public Policy Polling August 27–28, 2010 38% 34% 22%
Dittman Research August 30, 2010 31% 37% 19%
  • It was announced on 9/13/10 that Murkowski cannot run on the Libertarian ticket.[43]

Fundraising

Candidate (party) Receipts Disbursements Cash on hand Debt
Joe Miller (R) $1,980,296 $1,331,859 $647,934 $341
Scott McAdams (D) $861,121 $587,639 $273,480 $0
Lisa Murkowski (R-Write-in) $3,416,929 $3,005,107 $773,826 $0
Source: Federal Election Commission[44]

Results

2010 United States Senate election in Alaska[45]
Party Candidate Votes %
Write-in 102,234 39.94%
Republican Joe Miller 90,839 35.49%
Democratic Scott McAdams 60,045 23.46%
Libertarian David Haase 1,459 0.57%
Independent Timothy Carter 927 0.36%
Independent Ted Gianoutsos 458 0.18%
Total votes 255,962 100.00%

Post-election day events

Overview

On election day, the write-in ballots were counted, but not examined: determining for which candidate they were cast was deferred. After election officials tabulated 27,000 additional absentee and early ballots, Miller had won 35 percent of the vote while forty percent of the ballots cast were write-ins,[46] which required a hand count to see what names were on them.[47][48]

Write-in count

Alaska election officials said they were counting write-in ballots with misspellings if the names written in were phonetic to Murkowski, claiming that Alaska case law supports this practice.[49] The Miller campaign had observers present who challenged ballots which misspelled "Murkowski", or which included the word "Republican" next to Murkowski's name. The Anchorage Daily News noted on November 11 that the bulk of the challenged ballots contained misspellings but examples were not hard to find of challenged ballots that appeared to be "spelled accurately and looked to be filled out properly".[50]

After several days of counting, the Division of Elections showed Murkowski with a lead of some 1,700 votes over Miller, with about 8,000 write-in votes yet to be counted, and a trend of counting 97 percent of the write-ins as for Murkowski.[51] Murkowski's campaign shied away from declaring a victory before the count was finished.[51] As of November 17, (the last day of the hand count), the Division of Elections showed Murkowski having a lead of over 10,000 votes, meaning that even if all the 8,000 challenged ballots were discounted, Murkowski would still lead by about 2,200 votes. The Miller campaign then demanded a hand recount of the entire election, claiming that as Murkowski's votes were all verified by visual inspection, Miller should get the same opportunity. The Division of Election officials responded that any recount of non-write-in votes would not be done by hand, but would be done using optical scanners.[52]

Lawsuits

Miller filed a federal lawsuit on November 9, 2010, seeking to have write-in ballots that contained spelling and other errors from being counted toward Murkowski's total and a seeking preliminary injunction to prevent the counting of the write-in votes from even beginning.[12][53] He claimed that he had a federal case because State election officials were violating the Elections Clause of the U.S. Constitution and the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment by using a voter intent standard that allowed misspelled write-in votes to count.[54] The federal court allowed the counting to proceed as the challenged ballots were segregated from the others and could be re-examined later, if necessary.[53] After hearing motions and arguments from both sides, the federal court abstained from hearing the case, ruling that the dispute could be resolved by the State courts by reference to State law.[54] The federal court kept the case in its docket in the event that federal issues still remained after the State courts' determination.[54] The federal court also put a halt to the certification of the election pending rulings on Miller's lawsuits. Miller then filed suit in State court, repeating the claims he had previously made, and adding allegations of vote fraud and bias.[55] On December 10, the Alaska Superior Court rejected all of Miller's claims as contrary to State statute and case law, and said the fraud claims were unsubstantiated.[7][10] Miller then appealed the Superior Court ruling to the Alaska Supreme Court, citing a provision in the Alaska election statute that says there shall be "no exceptions" to the rules for counting ballots, and that therefore, all ballots with misspellings or other deviations should be thrown out. After oral arguments were heard on December 17,[11] on December 22, the Alaska Supreme Court upheld the lower court's ruling dismissing Miller's claims.[56][57] On December 26, Miller announced that he would be withdrawing his opposition for Murkowski's Senate certification, but would continue pursuing the federal case.[58] On December 31, Miller announced at a news conference in Anchorage that he was conceding.[14]

Write-in results

Write-in totals (100% precincts reporting)[59]
Candidate Votes Percentage
Lisa Murkowski (unchallenged) 92,931 89.52%
Lisa Murkowski (challenged, counted) 8,160 7.86%
Lisa Murkowski (challenged, not counted) 2,035 1.96%
Misc. Names 620 0.6%
Joe Miller 20 0.02%
Sid Hill 13 0.01%
Scott McAdams 8 0.01%
Lisa M. Lackey 2 0.00%
All other write-in candidates 40 0.04%
Totals 103,805 100%

Certified results

Final/certified general election results[59][60][61]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Lisa Murkowski (incumbent, write-in) 101,091 39.49% N/A
Republican Joe Miller 90,839 35.49% −13.09%
Democratic Scott McAdams 60,045 23.46% −22.09%
Libertarian David Haase 1,459 0.57% +0.17%
Write-in 1,143 0.44% +0.30%
Independent Timothy Carter 927 0.36% N/A
Independent Ted Gianoutsos 458 0.18% −0.06%
Total votes 255,962 100.0%
Republican hold

Boroughs and census areas that flipped from Democratic to Republican

Boroughs and census areas that flipped from Republican to Democratic

References

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